Whats So Important About The Equus Beds Aquifer

1
Whats So Important About The Equus Beds
Aquifer?
Equus Beds Groundwater Management
District 313 Spruce Street Halstead, Kansas
67056-1925 Phone - 316 835-2224 Fax - 316
835-2225 E-mail - equusbeds_at_gmd2.org
2
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective
• The Equus Beds Aquifer
• Water Protection Activities
• Water Protection Issues
• Closing Thoughts . . . . . .

3
Global Water Supply

• World Oceans - 317,000,000 Mi3 97.2
• Lakes , Inland seas, Rivers, Soil, Groundwater,
  Ice caps and Glaciers - 9,100,000 Mi3 2.8
• Groundwater 2,000 Mi3 0.61
• Water consumers - 6.7 billion people and growing

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59
Europe
North America
12
18
Asia
Africa
Global Water Use
6
South America
Australia
4
1
5
United States daily usage 100 billion gallons/day
Kansas
6
Daily usage 5.7 billion gallons
Kansas
Base Map Kansas Geological Survey
7
Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No. 2
Kansas
Daily usage 140.5 million gallons
Base Map Kansas Geological Survey
8
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
McPherson

• 55 wells
• 36 million gallons/day
• 40,000 acre-feet/year

Wichita water supply well
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Other municipal water supply well
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Harvey
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Wichita
Sedgwick
Location Map of Municipal Water Supply
Wells Total Number of Wells 275
9
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
McPherson
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Sedgwick
Location Map of Irrigation Wells Total Number of
Wells 1,800
10
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
McPherson
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Sedgwick
Location Map of Industrial Wells Total Number of
Wells 165
11
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
Equus Beds Average Annual Use
Baseflow - 6,500,000,000 gallons Municipal -
17,280,204,381 gallons Irrigation -
25,390,635,771 gallons Industrial - 7,970,967,162
gallons
Average annual use - 57,772,654,850 gallons
12
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective

13
Extent of High Plains Aquifer in Kansas
Daily usage 3.9 billion gallons
Ogallala
70 of States usage
Ogallala
Equus Beds
Big Bend
Ogallala
Base Map Kansas Geological Survey
14
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective
• The Equus Beds Aquifer

15
Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of
the Equus Beds Aquifer
Evaporation 52 to 56
Rainfall 30 yr.
Wells, Rivers Pits 58 billion gallons
Unsaturated zone
Recharge 3 to 6 130 billion gallons
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle
and the Equus Beds Aquifer
16
Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of
the Equus Beds Aquifer
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
17
Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of
the Equus Beds Aquifer
Sand
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
18
Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of
the Equus Beds Aquifer
Air
Sand
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
19
Groundwater Overview Geology and Hydrology of
the Equus Beds Aquifer
Air
Sand
Water
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
20
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
Groundwater recharge from percolating rain
Air
Sand
Water
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
21
Geology and Hydrology of the Equus Beds Aquifer
Groundwater pollution from surface contaminates
Air
Sand
Sensitive Groundwater Area
Water
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
22
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective
• The Equus Beds Aquifer
• Water Protection Activities

23
Equus Beds Groundwater Management
District Established 1975

• Purpose
• Manage the Equus Beds aquifer
• Balance groundwater discharge with recharge
• Prevent groundwater mining
• Protect natural water quality
• Remediate groundwater contamination

Kansas
Size - 1,406 square miles (larger than the state
of Rhode Island) Location - South-central Kansas
(Reno, Harvey, McPherson Sedgwick
Counties) Population - 550,000
24
Groundwater Management Districts Local
Management of Water Issues
State and Federal Water Agencies
Division of Water Resources
Kansas Water Office
Kansas Geological Survey
Kansas Corporation Commission
Kansas Dept Health Environment
Bureau of Reclamation
US Geological Survey
Board of Directors Groundwater Management District
Aquifer Management Program
Local Water Supply and Water Quality Issues
Public
Municipal
Industry
Domestic
Land Owners
Agriculture
Other Users
Counties
25
Groundwater Management Activities

• Data Collection

26
Kansas Geological Survey - WIZARD http//magellan.
kgs.ku.edu/WaterLevels/index.html

• Maintains nearly 550 water level monitoring
  wells
• Collects 2,000 to 3,000 measurements annually
• Maintains historical water level records to
  1975
• Available to local, state and federal
  agencies public

27
Groundwater Level Changes in the Equus Beds
Aquifer January 2006-2007
Prepared By Equus Beds Groundwater Management
District No. 2
28
Groundwater Level Changes in the Equus Beds
Aquifer January 2007-2008
Prepared By Equus Beds Groundwater Management
District No. 2
29
300 to 500 WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED ANNUALY
30
Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No.
2 Groundwater Monitoring Site Map
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3
3
3
3
3
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3
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3
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3
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3
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3
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3
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3
3
3
3
3
Groundwater Monitoring Site
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
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3
3
3
3
3
3
3
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3
31
Equus Beds Groundwater Management
DistrictGroundwater Quality Monitoring Network
Groundwater Monitoring Site
A
B
C
Upper
Clay
Equus Beds aquifer
Middle
Clay
Lower
Bedrock
32
Equus Beds GMD2Chloride Concentrations
inGroundwater Monitoring Site EB8
33
Burrton
Equus Beds Aquifer Upper Zone Chloride
Concentrations Burrton IGUCA
34
Burrton
Equus Beds Aquifer Middle Zone Chloride
Concentrations Burrton IGUCA
35
Burrton
Equus Beds Aquifer Lower Zone Chloride
Concentrations Burrton IGUCA
36
Automated Data Collection Platforms (DCP)
Global Position System (GPS)
37
(No Transcript)
38
EQUUS BEDS GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT NO.
2Annual Precipitation, 2003 - 2007
39
EQUUS BEDS GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT NO.
22007 Monthly Precipitation
40
EQUUS BEDS GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT NO.
2Total Reported Groundwater Use, 1986-2006
41
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective
• The Equus Beds Aquifer
• Water Protection Activities
• Water Protection Issues

42
Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No.
2Groundwater Management Issues
Septic Waste Disposal
MCPHERSON
Recharge rate exceeded
Oil Field Brine
3
Unregulated groundwater pits
3
HARVEY
RENO
Natural Salinity
3
City landfill expansion
3
SEDGWICK
Nitrate
Prepared by Equus Beds Groundwater Management
District No. 2 \msoffice\overhead\weather.ppt
43
Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No.
2 Special Management Areas
McPherson
hwy56
hwy61
Intensive Groundwater Use Special Water Quality
Areas
Harvey
Reno
hwy50
I135
hwy14
hwy96
Enhanced Well Spacing Area
Sedgwick
hwy17
Cheney Lake
hwy54
Prepared By Equus Beds GMD2
44
Groundwater Management Issues
45
Equus Beds Groundwater Management District No.
2 Special Management Area
McPherson
hwy56
Intensive Groundwater Use Control Area
hwy61
Harvey
Reno
hwy50
I135
hwy14
hwy96
Sedgwick
hwy17
Cheney Lake
hwy54
Prepared By Equus Beds GMD2
46
Mc Pherson Intensive Groundwater Use Control Area

• Established March 28, 1980
• Fifty-six square mile area
• Over-developed with declining groundwater level
• Management practices included
• closing the area to any further appropriations
• dismissing all prior applications
• metering all non domestic wells
• submitting status report to chief engineer

47
Mc Pherson Intensive Groundwater Use Control Area
48
McPherson Intensive Groundwater Use Control Area
49
Groundwater Management Issues

• Water Budget
• Safe-yield
• vs.
• Depletion

50
Water Budget
Depletion - discharge greater than recharge
Wells, evaporation, baseflow
Rainfall
Evaporation 52 to 56
Recharge
gt300 to lt10
Declining Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
600 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle
and the Equus Beds Aquifer
51
Water Budget
Depletion - discharge greater than recharge
Wells, evaporation, baseflow
Rainfall
Evaporation 52 to 56
Recharge
gt300 to lt10
Declining Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
600 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle
and the Equus Beds Aquifer
52
Water Budget
Depletion - discharge greater than recharge
Wells, evaporation, baseflow
Rainfall
Evaporation 52 to 56
Recharge
gt300 to lt10
Declining Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
600 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle
and the Equus Beds Aquifer
53
Water Budget
Depletion - discharge greater than recharge
Wells, evaporation, baseflow
Rainfall
Evaporation 52 to 56
Recharge
Less than
gt100 to lt10
Declining Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
300 to lt50
Bedrock
54
Water Budget
Ogallala aquifer Southwest Kansas
55
Water Budget
Safe-yield - discharge less than or equal to
recharge
Wells, evaporation, baseflow
Rainfall
Evaporation 52 to 56
Recharge
gt300 to lt10
Stable water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
600 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Illustration of the Hydrologic Cycle
and the Equus Beds Aquifer
56
Water Budget
Equus Beds aquifer South-central Kansas
57
Safe Yield Regulation - Effective 1980
Two-mile radius evaluation area
Recharge 4,021 af/yr
2
3
S
0
1
W
2
9
2
3
S
0
1
W
3
0
2
3
S
0
2
W
2
5
2
3
S
0
2
W
2
6
2
3
S
0
2
W
2
7
W
2
9
2
3
S
0
2
W
2
8

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
ð

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
ð

T

T

T

T
2
3
S
0
1
W
3
2
2
3
S
0
1
W
3
1
2
3
S
0
2
W
3
6
2
3
S
0
2
W
3
5
2
3
S
0
2
W
3
4
2
3
S
0
2
W
3
3
W
3
2

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
Halstead

T

T

T
GMD recommends to DWR that permit application is
denied

T
ð

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
2
4
S
0
1
W
0
5

T

T
2
4
S
0
2
W
0
1
2
4
S
0
1
W
0
6
2
4
S
0
2
W
0
2
2
4
S
0
2
W
0
3
2
4
S
0
2
W
0
4
W
0
5
Discharge 8,819 af/yr

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
ð

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
2
4
S
0
1
W
0
8
2
4
S
0
1
W
0
7
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
1
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
2
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
0
2
4
S
0
2
W
0
9

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
ð

T
ð

T

T

T

T

T

T
2
4
S
0
1
W
1
7
2
4
S
0
1
W
1
8
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
3

T

T
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
4
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
5
2
4
S
0
2
W
1
6

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T
Nondomestic withdraws
Proposed nondomestic well
58
Time Line
Development
Safe Yield
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater
Management
59
Time Line
Development
Safe Yield
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater
Management
60
Time Line
!
!
!
!
Development
Safe Yield
!
!
!
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!
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!
!
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!
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!
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!
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!
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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!
!
!
!
!
Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater
Management
61
Time Line
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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Development
Safe Yield
!
!
!
!
!
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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!
!
!
!
!
Groundwater Development vs.. Groundwater
Management
62
Time Line
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Development
Safe Yield
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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!
!
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
!
!
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Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater
Management
63
Time Line
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Safe Yield
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Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater
Management
64
Time Line
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Safe Yield
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Groundwater Development vs. Groundwater
Management
65
Ogallala aquifer Discharge exceeds recharge
Equus Beds aquifer Discharge is less than or
equal to recharge
66
Thomas County - Township 8 Range 33
Water level data for the period from 1940 to
2008, indicate the Ogallala aquifer is being
actively mined
Scott County - Township 18 Range 33

• Regional Trend

Grant County - Township 28 Range 38
Data source - Kansas Geological Survey
67
Water level data for the period from 1939 to
2008, indicate the Equus Beds aquifer is not
being actively mined
McPherson County - Township 19 Range 3
Harvey County - Township 23 Range 2
Reno County - Township 24 Range 5

• Regional Trend

Sedgwick County - Township 25 Range 3
Data source - Kansas Geological Survey
68
Groundwater Management Issues

• Groundwater Pits

69
Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits
Unsaturated zone (protective barrier)
Equus Beds Aquifer
70
Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits
Quantity and Quality Issues
80 to 100 acre sand pit
Equus Beds Aquifer
71
Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits
Quantity Issue
Total groundwater pit development in the Equus
Beds
Net annual evaporation loss about two billion
gallons
2,500 acres groundwater pit
Equus Beds Aquifer
Groundwater Discharge
72
Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits
Quality Issue
Untreated urban and rural storm water run off
Contains contaminates that can degrade and
pollute the quality of the Equus Beds aquifer
groundwater pit
Equus Beds Aquifer
73
Groundwater Management Issues Groundwater Pits
Legislators Mandated Groundwater Pit Study - 2004
Water Quality Protection - Prohibit discharge
or - Treat discharge
groundwater pit
High Plains Aquifer
74
Groundwater Management Issues

• Septic Waste Disposal

75
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
76
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Equals
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
77
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Equals
40 to 45 gallons/day/person or 65,700
gallons/yr/household of 4
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
78
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Unsaturated zone
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
79
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Means removing sinkers and floaters from waste
stream
Pre-Treatment
Unsaturated zone
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
80
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Disposal
Unsaturated zone
Lateral Lines
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
81
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Disposal
Means discharging the waste stream directly in
the unsaturated zone
Unsaturated zone
Lateral Lines
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
82
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Disposal
Evapotranspiration
Unsaturated zone
Lateral Lines
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
83
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Disposal
Infiltration
Unsaturated zone
Lateral Lines
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
84
Septic Waste Disposal and Groundwater Protection
A 50 unit 100 acre housing addition may produce
up to 3,000,000 gallons annually, a volume equal
to covering a football field in 12 feet of waste
effluent each year
Water Supply Well
Waste Production
Pre-Treatment
Disposal
Infiltration
Unsaturated zone
Lateral Lines
Septic Tank
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Contains nitrates, fecal bacteria, viruses,
cleaning solvents
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
85
Groundwater Management Issues

• Landfills

86
McPherson County
Area Landfills
Little
McPherson
Arkansas
Buhler
Harvey County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Reno County
Cheney
Wichita
Sedgwick County
87
Landfills and Groundwater Protection
Mt Trash More
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
88
Landfills and Groundwater Protection
Mt Trash More
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
89
Groundwater Management Issues

• Waste Lagoons

90
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
91
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
92
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
93
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
94
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
95
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
96
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
97
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
98
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Public Water Supply Well
Unlined Lagoon (one acre)
Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
99
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Contaminated - Public Water Supply Well

• Increase Cost - Treat or Move Well

Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
100
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Contaminated - Public Water Supply Well

• Increase Cost - Treat or Move Well

• Decrease - User Confidence

Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
101
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection
Contaminated - Public Water Supply Well

• Increased Costs - Treat or Move Well

• Decrease - User Confidence

• Increase - State/Federal Requirements

Unsaturated zone
gt100 to lt10
1/8 day 1.2 million gallons/year
Water table
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
102
Generalized Geohydrology Waste Storage Pond Site
Prepared byEquus Beds Groundwater Management
District No. 2June 26, 2002
Illustration not to scale
Unit Thickness
KDHE Maximum Allowed Seepage Rate 1/4 day or
5,430 gallons per day K-State Average Seepage
Rate 1/22 day or 987 gallons per day
USCS Classification
CL-CH
5.7
CL/SC
1.2
SM
1.6
20
Separation 11.9
SP
6.9
SP/CL
0.9
17.4 Water Table
CL
3.7
Equus Beds aquifer
Data Source - Test Core 2 - Natural Resources
Conservation Service Test Core 2
Water Table - Equus Beds Groundwater
Management District No. 2
E\presentation\harner.ppt
103
Waste Lagoons and Groundwater Protection

• Groundwater Protection Practices
• Establish Sensitive Groundwater Areas
• Require liners in SGA
• Minimum separation
• Monitoring wells as needed

Lagoon
gt100 to lt10
Equus Beds Aquifer
gt300 to lt50
Bedrock
Generalized Cross-section of the Equus Beds
Aquifer
104
Groundwater Management Issues

• Aquifer Storage and Recovery
• (groundwater recharge)

105
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
Prior to 1930s Equus Beds aquifer and rivers in
hydrologic balance.
Wichita
Sedgwick County
106
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
Burrton oil field discovered in 1930s.
Saltwater disposal methods polluted over 35
square miles of Equus Beds aquifer.
Wichita
Sedgwick County
107
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
1940 to 1980 - Portions of the Equus Beds aquifer
were dewatered up to 30 feet. The hydrologic
balance between the aquifer and rivers is altered
along with the oil field brine contamination .
Wichita
Sedgwick County
108
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
Reports of saltwater pollution north of Ark River
and near Burrton received by GMD2. Groundwater
study launched by GMD2, federal and state
agencies.
Wichita
Sedgwick County
109
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
In part the study found 1) depletion changed
the safe-yield balance and decreased baseflow of
the Little Ark, 2) increased movement of oil
field brine and 3) induced surface water from Ark
river into Equus Beds aquifer.
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
Wichita
Sedgwick County
110
McPherson County
North
Little
McPherson
Depletion area
Saline water
Arkansas
Harvey County
Reno County
Arkansas
Hutchinson
River
Newton
River
Ninnescah
N Fork
Cheney
Two water issues one common solution.
Water Supply Deficit by 2015
Wichita
Sedgwick County
111
Generalized cross section of the Equus Beds
aquifer discharging (baseflow) to the rivers.
Annual baseflow is approximately 6.5 billion
gallons.
Water table
River stage at baseflow
Groundwater flow direction
Equus Beds Aquifer
112
Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project - ASR
Water table
Little Arkansas River
Above baseflow stage
Baseflow stage
Bank storage
Equus Beds Aquifer
113
Groundwater Monitoring Site - EB143 Hydrograph,
August 2003-July 2004
Bank Storage Event
Sep 03 Nov 03
Jan 04 Mar 04 May
04 Jul 04
EB143A Depth 59 feet
114
Aquifer Storage and Recovery Project - ASR
To Recharge facility
Conjunctive Use Natural Artificial Recharge
Bank storage well
Water table
Little Arkansas River
Above baseflow stage
Baseflow stage
Bank storage
Equus Beds Aquifer
115
Recharge Credits Aquifer Storage Recovery Well
From Bank storage well
Recharge Well
Recharge Trench
Recharge Basin
Recharged water table
Basin Storage Area
Basin Storage Loss
Bench mark water table
Capture Zone
Aquifer Storage
Aquifer Storage Recovery System (ASR)
116

• Aquifer Storage
• and Recovery
• System Map

N
Figure 1.
Bank Storage Wells Surface Intake
Aquifer Storage and Recover Wells
117
Withdraw
Injection
Figure 9. Example of Construction Design
for Recharge and Recovery Well
118
N
RRW1 App 45576

IW02


transmission pipeline

Burrton IGUCA




EB17
RRW2 App 45568









IW05
EB16


RRW3 App 45567
ASR well Non-domestic well or
appropriation Domestic well
Monitoring well







119





















N








































U

















U

U







































































Application No. 45576

















U











U


U















































































































U




Application No. 45568

















U


U

U


























































































Application No. 45567















U






U

U







U











U

U

































U



















































U










U










U



U


U











middle
upper

Upper saltwater contamination plume
Middle saltwater contamination plume
Lower saltwater contamination plume
River gage Bank storage well and
Surface Intake Aquifer storage and
recovery well Non-domestic well or
baseflow node Monitoring well















lower









U












U

U

U


U















U


















U


U






















U
















120
N
Application No. 45576
Application No. 45568
middle
lower
Application No. 45567
upper
Application No. 46081
Recharge Basin
121
N
Application No. 45576
upper
Application No. 45568
lower
Application No. 45567
Application No. 46081
middle
Recharge Basin
122
N
Application No. 45576
upper
Application No. 45568
middle
Application No. 45567
Hydraulic Head
Application No. 46081
lower
Recharge Basin
123
(No Transcript)
124
Discussion Topics

• Global Water Perspective
• State Water Perspective
• The Equus Beds Aquifer
• Water Protection Activities
• Water Protection Issues
• Closing thoughts. . . . . .

125
Groundwater Protection Golden Rule
Prevention of groundwater contamination and water
quality protection costs more than doing nothing,
but much less than groundwater cleanup.
126
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