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Monitoring systems at Mt' Etna and Stromboli volcanoes

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Title: Monitoring systems at Mt' Etna and Stromboli volcanoes


1
Monitoring systems at Mt. Etna and Stromboli
volcanoes
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sonia Calvari - Sezione di Catania
2
Types of monitoring systems
  • Continuous measurements
  • Webcam network (visual, thermal and infrared)
  • UV-scanner network for SO2 flux
  • Clinometric network
  • GPS permanent network
  • Gravimetric network
  • Magnetic network
  • Discontinuous measurements
  • Geologic and structural surveys
  • Thermal mapping from helicopter and field
  • Petrology and geochemistry of erupted products
  • Analysis of components in the erupted ash
  • Cospec and FTIR for SO2 flux and gas composition
  • GPS and EDM discrete measurements
  • Macroseismic surveys

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
3
Webcam network Mt. Etna
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
4
Webcam network Stromboli
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
5
VAMOS Volcanic Activity MOnitoring
System
Triggered frames
Event classification
Image MAX

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
6
UV-scanner at Stromboli
I Vancori
I Vancori
Punta dei Corvi
Punta Lena
SPL 01
SPCO
SPCO
Pizzo
SPL1
Pizzo
STOT
STOT
SCOA
SCOA
Legend
UV station
Wireless radio
Meteo station
Wireless
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
7
UV-scanners on Etna
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
8
Seismic monitoring system
  • Permanent seismic network from North to South
    Sicily
  • Aeolian Islands (12 stations)
  • Peloritani and south Calabria (10 stations)
  • Mt. Etna (37 stations)
  • Hyblean Mountains (10 stations)
  • Total 69 stations

plus 8 temporary stations linked to a mobile lab
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
9
Seismic network on Etna
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
10
Vp and Vp/Vs tomography
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
11
Seismic network-Stromboli
2003-2004 Permanent Network 13 Guralp CMG-40T
(0.06-60 s) INGV 24 bits data logger Radio-modem
transmission
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Napoli - Osservatorio
Vesuviano
12
Automatic VLP location
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Napoli - Osservatorio
Vesuviano
15.11.2003 159 VLP
13
Ground deformations
Ground deformations at Mt. Etna and Aeolian
volcanoes (Lipari-Vulcano and Stromboli) are
monitored by using Continuous and non-continuous
(Discrete) systems, based on geodetic techniques.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
14
Ground deformations
STROMBOLI
ETNA
Maintenance activity in wintertime on a
permanent GPS station at the top of Mt. Etna
THEODOROS (THEOdolite and Distancemeter Robot
Observatory of Stromboli) monitoring system on
the Sciara del Fuoco.
Example of baseline strains due to the volcanic
activity from Jun. 2001 to Sep. 2004. The flank
eruption onsets and the inflation periods are
marked in the plot.
2002-03
2004-05
EMGL
2001
ESLN
NICO
Results of the monitoring at the Sciara del
Fuoco by using THEODOROS system. Example of the
variation in the velocity of vertical component
at the benchmarks located in the SdF (located in
the red ellipse on the map).
15
InSAR technique at Etna
before the 2004 eruption
  • ERS2 phase interferogram relevant to the 20 Aug.
    2003 30 Jun. 2004 time interval (ascending
    orbit).
  • Deformation map (in cm) along the Line of the
    Sight (LOS) obtained by unwrapping the phase
    interferogram.
  • Value of LOS deformation along the A-A cross
    section

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
16
Etna microgravity network
  • 70 benchmarks for discrete measurements and 3
    continuously running stations.
  • 15 years of systematic observations

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
17
Stromboli microgravity station
Data recorded at Stromboli gravity station during
the May November 2004 time interval. From top
to bottom is gravity data, ambient temperature,
X level, Y level
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
18
Magnetic network
The original array, set up at the end of 1998,
consisted of five stations positioned on the
volcanic edifice (CST, BVD, BCN, PDN,and DGL),
flanked by a sixth external reference station
(CSR) installed further west (about 50 km) on the
Nebrodi Mountains. Stations on Mt. Etna were
located at elevations ranging between 2500 and
3000 m a.s.l. along a North-South profile
crossing the summit craters. Each remote station
is equipped with an Overhauser effect
magnetometer (0.01 nT sensitivity) and records
the Earths magnetic field every 10 s. The
stations are linked by mobile phone to the
control center at Catania.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
19
Volcanomagnetic changes Accompanying the onset of
the 2002-2003 eruption of Mt. Etna
After differential magnetic field measurements
were filtered from the external disturbance
field, we detected sharp variations of about 5 nT
(at PDN and DGL stations) associated with October
27, 2002 eruptive fissures opening up in the
north flank.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
20
Set up of magnetic network at Stromboli Island
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
21
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
22
The CO2 input measured in thermal wells before
the onset of the eruption and, to a lesser
extent, in correspondence of the 5th April
paroxysmal event is probably due to early
degassing of CO2 of new gas-rich magma batches.
NO DATA
Similar informations can be inferred from soil
degassing monitoring in the Pizzo sopra la Fossa
area.
23
UF Products
Petrography
High phenocryst content (gt 30 )
Phenocrysts Pl (16-23 vol) Cpx (10-12 vol) Ol
(1-3 vol) Ox (lt1 vol )
High pl/mafic modal ratio (0.7-2)
similar to products erupted during the last
centuries
LF Products
Subhedral amphiboles, apatite, opx xenocrysts,
and sedimentary nodules
Phenocrysts Cpx (9-11 vol) Pl (4-6 vol) Ol
(2-3 vol) Ox (lt1 vol )
Low phenocrysts content (lt 15 )
Low pl/mafic modal ratio (lt0.5)
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
24
Ash sampling and analysis
Ash collector
Field survey to collect ash samples
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
25
FTIR measurements
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
26
COSPEC and FTIR measurements
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
27
Thermal mapping from helicopter
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
28
Effusion rate from satellite
Data from Andy Harris - University of Hawaii
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
29
Effusion rate and max flow length
Eff rate max. 30 m3s-1 Calculated max L 6.4
km Real max L 6.5 km
Calvari and Pinkerton, JGR - 1998
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
30
Effusion rate and lava flow simulation -
Linguaglossa
Crisci G.M. simulation team Università
della Calabria
Cellular automata model 5 m3/s for 13 days
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
31
Effusion rate from helicopter thermal
mapping
Andy Harris, John Dehn and Matt Patrick
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e
Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania
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