Session 2 Procuring and Specifying a Ground Source Heat Pump System

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Session 2Procuring and Specifying a Ground
Source Heat Pump System
Sponsor
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Chair Opening Remarks Brian Stringer,National
secretary, British Drilling Association
Sponsor
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Duncan NicholsonDirector, Arup
Sponsor
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Geothermal Live 30 April 2008Session 2
Procuring and Specifying a GSHPPlanning and
Contracting Processes A Route Map for
Developers

• Duncan Nicholson Director Ove Arup
  and Partners

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Contents

• Legislation
• Planning legislation
• Importance of CO2
• RIBA (1998) Outline Plan of Work
• The Planning Stage
• Comparisons of different renewable technology
• PII Project
• GSHP compared with other renewables
• The Detailed Design Stage
• The Construction Stage

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Legislation

• Town and Country Planning Act (1990)
• Planning Permission
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Water Act
• Section 32 Consent (to drill and test a borehole)
• Abstraction Licence/ Discharge Consent
• Environmental Protection Act (1990)
• Control of Substance Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
• Construction (Design and Management) Regulations
  (CDM)
• Building Regs (Part L) Carbon Emissions

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Sources of CO2 Emissions

• Electricity - Power Station Emissions

Gas Boiler Emissions
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CO2 Emissions From An Office
Miscellaneous Electrical
Catering
Computer Rooms
Office Equipment
Regulated
Lighting
Fans and Pumps
Cooling
Heating and Hot Water
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UK Total Carbon Emission - 2006
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Carbon Emission Drivers

• Part L 2006
• The London Plan
• Code for Sustainable Homes
• Code for Sustainable Buildings

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London Plan Increase in 2008

• The Mayor will, and boroughs should, in their
  DPDs adopt a presumption that developments will
  achieve a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions
  of 20 from on site renewable energy generation

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Code for Sustainable Homes

• Introduced December 2006 as voluntary code
  replacing EcoHomes in England
• Owned by Dept for Communities and Local
  Government (DCLG)
• Live since April 2007

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Domestic Carbon Emission Targets
Part L
London Plan
Code 3
Code 4
Zero Carbon 2016
Code 6
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Code for Sustainable Buildings

• Initial research coordinated by UKGBC
• Proposals for timeline to Zero Carbon
• Government announced 2019 target for all
  buildings in 2008 Budget

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Commercial Carbon Emission Targets
Part L
London Plan
Zero Carbon 2019
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Plan of Work For Developers (RIBA, 1998)

• Stages
• Inception
• Feasibility
• Outline Proposals
• Scheme Design
• Detail Design
• Production Information
• Bills of Quantities
• Tender Action
• Project Planning
• Operations On Site
• Completion
• Monitoring

PLANNING STAGE
DETAILED DESIGN STAGE
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
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The Planning Stage RIBA Stages A to D
Large

• Understanding developer aspirations includes
  renewables!
• Feasibility study
• Preliminary designs
• Planning applications to Local Authority
• Broad range of disciplines
• Mechanical and electrical
• Building engineering
• Ground engineering / groundwater

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Low and Renewable Technologies Options

• Best design practice and beyond
• GSHP
• Biomass Boilers
• Photovoltaic Cells
• Wind Turbines
• Solar Water Heating
• Gas Fired CHP
• Biomass CHP

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Typical New BuildCarbon Emissions
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Typical New Build (2008)
Beyond Best Practice
Best Practice

• Change Expectations
• Natural Vent (mixed mode)
• Minimal cooling
• Reduced occupant energy demands

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Ground Source Heat Pumps
Best Practice

• Defined by GLA as Renewable
• Substantial improvement on heating and cooling
  efficiency
• Influence of electricity

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Reducing Carbon from Electrical Supply

• Current electricity to National Grid
• Coal fired power station 0.56kgCO2/kWhr
• Blended Supply 0.43kgCO2/kWhr
• 2025 estimate
• Blended Supply 0.2kgCO2/kWhr
• This would halve the carbon emissions
• The carbon tax could reduce the emissions to zero.

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Biomass Boilers
Best Practice
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• Biomass is Conditionally renewable
• Near zero carbon heat source
• Practical logistical implications

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Photovoltaic Cells
Best Practice

• Renewable Electricity from Sunlight
• Very high cost
• Often limited by available roof / façade area

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Wind Turbines
Best Practice

• Renewable Electricity from Wind
• Limited resource in urban areas
• Aesthetic issues

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Solar Water Heating
Best Practice
4

• Renewable heat from solar energy
• Impact limited to proportion of hot water
  generation
• Relies on central hot water storage

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Gas-fired CHP
Best Practice
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• Optimum use of fossil fuel (gas)
• Carbon savings compared with grid electricity
• Need to utilise heat limits impact

Power
Cooling
Heating
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Biomass CHP
Best Practice
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Renewable Technologies Cost Comparison
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Partners In Innovation ProjectComparison of GSHP
and Biomass

• Partners in Innovation Study - 2002 to 2005
• Ground Storage of Building Heat
  Energywww.arup.com/geotechnics
• Two Case Studies
• House Four bedroom
• Office Block Energy efficient
• Designs for Biomass and GSHP systems

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House
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House with radiatorsComparison with Gas Boiler

• Whole Life Costs For 15 yrs
• Biomass and GSHP are similar.

• /kgCO2 Saved Over 15 Year
• Comparison with gas.
• Biomass is twice as effective at saving carbon

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Low Energy Office
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Low Energy Office

• Whole Life Costs for 15 yrs
• Biomass Storage not included

• /kgCO2 Saved over 15 Years
• GSHP effective because of balanced heating and
  cooling

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Detailed Design Stage RIBA Stages E to G

• Site Investigation
• Developer establishes team to design works
• Team is multi discipline
• M and E
• Structural
• Geotechnical engineers
• Geothermal specialist
• Piling specialist
• Important to finalise structural and thermal
  requirements for building ASAP
• Develop GSHP solutions in emerging market

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The Detailed Design Stage
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Procurement Issues many skills

• Vertical Boreholes closed loops
• Loops designed by GSHP supplier and coordinates
  boreholes.
• Developed market - D and B basis.
• Energy Piles
• Piles designed by Consultant / Contractor.
• Pile designer Little experience with ground
  loop design.
• Link with GSHP supplier /designer M and E Eng ?
• Currently one piling contractor offering energy
  piles - Design via partner GSHP Supplier.
• Open Systems
• Wells designed by Consultant - Hydro-geologist.
• M and E Eng designs heat pump - Balance heat and
  cool.
• Well contractor builds wells GSHP supplier
  provides heat pump.

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The Construction Stage - RIBA Stages H to L

• Specifications international standards
• Tendering / Appointment - appropriate contractor
• Vertical Loops - GSHP supplier
• Energy Piles - Piling contractor coordinates
  GSPH supplier
• Open Systems -Separate Well contractor / Heat
  exchanger
• Project Planning and Operations On Site
• Integration with above ground construction
• Cooperation/ liaison with other contractors on
  site
• Completion
• Handover and briefing of developer/ building
  occupant on system controls
• Monitoring performance

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Conclusions

• Legislation
• Importance of Carbon emissions
• In Future driver is Zero Carbon
• RIBA (1998) Outline Plan of Work
• GSHP in Offices is more complex that Houses.
• The Planning Stage
• Comparisons of different renewable technology
• Balancing heating and cooling leads to efficiency
  
• PII Project
• The Detailed Design Stage
• How to link boreholes / energy piles open
  system designs
• The Construction Stage
• Strong specifications

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Thank you for your attentionAny Questions?
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(No Transcript)
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Low Energy Office - CFA pile Option - expensive
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Summary of Results
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Conclusions - Energy Modelling

• Carbon emission savings above 40 in all cases
• Structural pile sizes and lengths provide heat
  exchange capacity for all building except the
  Standard Office.
• Conclusions - Cost Modelling
• Large Annual Operating Cost Savings
• 20 - 50 depending upon building
• Significant Additional Capital Expenditure
• Driven Pre-cast piles Up tubes cast in to piles
  (Unproven)
• CFA Piles 4 x T40 base to install tubes
  (Doubles pile price)
• Currently no economic payback within 20 years
• Why is GSHP system used in other European
  countries?

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Part L

• Updated 2006
• Carbon reduction

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Session 2Procuring and Specifying a Ground
Source Heat Pump System
Sponsor
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Geothermal Live 2008
A Consulting Engineers Perspective of the
Geothermal Industry

• Keith Horsley - Associate
• Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers

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Introduction The four elements
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Hoare Lea

• Hoare Lea are a firm of Consulting Engineers
  specialising only in the design and inspection of
  Engineering Systems for Buildings.
• Hoare Lea is a partnership, wholly independent
  and owned by the Partners.
• 700 staff in 10 offices around the UK.
• Winner of the BSJ Large Consultancy of the year
  Award for the last 2 years and 4 times in the
  last 10 years.
• Work in most industry sectors. Particularly
  active in commercial, education, retail,
  residential and healthcare sectors.
• Actively engaged in the implementation of
  sustainable engineering solutions.

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Hoare Lea

• Ground Source Energy Systems Experience
• Completed Projects
• The National Forest Millennium Discovery Centre,
  East Midlands (completed 2001)
• Royal Veterinary College, Potters Bar (completed
  2003)
• Alexandra Park School, Haringey (completed 2004)
• Chelsea Building Society, Cheltenham (completed
  2007)
• Haybridge High School, Worcestershire (completed
  2007)
• Caerphilly County Borough Council, Tredomen
  (completed 2008)

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Hoare Lea

• Ground Source Energy Systems Experience
• Selection of projects currently on site or in
  detailed design
• One New Change, London
• Oxford University, Earth Sciences Building
• Bracknell Wokingham College
• Wandsworth Riverside Quarter, Phase 3
• Highbury College
• Bankside, Tate Modern
• Loughborough University Sports Park Development
• 2-20 Winchester Road, Camden

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Case Study Royal Veterinary College

• Client The Royal Veterinary College
• Architect Nicholas Hare Architects
• Contractor WatesThis 4,200m2, three-storey
  building acts as a gateway to the College,
  providing teaching space and housing the main
  administrative and IT functions, library and
  cafe.
• A sustainable low energy design approach was
  adopted. The building's environmental design
  works with the architecture and structure to
  reduce solar loads through engineering the
  building shape, orientation and facades, and
  exposing concrete soffits.
• Natural and displacement ventilation is used
  along with perimeter heating and archive close
  control air conditioning.

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Case Study Royal Veterinary College

• 50 x 100m deep vertical closed loop ground heat
  exchangers
• 500 kW capacity
• Reverse cycle heat pumps not available
  complicated valve arrangements to produce
  reversibility
• Producing chilled water (6/12c) for fresh air
  cooling (displacement ventilation with exposed
  concrete slab solution)
• Producing low temperature hot water (45/40c) for
  fresh air heating.
• Owner occupier with low energy agenda

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Case Study Chelsea Building Society

• Client Chelsea Building Society
• Project Manager Gleeds Management Services
• Architect Dyer Associates
• Contractor Moss Construction
• Winner Best Office of the Year, Building
  Services Awards
• Regional Winner - Corporate Workplace South of
  England, BCO Awards
• The Chelsea Building Societys 3-storey, 4,000m2
  headquarters comprises cellular and open-plan
  offices, a call centre, training suite,
  restaurant, break out rooms and a state of the
  art computer operations facility.
• Key features include ground source heat pumps and
  comfort cooling provided via displacement
  ventilation with passive chilled beams. Extensive
  zonal control for temperature and lighting
  ensures efficient energy use, and a SUDS drainage
  system is provided to the external areas of the
  building. Passive design features incorporated
  include external south-facing brise soliel and
  neutral, low e solar control glazing to
  minimise solar heat gain in summer, whilst
  maximising daylight.

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Case Study Chelsea Building Society

• 120 x 100m deep vertical closed loop ground heat
  exchangers serving two buildings
• Supplemented by dry air cooler
• 1000 kW heating capacity, 600 kW cooling capacity
• Producing chilled water (6/12c) for fresh air
  cooling, fan coil units and chilled beams
• Producing low temperature hot water (45/40c) for
  fresh air heating

• Owner occupier who wanted a green building to
  sell relocation to their staff

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Case Study Caerphilly County Borough Council

• A new corporate headquarters building for
  Caerphilly County Borough Council providing
  13000m2 of office space over 5 floors and
  including a council chamber, kitchen, restaurant,
  registrar suite, FM and communications room.

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Case Study Caerphilly County Borough Council

• 120 x100m deep vertical closed loop ground heat
  exchangers
• 1130kw heating capacity
• 722kw cooling capacity
• Producing chilled water ( 6/11º C) for fresh air
  cooling and fan coil units
• Producing low temperature hot water (45/40º) for
  fresh air heating and underfloor heating

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Existing high school site
• Expansion to accommodate two additional year
  groups
• New 18-classroom faculty building
• New central administration building (replacing
  existing, demolished) containing ICT suite,
  library, multi-use hall, dining area.

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Conversion and extension of existing classroom
  block into sixth form centre
• Extension to science block
• Extension to design technology block
• Extensive underground services diversions
• Central plant upgrades
• Construction cost 14M

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley
Client Worcestershire County
Council Architect Nicholas Hare
Architects Engineering Systems Consulting
Engineer Hoare Lea Civil Structural
Engineer Price Myers Cost Consultant Turn
er Townsend Project Manager Gleeds Main
Contractor Miller Construction Mechanical
Electrical Installer CA Sothers Ground Source
Energy System Specialist Contractor Geothermal
International
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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley
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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley
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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• 14 vertical closed loop heat exchangers, between
  70-100m deep
• 100 kW cooling capacity, 70 kW heating capacity
• Generating chilled water at 6c for cooling ICT
  suite via fan coil units
• Generating low temperature hot water at 50c for
  underfloor heating, also some fan coil units and
  fresh air heating coils

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• No renewables contribution requirement imposed
  by planning authority
• Pre-2006 Building Regulations Part L
• But WCC brief called for energy efficient systems
• WCC already familiar with technology

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• GSES justified on payback (approx. 9 years)
• Cooling-led strategy, provides entire cooling
  requirement of ICT suite
• Avoided need for external heat rejection plant

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Cooling needed to be operational in time for
  occupation of main building
• Existing main building could not be demolished
  until new main building occupied
• Borehole field to go underneath footprint of
  existing main building
• Temporary dry cooler provided so heat pumps could
  be commissioned before boreholes drilled

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley
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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Meant that drilling took place in close proximity
  to completed building
• ... and was one of the last operations on site
  rather than one of the first.

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Drinking water extraction borehole
• Liaison with EA
• Water companys concerns
• Client agreed to additional measures to protect
  drinking water supply
• Disposal of water produced by drilling process

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Disposal of water produced by drilling process

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Case Study Haybridge High School, Hagley

• Change in strata encountered at 70m on part of
  site two additional boreholes required
• Commissioning of sliding header arrangement
  controls required close liaison between GSES
  specialist, ME contractor, controls specialist
  and consulting engineer

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The ME Consulting Engineers Perspective

• Step change in prevalence of technology on
  projects in last 12-24 months
• Drivers
• New Part L
• Renewables contribution requirements of local
  authorities
• Increased confidence as technology becomes more
  established in UK
• Relatively small number of established
  contractors. Selection of contractor may restrict
  choice of heat pump
• Specialist contractors are valuable source of
  design advice

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The ME Consulting Engineers Perspective

• Need to appoint specialist contractor early as
  their design impacts on the sub-structure
• but ME often not sufficiently advanced at
  this stage for whole GSES package to be priced
• Demarcation of design responsibility needs to be
  made clear at the outset
• Demarcation of installation responsibility needs
  to be made clear at the outset and interfaces
  defined
• Specialist contractors position in the
  contractual chain needs to be considered

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The ME Consulting Engineers Perspective

• What level of specification is appropriate? What
  information should specification contain?
• Specialist GSES contractor familiarity with
  consultants standard specifications
• Problems in the ground not previously a
  concern of ME engineers now they are!
• Who takes the risk?
• Drill test borehole where possible

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The ME Consulting Engineers Perspective

• Where possible, keep boreholes away from
  completed / occupied buildings (and off critical
  path)
• Importance of commissioning and controls
• How to prove specified performance is achieved?

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• Thank you for your attention

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Session 2Procuring and Specifying a Ground
Source Heat Pump System
Sponsor
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Working with DrillersThe Procurement
Specification and Commissioning of Drilling
Services for Commercial Closed Loop Systems

• Andy Howley
• Director Loopmaster Europe Ltd
• Geothermal Live 30th April 2008

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Preamble

• Andy Howley Who am I?

• LoopMaster ( Europe ) Ltd Who are we?

• 3rd Generation Drilling Contractor starting in
  the family business in late 70s early 80s and
  running the business with Iain Howley by mid to
  late 80s latterly moving into design consultancy

• Design, Project Management Consultancy for Open
  and Closed loop commercial installations

• Currently working in India, Middle East, Mainland
  Europe, Eire and United Kingdom

• Member of IGSPHA, ASHRAE and BDA IGSHPA trained
  in commercial and domestic ground source array
  design and system installation

• Member of GSHPA Council, Chairman of GSHPA
  Training Standards Committee and Ground Loop
  Working Group

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Agenda

• Design Installation Timescales for commercial
  closed loop installations

• Specification What to include ?

• Due Diligence What should I ask the drillers ?

• The Donts

• The Dos

• Summary

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Design Installation Timescales
Things to Consider

• This may, in some cases, require a complete
  re-think of the heating and cooling design process

• Have the loop field design in place months before
  the drillers are engaged

• The design process should be commenced at the
  energy strategy stage for planning, maybe even
  earlier.

Dont Guess !!

• Do I need any drilling consents or permissions

Its worth it !!!

• What is the likely drilling programme ask
  experienced contractors or consultants

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Specification What to Include

• Pre-Construction Information CDM 2007

• Services Information Reg 10

• Contamination or other hazards

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Specification What to Include

• Anything that can effect the buildability and the
  price as a result

• Site Conditions !!

• Access !!

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Specification What to Include

• Anything that can effect the Design Performance

• Grout Thermal Conductivity !!

• Thermo-Loop Diameter Borehole Spacing etc

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Specification What to Include

• Anything that can effect the quality control

9 Joints factory fused ? pressure tested ?
2 Joints factory fused and pressure tested
Shaped to fit into a hole !!!

• I Doubt it !!!!

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Specification What to Include

• Who pays who, when and how

• Conditions of Contract DOM 1 or 2, JCT or even a
  simple letter exchange, etc.

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Due Diligence What to Ask the Drillers

• What experience has the contractor got in the
  geothermal field ?

One of these ?

• What type of rigs do they run ?

Or one of these ?
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Due Diligence What to Ask the Drillers

• What type of grouters do they run ?

Or one of these ?
One of these ?
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Due Diligence What to Ask the Drillers

• What qualifications have the drillers got ?

• As a minimum they should be CSCS card holders and
  registered for the NVQ in land based drilling

• They should also be registered with the BDA Audit
  scheme to ensure that they remain competent.

• If they are headering and fusing etc they should
  have been suitably trained and be able to provide
  their certification

• If they have a telehandler on site they need a
  ticket for that too !!!!

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The Donts

• Dont let your fingers do the walking and just
  take a driller from the yellow pages

• Dont compromise on materials !!!

• Dont engage the drillers based on a few phone
  calls

• Dont get the drillers on site and then start to
  agree terms and conditions

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The Dos

• Get the outline design in place early on and
  refine it to final design before you engage with
  the drillers.

• Write a tight specification so there is little
  doubt what the drillers have to do and to what
  standard

• Ensure that the quality of the installation is
  checked throughout the entire process, including
  materials being used and regular flow and
  pressure tests

• There are bespoke materials and equipment for
  closed loop Ground Source Heating and Cooling
  systems..Use them !!

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Summary

• Start the design process as soon as possible

• Start discussions with contractors or consultants
  early

• Get the specification completed..early !

What do you get ?

• A good quality, verifiable installation,
  installed to the design, safely, on time and
  hopefully on budget.

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Thanks for Listening Andy Howley Loopmaster
Europe Ltd 0870 609 1606 www.loopmastereurope.co.u
k
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Session 2Procuring and Specifying a Ground
Source Heat Pump System
Sponsor
95
Coffee Break
Sponsor