PPS Seminar 2005 Mobile Communications

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PPS Seminar 2005Mobile Communications

• Damir Pasalic Hannes Grubinger

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For Your Information

• Web Page
• http//www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm
  /mobilfunk.html
• Assistants
• Damir Pasalic (ETZ G97)
• E-mail dpasalic_at_ifh.ee.ethz.ch
• Hannes Grubinger (ETZ G95)
• E-mail grubinger_at_ifh.ee.ethz.ch

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Overview

• Motivation and Goal
• Cellular Technology Standards, History, Future
  Outlook
• GSM-R, TETRA Professional Applications
• US Market AMPS, IS-95, PCS1900, TACS,...
• Satellite Communication Inmarsat, Iridium,
  Globalstar, ICO,...
• Business Economics Global Player, Swiss
  Market, Strategies
• Developing Countries Mobile Communications
• Organizational Details

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Motivation and Goal

• Mobile Communications (MC) is a future key
  technology
• Understand the basic technologies behind MC
• Learn how business and technology work together
• See the Big Picture and evaluate demand for
  global MC
• Assess technological impacts on society,
  politics, economics
• Seminar approach
• Become skilled at doing a literature and
  information search
• Train your abilities to cope with a complex
  topic
• Learn how to efficiently prepare a
  well-structured report
• Enhance your presentation techniques

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History (pre-cell era)

• First mobile radio link established by Marconi in
  late 1800s
• First mobile radiotelephone service on land was
  set up byDetroit Police Department in early
  1920s (2 MHz)
• Commercial service started in 1946 in USand
  early 1950s in Europe
• Conventional Mobile Systems (CMS) were operating
  in 30-40, 150, and 450 MHz
• public safety services (e.g. police, ambulance,
  fire brigade)
• transport organizations (e.g. taxi)
• service networks for utilities (gas, water,
  electrical production)
• By 1963 number of users exceeded 1.3 million (12
  channels)

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History Cellular System
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History First Generation (1G)

• Introduction of analog cellular systems in the
  late 1970s and 1980s

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History 1G Frequency Bands
MCS
Downlink
Uplink
925
885
NMT 900
Uplink
Downlink
915
935
AMPS/ NAMPS
Uplink
Downlink
894
824
849
869
TACS
Uplink
Downlink
935
905
JTACS/ NTACS
Downlink
Uplink
885
925
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
MHz
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Second Generation (2G) Introduction

• Annual growth rate in 1G systems 30 to 50
• 20 million subscribers by 1990
• Need to improve
• transmission quality
• system capacity
• coverage
• fraud prevention and privacy

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Second Generation (2G) Major Systems

• 2G cellular systems include
• The European Global System for Mobile
  Communications (GSM), introduced in 1992
• The North American Digital AMPS (D-AMPS),
  introduced in 1994
• IS-54 FDMA/TDMA access mode
• IS-95 CDMA access mode
• The Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) system,
  introduced in 1992
• The North American Personal Communication System
  operating at 1900 MHz (PCS 1900)

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Second Generation (2G) GSM

• Created in 1992 as a pan-European networkcapable
  of supporting many millions of subscribers
• Operates 992 channels in FDMA/TDMA access mode
• Frequency bands
• GSM900 880-915 MHz paired with 925-960 MHz
• GSM1800 1710-1785 MHz paired with 1805-1880 MHz
• GSM1900 1850-1910 MHz paired with 1930-1990 MHz
• GSM is the leading wireless standard in the world
  covering (2003)
• 72 of the worlds digital market
• 60 of the worlds wireless market

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Worldwide GSM Networks in Service
GSM used in 159 countries
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Terrestrial Communications TETRA

• Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)
• Standard for professional mobile communications
• Established in 1995 by ETSI and 21 European
  countries
• Suitable for use in rough communications
  environments
• Designed for security services, emergency units,
  industry,...
• GSM-R is a GSM clone built for railways with
  TETRA features

• TETRA features
• Secure encryption, reliable, fast and guaranteed
  service quality
• High data rates, packet data optimization, high
  frequency re-use
• Group calls, paging, push-to-talk,handsets as
  repeater stations
• GSM intra-operability and functionality (e.g.
  call wait/hold, etc.)
• Priority, authorization, area selection,
  monitoring, responsibility

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Terrestrial Communications TETRA

• Typical TETRA applications
• Public transportation Update schedule, client,
  tariff information
• Traffic Control sets of lights, parking and
  detour routing
• Police, emergency units Walkie-talkie mode
  (TETRAPOL)
• Trucking Navigation data, fleet management,
  scheduling
• Advertisement Transmit data to e-boards
• Railways Positioning, onboard communication and
  phone services

TETRA Walkie-Talkie
TETRAPOL Car Unit
TETRA Navigation Controller
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Satellite Communications Overview

• Satellite systems existing or planned in 2003
• Name Satellites Orbit Altitude Year Com
  pany
• Inmarsat 45 GEO 35786 km 1982 Inmarsat Ltd.
• Iridium 66 LEO 765 km 1998 Boeing et. al.
• Globalstar 48 LEO 1389 km 1998 Major Telecoms
• ICO 12 MEO 10390 km 2003? New ICO Ltd.
• Teledesic 288 LEO 1400 km 2005? ICO Teledesic
• Odyssey 12 MEO 10354 km Project is stopped!

• At the present time, the ONLY reliably operating
  satellite mobile communications service is the 20
  year old Inmarsat system!
• Nowadays the satellite business is dominated by
  takeovers, flops, bankruptcy filings, alliances,
  mergers, technical disasters, etc.(e.g. Inmarsat
  founds ICO, then New ICO, now owned by Teledesic)

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Satellite Communication I Inmarsat

• Established in 1979 to initially serve the
  maritime industry
• Works anywhere in the world with the exception of
  the poles
• In 2001 150000 end-user terminals throughout
  the world
• Inmarsat-A Analog system, up to 9.6 kbit/s (2
  suitcases, 50 kg)
• Inmarsat-B Digital successor, up to 64 kbit/s
  (laptop-sized, 3 kg)
• Equipment 1.5...1.6 GHz, 40 cm dish, 2...20 W

Inmarsat-A System
Inmarsat-A Maritime Antenna
Inmarsat-B System
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Satellite Communication I Inmarsat

• Standard services include
• Direct-dial telephony, fax, telex, messaging
• E-mail, data, quality audio, compressed video,
  slow-scan TV
• Additional Inmarsat C...I services include
• Group messaging/calling (similar to TETRA
  feature)
• Aircraft satellite communication telephony
• Encryption devices for secure transmission
• Position reporting
• Charges U 3...20.-/minute (depending on service
  and provider)
• Equipment cost Starting from U 2500.- (simple
  terminal)

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Satellite Communication II IRIDIUM

• Established in 1998 and initially designed and
  owned by Motorola
• Works anywhere in the world using 66 satellites
  in LEO(which allows to have specifically small
  signal delays)
• Services include
• Voice, fax, messaging, e-mail, internet, data
  (approx. 10 kbit/s)
• Charges U 3...5.-/minute (depending on service
  and provider)
• Mobile handset 1.6 GHz, integrated antenna, 1-2
  W, U 3000.-

IRIDIUM Handsets
IRIDIUM Pager
IRIDIUM Satellite
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Satellite Communication II IRIDIUM

• The not-so-good news...
• 3000 subscribers worldwide (1999)
• Total revenue of U 600000.- (1999)
• Marketing cost U 200000000.-
• Operating cost of U 400000000.- (annually!)
• Prediction for 2002 5000000 end-users...

• After financial bankruptcy and a loss of U 5.5
  billion, Motorola decided to shut down Iridium in
  March 2000 and planned to crash and burn up the
  satellites in the earths atmosphere!
• Iridium LLC (Boeing) bought the whole system for
  U 25 million
• New sales/marketing strategies, different
  targeted user profile
• Less expensive call charges, improved system
  performance
• Better GSM/UMTS connectivity, cheaper and
  lightweight phones

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Third Generation (3G) Introduction

• Cellular and satellite networks provide greater
  freedom in the communications among people
• New information age with different life-styles
  and world economy
• The next goal is development of truly global
  system providing communication to everyone,
  everywhere
• Part of the solution of the communication problem
  in the developing world
• Wide range of radio environments have to be
  integrated

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Third Generation Environments Integration
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Third Generation (3G) Standards

• International Mobile Telecommunication System
  (IMT-2000)
• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
• Basic Properties of a 3G System
• Used worldwide
• Used for all mobile applications
• Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on
  mobility/velocity)
• Offer high spectrum efficiency

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Third Generation Spectrum Availability
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2010 MHz
ITU IMT-2000
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
MSS
MSS
2025 MHz
2110 MHz
2170 MHz
1885 MHz
Europe
UMTS
UMTS
GSM 1800
DECT
MSS
MSS
1880 MHz
1980 MHz
2170 MHz
1919.6 MHz
Japan
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
PHS
MSS
MSS
1893.5 MHz
2160 MHz
USA
PCS
MSS
MSS
Reserved
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
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Global Players

• Change from national analog to global digital
  communication networks is driven by
• digitalization
• computerization
• deregulation
• Increased competition
• New operators starting from green field
  situation use wireless networks to bypass the
  networks established by national operators

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Major Players Europe

• Vodafone (UK)
• T-Mobile / Deutsche Telekom (Germany)
• TIM / Telecom Italia (Italy)
• Telefonica (Spain)
• France Telecom / Orange (France)
• Swisscom Mobile / Swisscom Group (Switzerland)

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Local Players Switzerland
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Major Cellular Providers in North America

• Verizon Wireless (US)
• joint venture of Verizon Comm. and Vodafone
• Cingular (US)
• recently bought ATT Wireless
• Sprint PCS (US)
• T-Mobile, formerly Voicestream (US)
• Rogers Wireless
• previously Rogers ATT
• Microcell Telecom (Canada)

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Global Players North America
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Business Economics General

• How much does it cost to...
• purchase licenses for parts of the future mobile
  spectrum
• plan and build a mobile telecommunications system
• keep the system up and running (maintenance,
  administration, etc.)
• introduce new technologies (GPRS, EDGE, HSCSD,
  etc.)
• acquire new subscribers

• Which services can be introduced to...
• generate additional revenues
• pay off debts from UMTS auctions and system
  installation
• What are the key facts and figures of the...
• Swiss/German/French/US cellular phone market
• global players involved in mobile communications
• deregulation, liberalization and monopolization
  issues and strategies

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Communication Sys in Developing Countries

• Picture these facts
• 4/5 of the worlds population does not have the
  most basicaccess to phone services and 1/2 of it
  has never used a phone
• The greater majority of all countries in the
  world do not havea publicly available, reliable
  and cheap phone system operating

• International Telecommunication Union (ITU) goal
  in 1995
• By the end of the year 2001, each citizen
  worldwide should have direct access to telephone
  services
• Wireless phone networks represent a cheap
  alternative to wire line plain old telephone
  systems (POTS)
• Can satellite and terrestrial wireless
  systemsmeet these expectations in the future?

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Organizational Details I

• Group of 2...3 students will work on one project
• Choose a project from the existing list or define
  a suitable
• topic related to Mobile Communications on your
  own
• Make your decision by April 19
• Final projects will be communicated via e-mail to
  students
• Each group must prepare an initial proposal (1
  page) and give
• a short presentation (5-10 minutes) on April 26

• Groups work independently on their project and
  contact Damir or Hannes as needed
• Meetings will be arranged upon request on
  Tuesdays
• Check the web page regularly!
• www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/fieldcom/pps-mobilecomm/mobilf
  unk.html

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Organizational Details II

• Each group prepares a written report (10-15
  pages)and final presentation (20 minutes) in
  English
• Drafts are to be handed in prior to the final
  presentation
• Presentation/report/draft/progress due dates will
  be
• announced individually via e-mail and web page

• Marking
• Proposal presentation 15
• Final presentation 35
• Written report 50
• Each student should comment on the presentation
  of others
• Field trip(s) and lecturer visit(s) will be
  organized