Development of carbonaceous aerosols emission inventory from

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• Development of carbonaceous aerosols emission
  inventory from
• fossil fuel combustion
• at European, National and Regional scales

by Bruno GUILLAUME and Cathy Liousse (Laboratoire
dAérologie)
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Outline
1). To Develop a new european emission inventory
(EI) for BC and OCp (NEWEUR), to improve
understanding of the largest differences in the
existing EI (and there are !)
2). To simply relate these differences to the
source/fuel types and emittive regions
3). To compare model/measurements BC
concentrations obtained with NEWEUR and existing
EI separately introduced in TM4 model
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EMISSIONS
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HOW MUCH DO FOSSIL FUELS BIO FUELS CONTRIBUTE
IN EUROPE TO BC ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ?
BC (ffbf) JL (2006) EVOLUTIVE EF
BC (agric. waste burning)
BC (boreal fires)
BC (tropical fires)
0
200
500
2500
10000
40000
100000
150000
tons/yr/3x2
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DERIVING THE EMISSIONS OF BC AND OCp
Cooke et al, 1999 JunkerLiousse, 2006 or
Bond et al., 2004 ?
Cooke et al, JL
Bond et al
Fuel- And activity-dependent emissions
Large differences at global scale
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OBJECTIVE HERE IMPROVING JLs BC AND OCp
INVENTORIES IN EUROPE (GuillaumeLiousse, 2006,
in prep.)
NEWEUR
1). Use of IIASA fuel-consumption dataset
(Klimont et al., 2002) for years
1990,1995,2000,2005 and 2010 (detailed by
controlled/uncontrolled fractions)
2). Choice of EF(BC, OCp) for some uncontrolled
tech. (REF technologies) EF are taken equal to
JLs EF for semi-dev countries
i). ?EF(BC) linked to ?(CO/CO2) the more
complete the combustion (low CO/CO2), the lower
EF(BC) ii). ?(BC/OCp) linked to ?(CO/CO2) the
more complete the combustion, the higher BC/OCp.
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RESULTING EF
NEWEUR vs. Bond Main differences in coal EF
(dom, indus) and lignite
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TOTAL BC EMISSIONS IN EXISTING EUROPEAN EMISSION
INVENTORIES
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SPATIALIZED BC EMISSIONS COMPARED TO EXISTING
INVENTORIES YEAR 1995
BC emissions by NEWEUR (no control scenario)
BC emissions by JL (2006) (EF 1990)
BC emissions by NEWEUR (with controls scenario)
BC emissions by Schaap et al. (2004)
BC emissions by JL (2006) (EVOLVING EF)
0
200
500
2500
10000
40000
100000
150000
tons/yr/3x2
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FOCUSING ON FUEL/SECTOR TYPE
Domestic sector
Industrial sector
Combined sector (mobile sources)
In Schaap et al. (2004) inventory
260 Gg/yr
90 Gg/yr
86 Gg/yr
In NEWEUR inventory
1). LESS THAN 20 DIFFERENCES IN EU-COUNTRIES (in
agreement with Kuppiainen and Klimont, 2006) 2).
50 (DOM.) -80(INDUS.) DUE TO UNCERTAINTIES ON
POLAND VALUES URGENT NEED FOR BETTER EF VALUES
FOR COAL / LIGNITE (DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL) !!
300 Gg/yr
190 Gg/yr
220 Gg/yr
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ROAD TRAFFIC STRONG VARIATIONS AT REGIONAL SCALE
?
Improved BC road emissions for France
(10kmx10km) by improved location (SNAP3) from
CETE (improved vehicle counts for highway,
urban, rural driving)
60 Gg/yr
Guillaume and Liousse (2006b), submitted to J.
Geophys. Res.
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CAPEDB database framework
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CHECK OF BC CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST MEASUREMENTS
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USE OF A GLOBAL BC MODEL TO TEST NEWEUR AGAINST
EXISTING INVENTORIESs
Use is made of TM4-tracer tracer version of
ORISAM-TM4 model (Guillaume et al., Tellus
B,2006)

• - global tracer model (300x200km resolution),
• - long integrations,
• - 9 vertical levels (up to 40hPa),
• dry dep (Ganzeveld, 1997),
• wet dep convective rains (Guelle, 1995) /
  stratiform rains
• (incloud and below cloud),
• BC ageing (Cooke et al., 1999).

ORISAM-TM4 GLOBAL (300x200km, long
integrations)
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MODEL APT TO REPRODUCE TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF BC
CONCENTRATIONS
Photo des filtres août 2002 à dec 2003
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OC MORE PROBLEMATIC MODEL ORISAM-TM4 SHOWS THE
INTEREST OF MODELLING SOA IN OC
Pic du Midi (April 2002-August 2003)
Guillaume et al. (2006c), submitted to
Geophys.Res.Lett.
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RUNNING SEPARATE BC SIMULATIONS

• 2 different European inventory
• Schaap et al. (2004) (EF based on Bond et al.)
• NEWEUR (with controls)

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EUROPEAN STATIONS TO COMPARE MODELED / MEASURED
CONCENTRATIONS
Hyytiala
NEatlantic
Aspvreten
South Uist
Kap Arkona
Roervik
Mace Head
Potsdam
Edgbaston
Gent
Radebeul
Halle
Gorlitz
Melpitz
Paris
Gif-sur-yvette
Vienna
K-putsza
Landes Forest
Po valley
Areao
Corsica
Anadia
Barcelona
Aveiro
Ebro
Lisbon
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EUROPEAN STATIONS TO COMPARE MODELED / MEASURED
CONCENTRATIONS
Hyytiala
NEatlantic
Aspvreten
South Uist
Kap Arkona
Mace Head
Potsdam
Edgbaston
Gent
Radebeul
Halle
Gorlitz
Melpitz
Paris
Gif-sur-yvette
Vienna
K-putsza
Landes Forest
Po valley
Areao
Corsica
Anadia
MOST OF THE DIFFERENCES AT CENTRAL EUROPE SITES,
WITH BETTER AGREEMENT USING OUR NEW INVENTORY
Barcelona
Aveiro
Ebro
Lisbon
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CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

• Uncertainties in European BC emissions generated
  mostly by uncertainties
• in Central Europe emissions and attributable to
  coal emissions
• (domestic and industrial combustions),
• TM4 simulations show improved comparison with
• NEWEUR in Central Europe (but lack of data),
• Regional zooms point to higher regional
  uncontrolled fractions
• of road traffic.

• Need for regionalisation of inventories
• emphasized by this study

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THANK YOU !!
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BC and OC primary carbon species in mixed
aerosols
Radiative forcing (IPCC, 2001)
BC (local heating effect)
OC (local cooling effect)
BC and OC combustion tracers, products of
incomplete combustion
Chemically very complex species HAP
agglomerates, condensed organic
fonctions, polymerized organic matter)
secondary OC (SOA)
Carbon continuum
Condensation continues in the atmosphere
emissions
OCp
BC
EC