A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

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A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

• Invited Talk
• Grid on the Go Workshop
• NCSA
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Urbana, IL
• May 21, 2001

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The Emerging Planetary Scale Grid

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime
• Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses
• Vast Increase in Internet End Points
• Embedded Processors
• Sensors and Actuators
• Information Appliances
• Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber
• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer
• Storage of Data Everywhere
• Scalable Computing Power

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The Next Wave of the Internet Will Extend IP
Throughout the Physical World
This is the Research Context for the California
Institute for Telecommunications and Information
Technology
Materials and Devices Team, UCSD
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UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute
for Telecommunications and Information Technology

• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers
• Layered Structure
• Materials and Devices
• Networked Infrastructure
• Interfaces and Software
• Strategic Applications
• Policy
• New Funding Model (4 Years)
• State 100M
• Industry 140M
• Private 30 M
• Campus 30M
• Federal 100-200M
• Total 400-500M
• One of Four Awarded

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The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure

• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure
• Bottom Up
• Completely Decentralized
• Self-Assembling
• Use at Your Own Risk
• Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment
• Examples
• NSFnet?Internet
• NCSA Mosaic?Web
• Napster?Peer-to-Peer Storage
• SETI_at_home?Peer-to-Peer Computing
• IEEE 802.11?Broadband Wireless Internet

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Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Create Wireless Internet Watering Holes
• Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains
• Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps
• Security and Authentication can be Added
• But, it is Shared and Local
• Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools?
• MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major
  Hotels, Restaurants,
• UCSDCampus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops

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The High PerformanceWireless Research and
Education Network

• Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering
  Experiment
• Add New Science Sensor Arrays
• Instrument Civil Infrastructure
• Try Out New Wireless Technologies
• Data Analysis
• Outreach and Education

NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI,
Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone
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Roadmap to 3rd Generation Wireless (3G)

• Huge Capital Investments Already Made
  (Particularly in Europe)
• More Investments Required for Spectrum
• Differential Roll-Out Around the World

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High Data Rate (HDR)A 2.5G Bridge to the Future

• Qualcomms High Data Rate (HDR)
• Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream
• Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down
• Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data
• Can Share Existing CDMA Deployed Infrastructure
• Can be Installed in Current Cell Phones, Laptops,
  etc.
• CDMA2000, High Rate Packet Data Air Interface
  Spec.
• Telecommunications Industry Assoc. Spec.
  TIA/EIA/IS-856
• Also known as 1xEV
• Based on HDR
• UCSD/CalIT2 Has HDR Antennas Deployed Working
• Testbed for Wide Area Broadband Wireless
• Use as WAN to 802.11 LAN

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HDR Provides an Early View of Broadband Wireless
Internet
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New Software Environments for Wireless
Application Development

• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
• Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets
• Middleware Between
• the Application and the Chip System Source Code
• Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK)
• Native C/C applications will run most
  efficiently,
• Supports Integration of Java Applications
• Different Model of Security from JAVA

www.qualcomm.com/brew/
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Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as
Planned?

• The Economics of Telecom
• The Huge Debt Load
• The Investment in 3G Buildout
• Is There a Business Case to Recoup?     
• Technological Breakouts
• IEEE 802.11 Buildout
• Will It Skim the Cream off 3G?        
• 2.5G Can Deploy Now (Sprint PCS)
• Will 3G Standardize in Europe, Asia, US?        

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Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic
Research Discipline
Center for Wireless Communications
Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty
ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY
COMMUNICATION THEORY
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End
QoS Hand-Off
Changing Environment Protocols Multi-Resolution
RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials
Modulation Channel Coding Multiple
Access Compression
Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays
Source UCSD CWC
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Creating Tiny and Inexpensive Wireless Internet
Sensors Combining
Fluids
Stresses and Strains
0.1 mm
Optics and Lasers
UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility
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Integrating MEMS Sensors With Computing,
Storage, Communication
Source Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
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As Our Bodies Move On-LineBioengineering and
Bioinformatics Merge

• New SensorsIsraeli Video Pill
• Battery, Light, Video Camera
• Images Stored on Hip Device
• Next StepPutting You On-Line!
• Wireless Internet Transmission
• Key Metabolic and Physical Variables
• Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors /
  Actuators Inside of our Cars
• Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine
• Combine
• Genetic Code
• Body Data Flow
• Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com
www.bodymedia.com
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Wireless Sensors Will Allow Instrumentation of
Critical Civil Infrastructure
New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links
Cal-(IT)2 Will Develop and Install Wireless
Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management
Control Rooms
Source UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
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The Perfect Storm Convergence of Engineering
with BioMed, Physics, IT
Requires New Clean Room Facilities
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Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics
Source Shaya Fainman, UCSD
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Why the Grid is the Future
Scientific American, January 2001
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The UCSD Living Grid LaboratoryFiber,
Wireless, Compute, Data, Software
Source Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC
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Near Term GoalBuild an International Lambda Grid

• Establish PACI High Performance Network
• SDSC to NCSA LambdaNet for DTF
• Link to
• State Dark Fiber
• Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks
• Campus Optical Grids
• International Optical Research Networks
• NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For
• Scientific Applications
• Network Research

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Optically Linked High Resolution Data Analysis
and Crisis Management Facilities

• Large-Scale Immersive Displays
• Panoram Technology
• Fiber Links Between SIO, SDSC, SDSU
• Cox Communication
• Optical Switching
• TeraBurst Networks
• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications
• Seismic and Civil Infrastructure
• Water Environmental System
• Integrate Access Grid for Collaboration

SDSC
SIO
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Attack of the Killer MicrosFrom Vector SMPs to
Intel Clusters
IBM SP
TMC CM-5
RISC Processors
Time
Linux Clusters
Intel Processors
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Peer-to-Peer Computing and StorageIs a
Transformational Technology
The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing
signifies a revolution in connectivity that will
be as profound to the Internet of future as
Mosaic was to the Web of the past. Patrick
Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.
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Grid Computing (Condor) For Quantum Monte Carlo
Materials Codes
Output
Input
Condor
...
Clone 1
Clone M
Clone 2

• Pool of Workstations Condor Carries Out the
  Management, Distribution, Monitoring and
  Checkpointing
• Very Coarse-Grain Parallelism Parameter Scans,
  Independent Searches, Monte Carlo
• Each Clone Independent Random Number Streams -
  Grand Averages Evaluated at the Very End

UW Pool 800 Workstations Www.Cs.Wisc.Edu/condor
NCSA/BI Pool 40 Workstations - Capable of
Providing Free 9000 SGI CPU- Hours Per Month
Torelli, Mitas, Nano Team Livny, UW Madison
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Entropias Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop
in Only Two Years
The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search
(GIMPS) Found the First Million Digit
Prime www.entropia.com
Eight 1000p IBM Blue Horizons
Deployed in Over 80 Countries
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SETI_at_home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing
Could Grow to Megacomputers

• Running on 500,000 PCs, 1000 CPU Years per Day
• Over Half a Million CPU Years so far!
• 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7
• Sophisticated Data Signal Processing Analysis
• Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope

Arecibo Radio Telescope
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Extending the Grid to Planetary Dimensions Using
Distributed Computing and Storage
AutoDock Application Software Has Been Downloaded
to Over 20,000 PCs Nearly 3 Million CPU-Hours
Computed
In Silico Drug Design
Art Olson, TSRI
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Monte Carlo Cellular Microphysiology From IBM
Blue Horizon to the Grid

• PROJECT LEADERS
• Francine D. Berman
• UC San Diego
• Terrence J. Sejnowski
• Salk Institute for Biological Studies
• PARTICIPANTS
• Dorian ArnoldJack DongarraRichard Wolski
• University of Tennessee
• Thomas M. BartolLin-Wei Wu
• Salk Institute for Biological Studies
• Henri CasanovaMark H. EllismanMaryann Martone
• UC San Diego

Rendered by Tom Bartol of the Salk Institute for
Biological Studies Joel Stiles of Cornell
University using Pixar PhotoRealistic RenderMan

• Neurotransmitter Activity
• Leading to Muscle Contraction
• MCell Simulated
• The Transmission of 6,000 Molecules of the
  Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Cyan Specks)
• In a Reconstructed Mouse Sternomastoid
  Neuromuscular Junction
• Containing Acetylcholinesterase (White
  Spheres).

www.npaci.edu/envision/v16.4/mcell.html
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The Emerging Planetary Supercomputer

• Napster Meets SETI_at_Home
• Distributed Computing and Storage
• Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years
• Average Speed Ten Gigaflop
• Average Free Storage 100 GB
• Planetary Computer Capacity
• 100 Petaflop Speed
• 1 Exabyte Storage
• Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for
  Mobile Clients