LEED Neighborhood Development and the Greening of Chicago

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LEED Neighborhood Developmentand the Greening of
Chicago

• Tuesdays at APA
• December 6, 2005

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Farr AssociatesDesigning Sustainable Human
Environments

• Planning
• Urban Design
• Architecture
• Preservation

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19th C. Industrial City
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Urbanism co-evolved with Transit
19th 20th Century
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CIAM
Congress International Architecture Moderne
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The Radiant City
CIAM was a reform movement with a narrow agenda
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GM buys Streetcars to grow Bus Market
Late 1940s, early 50s
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Radiant Chicago
1950s - 1970s
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Federal Transportation Funding
Highways 33 Billion Airports 12
Billion Public Transit 2.8 Billion
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Conventional Development Patterns
1960s to present
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Conventional Suburban Housing
1960s to present
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Conventional Development Patterns
1960s to present
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The Move IndoorsProgressive Architecture ca.
1960
1960s to present
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Our Current Sustainability Leader
1970-74
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Charter of the New Urbanism
1993
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Embrace of Traditional UrbanismTraditional
Neighborhood development
Naperville, IL.
Chicago, IL.
1900-1920
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Embrace of Traditional ArchitectureTraditional
Neighborhood development
Georgetown Rowhouses 16-24 lot 1 dwelling
Rural Farmhouse 45 lot 2 dwellings
Charleston Single House 25-30 lot 1 dwelling
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Rediscovery of the Neighborhood
Clarence Perry, 1926
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Good development in bad locations
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The Radiant City
A Heat Island in Florida
CIAM was a reform movement with a narrow agenda
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A Green Building Critique of Seaside
Where is the A.C. condenser?
Held together by paint
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Green Building Requirements
1998, 2000 to present
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Chicago Center for Green Technology
LEED Platinum (3rd in US)
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Stormwater Flow Chicago Center for Green
Technology
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Cool Parking Lot
Road Oyl and Tree Cover
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Stormwater Detention Filtration
Chicago Center for Green Technology
Detention Area
Bioswale
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Vegetated Roof
Spring
Summer
Winter
Autumn
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Stormwater Capture
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Chicago Center for Green Technology
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Chicago Center for Green Technology
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Geothermal/Heat Pump Technology
Heat Sink Diagram
Well Drilling
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Displacement Ventilation
CCGT
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Daylight Harvesting
CCGT
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Photovoltaic Cells - Rooftop and BI
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Green Building Materials Exhibit
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Promotions and Tours
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Lake- Pulaski TOD
Chicago, Il
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Bethel Commercial Center
PV Cornice, Light Shelves
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Bethel Commercial Center
Building Section
PV Cornice
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Location Efficiency
LEED-CI Pilot
The LEED Rating System does not distinguish
between the size (or quantity) of mass transit
systems in proximity to a project... Awarding
extra credit would create an added advantage for
projects located in larger metropolitan areas.
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Land Use/Transportation Linkage
(by Family)
The Wealth of Cities, John Norquist
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Building-centric, trying to grow
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LEED? for Neighborhood Developments
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What is LEED-ND?

• Joint venture of USGBC, CNU, NRDC (SG)
• National certification for smart development
• Primary market development teams
• Secondary market planners local government

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How does LEED-ND apply?

• Developments of multiple buildings and
  developer-supplied infrastructure
• May be mixed-use, or entirely residential or
  commercial if adding diversity to surrounding
  area
• Will inform land-use component of LEED

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How is LEED-ND organized?

• Four Categoriesour broad categories
• Location Efficiency
• Environmental preservation
• Compact, Complete and Connected Neighborhoods
• Resource efficiency

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1.0 Location Efficiency

• Infill and redevelopment sites
• Transit served locations
• Transit amenities
• Jobs-Housing Balance
• Access to Open Space

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2.0 Environmental Preservation

• Erosion sedimentation control
• Wetland and water body protection
• Minimize site disturbance
• Parkland/farmland preservation
• Stormwater volume management/treatment

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3.0 Compact, complete, and connected neighborhoods

• Density
• Mix/Proximity of uses
• Pedestrian friendliness, street connectivity
• Historic preservation, character
• Access to green space
• Diverse and Affordable housing

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Ideal Neighborhood Plan
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4.0 Resource Efficiency

• Green building design
• Heat island reduction (roof non-roof)
• Construction waste management
• Locally provided materials
• On-site power generation
• Compost/recycling facilities

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Resource Efficient Neighborhood

• Transit
• Storm water
• Sewage
• Heat island
• Power
• Food
• Green Infrastructure

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2004 Case Studies

• Conceptual Ratings

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Test CaseConservation DevelopmentAurora, IL

• Guiding Principles
• Protect against flooding
• Enhance water quality
• Provide adequate buffers/greenways along
• stream channels

• Intention is to look at
• the land carefully and understand its
  characteristics before imposing a built
  environment

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CountrysideLocation and Linkages
Interstate 88
To Chicago
Orchard Road
Fox River
IL Route 56
Downtown Aurora
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Conservation DevelopmentNeighborhood Pattern
and Design

• Designed in 2002
• 80 acres
• 50 open space
• 80 dwelling units
• Housing clusters
• Lots average 1/2 acre
• Proposed future phases will have commercial

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Conservation Development
Site plan detail
Illustrative housing cluster
Vegetated swale
Parking lot with trees
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Prerequisite Scorecard

• Does the development meet prerequisites?
• LE P1.01 - Transportation Efficiency Y N
• LE P1.02 - Municipal Service Efficiency Y N
• EP P1.01 - Imperiled Species Ecological
  Communities Y N
• EP P1.02 - Parkland Preservation Y N
• EP P1.03 - Wetland Water Body Protection
• Y N
• EP P1.04 - Erosion Sedimentation Control Y N
• EP P1.05 - Farmland Preservation Y N
• CCCN P1.01 - Open Community Y N
• CCCN P1.02 - Compact Development Y N

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Credit Scorecard
5
14
8
5
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40 LEED Certified 50 Silver 60 Gold
80 Platinum
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Kentlands
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KentlandsGaithersburg, MD

• Six mixed use neighborhoods, each combining
  residential, office, civic, cultural and retail
  usage.
• Offers a range of housing types and sizes to
  encourage diversity in age and income level.
• Includes a variety of civic facilities and public
  open spaces.

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KentlandsLocation and Linkages
To Washington, D.C.
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KentlandsNeighborhood Pattern and Design

• Designed in 1988
• 356 acres
• 1600 dwelling units
• 1 million sf office space
• 1.2 million sf commercial
• space

300 feet
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Kentlands
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Scorecard

• Does the development meet prerequisites?
• LE P1.01 - Transportation Efficiency Y N
• LE P1.02 - Municipal Service Efficiency Y N
• EP P1.01 - Imperiled Species Ecological
  Communities Y N
• EP P1.02 - Parkland Preservation Y N
• EP P1.03 - Wetland Water Body Protection
• Y N
• EP P1.04 - Erosion Sedimentation Control Y N
• EP P1.05 - Farmland Preservation Y N
• CCCN P1.01 - Open Community Y N
• CCCN P1.02 - Compact Development Y N

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Credit Scorecard
12
8
35
5
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Likely Rating 60 Gold
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Cleaning Air/Water by increasing Density
The Wealth of Cities, John Norquist
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Lowering Per Capita Impacts
Urban Transect
RURAL
URBAN
DISTRICTS
Impervious surface Water usage Waste water
generation Air pollution
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Farr Associates projects that illustrate the
potential benefits
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Green Urbanism
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The Sustainability Pyramid
Sustainable Land Developments
Sustainable Land Developments
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The Sustainability Pyramid

• LEED Green Buildings
• New Construction (NC)
• Existing Buildings (EB)
• Commercial Interiors (CI)
• Core and Shell (CS)
• Homes (H)

Sustainable Land Developments
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The Sustainability Pyramid

• SMART NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT
• LEED-Neighborhood development (ND)
• Existing neighborhood (EN)
• District (d)
• Landscape (l)
• Infrastructure systems (IS)

Plans governance
Sustainable Land Developments
LEED Green Buildings
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Proposed Certification Products forSustainable
Land Developments
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The Sustainability Pyramid

• Plans and Governance
• Comprehensive Plan (CP)
• Regional plan (RP)
• Municipality (M)
• State (S)

Plans governance
Sustainable Land Developments
LEED Green Buildings
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Thank you

• Visit farrside.com
• Download LEED-ND draft _at_ cnu.org