Berkeley NEST Wireless OEP

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Berkeley NEST Wireless OEP

• David Culler, Shankar Sastry, Eric Brewer, Kris
  Pister, David Wagner
• Unversity of California, Berkeley

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Administrative

• Secure Language-Based Adaptive Service Platform
  (SLAP) for Large-Scale Embedded Sensor Networks
• PM Vijay Raghavan
• PIs
• David Culler, culler_at_cs.berkeley.edu
• Eric Brewer, brewer_at_cs.berkeley.edu
• David Wagner, daw_at_cs.berkeley.edu
• Shankar Sastry, sastry_at_eecs.berkeley.edu
• Kris Pister, pister_at_eecs.berkeley.edu
• University of California, Berkeley
• Award Start Date 6/1/01
• Award End Date 10/31/04
• Agent Name and OrganizationJuan Carbonell, AFWL

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Subcontractors and Collaborators

• Crossbow
• manufactures tests node and sensor boards
• offers for sale beyond initial contract run
• UCLA
• development of networking algorithms,
  coordination services, testbed development
• Intel Research
• application studies, base-station support,
  ubicomp usage, language design
• potential next generation design and
  manufacturing collaboration
• Kestrel, UCI
• miniproject synthesis and composition
• USC, U Wash., UIUC, UVA, Ohio State, Bosch,
  Rutgers, Dartmouth, GATECH, Xerox

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Problem Description and Program Objective

• Develop a platform for NEST research that will
  dramatically accelerate the development of
  algorithms, services, and their composition into
  applications
• allowing algorithmic work to move from theory to
  practice at a very early stage, without each
  group developing extensive infrastructure
• Critical barriers are scale, concurrency,
  complexity, and uncertainty.
• Permit demonstration of fine-grain distributed
  control
• Define series of challenge applications to drive
  the program components
• Metric of success
• rate of development of new algorithmic components
• degree of reuse of platform components
• scale of integration across program
• number of novel factors influencing algorithm
  design revealed through hands-on empirical use

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• New Ideas
• Small, flexible, low-cost, low-power, wireless
  embedded sensor devices
• Tiny event-driven, robust, open component OS for
  NEST devices
• - mcast, AM, prune algorithmic primitives
• FSM high-concurrency prog. env.
• Resilient aggregation
• - for security and other noise
• Macroprogramming unstructured aggregates
• Adversarial Simulation

Secure Language-Based Adaptive Service Platform
for Large-scale Embedded Sensor Networks
David Culler, Eric Brewer, David Wagner UC
Berkeley
Schedule

• Impact
• Enable creation of embedded distributed syst.
  of unprecedented scale and role
• - 1,000s of tiny networked sensors
• Enable new classes of applications integrated
  with physical world
• - Greatly simplify creation of distributed
  systems at extreme scale (HW SW)
• - fine-grained distributed control
• Accelerate prototyping and evaluation of new
  coord. synthesis algorithms
• Enable new, robust basis for distributed,
  embedded software thru platform design novel
  tools for simulation and visualization
• Drive NW sensor challenge applications

lang based optimize viz
log trace adv. sim
chal. app defn
final prog. env
macro. lang design
FSM on OEP1
OEP1 defn
OEP1 eval
June 02
June 03
June 04
Oct 04 End
June 01 Start
OEP2 proto
OEP2 platform design
OEP2
OEP3
OEP1 10x100 kits
OEP3 platform design
chal app evaluation
OEP2 analysis
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Project Status on-schedule

• Completed design, manufacturing, and testing of
  MICA low-power wireless platform
• Refined extension connector specification
• Completed design and prototyping of rich sensor
  card for MICA (production to complete April 1)
• Mechanical design of compact package
• Evaluation and structured redesign of TinyOS
  stack
• Code release of TinyOS 0.6 with new MICA 40 kbps
  stack, flash logger
• Adapted ATMEL studio
• Preliminary static command/event analysis
• Demonstration of RC5 encryption in lt 2kB
• Demonstration application of environmental
  monitoring, tracking, and social network
• energy efficient time synchronization and
  multihop networking

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Platform Ahead of Schedule or Unplanned

• Developed TOSSIM for detailed simulation up to
  1000s of nodes (uniform application)
• Demonstration of initial aggregation operators
• Prototype Implementation of Geocast
• Prototype visual TinyOS programming tool
• Development and calibration of RF-based
  localization components
• Implementation of general actuator control
  (with SDR pgm)
• Studies of large-scale algorithm dynamics

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The MICA architecture

• Atmel ATMEGA103
• 4 Mhz 8-bit CPU
• 128KB Instruction Memory
• 4KB RAM
• 4 Mbit flash (AT45DB041B)
• SPI interface
• 1-4 uj/bit r/w
• RFM TR1000 radio
• 50 kb/s ASK
• Focused hardware acceleration
• Network programming
• Same 51-pin connector
• Analog compare interrupts
• Same tool chain
• Provides sub microsecond RF synchronization
  primitive

51-Pin I/O Expansion Connector
8 Analog I/O
8 Programming Lines
Digital I/O
Atmega103 Microcontroller
DS2401 Unique ID
Coprocessor
Transmission Power Control
Hardware Accelerators
SPI Bus
TR 1000 Radio Transceiver
4Mbit External Flash
Power Regulation MAX1678 (3V)
Cost-effective power source
2xAA form factor
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Rich Sensor board
Microphone
Sounder
Magnetometer
1.25 in
Temperature Sensor
Light Sensor
2.25 in
Accelerometer
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Protoype Boards beyond platform

• Motor-Servo board interfaces any combination of
  two motors, servos, and solenoids to a toy car
  platform
• Sensor boards are currently being prototyped,
  including a whisker board for obstacle detection
  and a digital accelerometer (ADXL202) board for
  crude odometry
• Low-level software components written to abstract
  hardware

Motor-Servo Board
Whisker-Accel Board
GPS Board
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Project Status Challenge Appln

• level field (400-2500 m2) with 5-15 tree-like
  obstacles
• Pursuers team
• 400-1000 nodes
• 3-5 ground pursuers,
• 1-2 aerial pursuers
• Evaders team
• 1-3 ground evaders
• Self organization of motes
• Localization of evaders
• Evaders position and velocity estimation by
  sensor network
• Communication of sensors estimates to ground
  pursuers
• Design of a pursuit strategy
• Minimize capture time and energy
• accuracy of localization synch
• stability of network and dist. alg

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Project Plans

• Complete 1.0 release of TinyOS
• Support facility for project groups using the
  platform
• Logging and analysis of platform usage, failure
  modes, energy profile.
• Analysis of hardware design and TinyOS relative
  to evolving project needs
• Develop simulation environment
• Design specification for robust version of TinyOS
• Design of low-level programming language for FSM
  component
• Preliminary Analysis of techniques for resilient
  aggregation and random sampling
• Demonstration of distributed control loops

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Project Schedule and Milestones
lang based optimize viz
chal. app defn
log trace adv. sim
final prog. env
FSM on OEP1
OEP1 eval
macro. lang design
OEP1 defn
June 02
June 03
June 04
June 01 Start
OEP2 platform design
OEP2
OEP3
OEP1 10x100 kits
OEP3 platform design
chal app evaluation

• Next Six Months
• Complete TinyOS 1.0 (network programming, rssi,
  time synch)
• Deliver sensor board
• Tracking demonstration
• Challenge App. Spec
• FSM programming
• OEP 1 evaluation

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Technology Transition/Transfer

• All HW and SW open and web-accessible
• several groups building new boards components
• source forge
• Crossbow is manufacturing and marketing current
  platform
• plan to incorporate ATMEGA 128 in spring
• exploring chipcon radio
• BOSCH exploring use for intelligent alarms
• Intel Research collaborating on platform design
  and use
• potential avenue for Silicon Radio and MEMS
  efforts
• may collaborate on development of next generation
  platforms

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Program Issues

• Is the partitioning into platform / application /
  coordination services / synthesis services /
  composition services natural? Appropriate?
• Is there a common understanding of what it means?
• Is is clear who is responsible for what?
• Many seem to be the stuff that glues together
  what others develop rather than identifiable
  meat