Sample

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Sample
dithpran.org

• Cambodian Genocide Curriculum
• Presented by
• The Dith Pran Holocaust
• Awareness Project, Inc.

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Kingdom of Cambodia
dithpran.org

• Main Language Khmer
• Main Religion Buddhism (Theravada)
• Population 14.8 million (UN, 2005)
• Ethnic group Khmer, Vietnamese and Chinese
  minorities
  
• Monetary unit 1 riel 100 sen
• Climate  tropical humid climate rainy (monsoon)
  season (May to November) and dry season (December
  to April)
  
• Capital Phnom Penh
• Area 181,035 sq km (69,898 sq miles) Water
  2.5
  
• Border countries Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
• Major Exports Garments, Fisheries Products,
  Rubber
  
• Major Export Trading Countries United States,
  Germany, UK, Singapore, Japan
  
• Major Imports petroleum products, construction
  materials, vehicles and motorcycles, clothing
  
• Source www.cambodia.org

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Pol Pot
dithpran.org

• Pol Pot was born in Cambodia in 1925. His
  original name was Saloth Sar.
  
• In the late 1940s he lived for a time in France
  where he studied and joined the communist party,
  along with other individuals who would be part of
  his genocidal machine Khieu Samphan, Ieng Sary,
  and Son Sen.
• When Pol Pot and the communists went back to
  Cambodia, they helped fight against French
  colonization. In 1953 Cambodia won independence
  from the French. Ten years later, Pol Pot became
  Cambodias top leader of the Workers Party (or
  The Communist Party of Kampuchea).
• By the mid to late 1960s, Pol Pot and the CPK
  began to wage guerilla warfare against Cambodias
  government from the countryside thus starting
  the Khmer Rouge movement.

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The Khmer Rouge Emergence
Dithpran.org

• The name Khmer Rouge means Red Khmer or
  Communist Khmers.
  
• In 1970, with U.S. support, Lon Nol overthrow
  Prince Sihanouks government of Cambodia and
  became the countrys president. Sihanouk joined
  forces with the Khmer Rouge to oust Lon Nol.
  Sihanouk asked for assistance from the Vietnamese
  who then trained and armed the Khmer Rouge in the
  countryside.
• The Khmer Rouge became popular in the countryside
  with their ideologies of workers equality,
  anti-imperialist sentiment, and the
  misinformation that the KR would reinstate Prince
  Sihanouk as head of state.

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The Khmer Rouge Victory
dithpran.org

• On April 17th, 1975 the Khmer Rouge, a communist
  guerrilla group led by Pol Pot, took power in
  Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. They forced
  all city dwellers into the countryside and to
  labor camps. During their rule, it is estimated
  that nearly 2 million Cambodians died by
  starvation, torture or execution. 
• The Khmer Rouge turned Cambodia to year zero.
  They banned all institutions, including stores,
  banks, hospitals, schools, religion, and the
  family. Everyone was forced to work 12 - 14 hours
  a day, every day. Children were separated from
  their parents to work in mobile groups or as
  soldiers. People were fed one watery bowl of soup
  with a few grains of rice thrown in. Babies,
  children, adults and the elderly were killed
  everywhere. The Khmer Rouge killed people if they
  didnt like them, if didnt work hard enough, if
  they were educated, if they came from different
  ethnic groups, or if they showed sympathy when
  their family members were taken away to be
  killed. All were killed without reason. Everyone
  had to pledge total allegiance to Angka, the
  Khmer Rouge government. It was a campaign based
  on instilling constant fear and keeping their
  victims off balance.

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Aftermath of Khmer Rouge
dithpran.org

• After the Vietnamese invaded and liberated the
  Cambodian people from the Khmer Rouge, 600,000
  Cambodians fled to Thai border camps. Ten million
  landmines were left in the ground, one for every
  person in Cambodia. The United Nations installed
  the largest peacekeeping mission in the world in
  Cambodia in 1991 to ensure free and fair
  elections after the withdrawal of the Vietnamese
  troops.
• Cambodia was turned upside down during the Khmer
  Rouge years and the country has the daunting task
  of healing physically, mentally and economically.
  
• To date, no leader of the Khmer Rouge has been
  brought to justice for their crimes against
  humanity.
  
• Survivors of the Khmer Rouge regime continue to
  suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and a
  growing number of stress related illnesses and
  diseases.

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Pre-genocide Leadership Tactics
dithpran.org

• Genocide has taken place repeatedly in the world
  
  
• in places such as Armenia, Nazi Germany,
  Cambodia,
  
• the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and Sudan. A
  reason why genocide happens is the tactics of the
  leadership.
  
• Several tactics include
• 1. Strong ideologies the masses can relate to
• 2. Charisma of leader (ability to attract people
  to their cause)
  
• 3. Capability of brainwashing large numbers of
  people through fear, manipulation, propaganda,
  and other means
  
• 4. Military strength.

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Pre-genocide Leadership Tactics - Examples
dithpran.org

• 1. Ideologies Pol Pot and the KR spoke of
  workers equality to farmers in rural areas. They
  enhanced the suspicion of city dwellers and the
  educated class by stating these people backed the
  U.S. supported overthrow of Prince Sihanouk. Pol
  Pot and the KR spoke against the U.S. bombing of
  the Cambodian countryside.
• 2. Pol Pot was considered charismatic and
  persuasive a man of the people.
  
• 3. Pol Pot and the KR stated that the
  imperialist Americans and/or the Vietnamese may
  take over Cambodia and the people needed to help
  the cause.
• 4. Pol Pot and the KR received weapons and
  training from the North Vietnamese.
  

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Leadership Tactics During Genocide
dithpran.org

• There is a similar thread to genocide leadership.
  Similarities include
  
• 1. Strong hierarchy of power.
• 2. Large amount of people willing to carry out
  orders.
  
• 3. Separating people according to different
  criteria education, color, ethnicity, social
  status, urban vs. rural dwellers.
  
• 4. Dehumanizing people who didnt fall into the
  right criteria.
  
• 5. Mass killing of people who didnt fall into
  the right criteria.
  

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Leadership Tactics During Genocide - Examples

• 1. Hierarchy of power Pol Pot had people
  working at every level of the organization, from
  spy to executioner.
  
• 2. People to carry out orders There were
  countless Cambodian citizens who tortured and
  killed their fellow countrymen, some even killed
  their own family members.
• 3. Separating people The educated, ethnic
  Vietnamese Chinese, Cham, and city dwellers
  were suspect.
  
• 4. Dehumanization This gave Pol Pot and the KR
  the ability to mass murder because somehow the
  victims were guilty and deserved torture and
  death.
• 5. Mass killing The KR killed an estimated 1.7
  million Cambodians during their reign.

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The International Criminal Court
dithpran.org

• In 2002, the International Criminal Court (ICC)
  was established in The Hague (Netherlands) and
  the Rome Statute provides for the ICC to have
  jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against
  humanity and war crimes.

Source Wikipedia
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What Is Genocide?
dithpran.org
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
the Crime of Genocide
(Geneva Convention)
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Crimes Against Humanity
Dithpran.org

• The ICC definition of crimes against humanity
  includes any of the following acts when committed
  as part of a widespread or systematic attack
  directed against any civilian population, with
  knowledge of the attack
• a) Murder
• (b) Extermination
• (c) Enslavement
• (d) Deportation or forcible transfer of
  population
  
• (e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of
  physical liberty in violation of fundamental
  rules of international law
  
• (f) Torture
• (g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution,
  forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any
  other form of sexual violence of comparable
  gravity
• (h) Persecution against any identifiable group or
  collectivity on political, racial, national,
  ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in
  paragraph 3, or other grounds that are
  universally recognized as impermissible under
  international law, in connection with any act
  referred to in this paragraph or any crime within
  the jurisdiction of the Court
• (i) Enforced disappearance of persons
• (j) The crime of apartheid
• (k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character
  intentionally causing great suffering, or serious
  injury to body or to mental or physical health.
  
• Source Wikipedia

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War Crimes
dithpran.org

• War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs
  of war", including but not limited to "murder,
  the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian
  residents of an occupied territory to slave labor
  camps", "the murder or ill-treatment of prisoners
  of war", the killing of hostages, "the wanton
  destruction of cities, towns and villages, and
  any devastation not justified by military
  necessity" .
• Source Wikipedia

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Genocide Questions How We Can Make A Difference
dithpran.org

• Who was Pol Pot?
• Who were the Khmer Rouge?
• Why did the KR become popular before their
  victory?
  
• How could Pol Pot and the KR commit genocide?
• Why is The Killing Fields considered a genocide?
• What is genocide?
• What small steps can we take to have tolerance
  for others?
  
• What can we do to defend others?
• How can we not become part of a mob mentality?
• What can we do to help prevent another genocide?

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Resources
dithpran.org

• The Killing Fields
• Children of Cambodias Killing Fields
• The Death And Life of Dith Pran
• Haing Ngor A Cambodian Odyssey
• Yale Cambodian Genocide Project

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The End