NEBOSH

1
NEBOSH Construction

• Bruno Porter

2
Introduction

• Construction
• Demolition
• Maintenance including Asbestos
• Confined Spaces
• Contractors

3
Specific Law

• The Construction (Design Management)
  Regulations 1994 (CDM)
• The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare)
  Regulations 1996 (CHSW) See sheet
• The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
• Management of Health and Safety at Work
  Regulations 1999
• The Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974

4
Construction Hazards

• Gravity again!
• Exposed conditions difficult to do any work!
• Unknown contractors
• Risk tolerant workforce

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Construction Hazards

• Ladders - Checklist in notes
• Consider ladder aides-
• Increase basal area
• Increase support at top
• Increase friction
• Other engineering aides
• Hooks, eyes and ledges
• Hierarchy of control will reduce their use

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Construction Hazards

• Roofwork
• Beware short duration
• Sloping roofs
• Flat roofs
• Fragile roofs and fragile areas in load bearing
  roofs

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Construction Hazards

• Scaffolding
• Providing safe working platform
• Handrail at least 910mm
• No gap greater than 470mm
• Toeboard at least 150mm
• Elements removed
• Footing unsound, or made unsound

8
Construction Hazards

• Scaffolding
• Definitions in notes
• Putlogs only one set of uprights (standards)
  prone to falling outwards
• Independent scaffold must be tied into
  structure or self supporting
• Towers, independent or system built

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Construction Hazards

• Scaffolding - collapses
• Lack of ties into structure, or they had been
  removed
• Lack of bracing parallelogram
• Overload

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Construction Hazards

• Suspended access systems
• Cradles / working platforms
• Bosuns chair
• Absailing

11
Demolition Hazards

• Type of contractors
• Type of workers
• Type of operations

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Demolition Hazards

• Characterised by-
• lack of planning
• minimal capital investment
• disinterested clients
• Must consider mechanical means first
• Hand demolition generally only soft strip
• Recycling / land fill tas has helped

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Excavations

• Gravity and friction
• All ground it good ground to the worker
• All ground can be bad ground - add water
• Support sides or remove sides angle of repose

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Excavations

• From what depth? crushed by trunk or above
• Dont forget falls from height
• Other services / disturbance
• Other buildings or trenches

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Excavations Types of Support

• No support, benching and battering
• Sheet piles
• Hit and miss
• Trench / drag boxes
• Trench boxes
• Proprietary systems

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Confined Spaces

• Definition in notes
• Can be anywhere not just holes / tanks
• Excavations
• reasonably foreseeable specified risk
• Plan - assessment

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Confined Spaces

• Other Hazards
• Emergency procedures
• Lighting
• Safe places of work
• Communication
• Lone working
• Environmental stressors
• The work in progress

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Confined Spaces

• Risk assessment
• Work prohibited (as per COSHH)
• Then hierarchy based
• Proper emergency plans own (not 999)
• Training is essential

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Contractors

• Anyone engaged in work on your behalf
• Perception of no control
• Octel case
• Issues are
• specification
• competence
• control

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Contractors

• How far do I go?
• SFARP
• Method Statement
• You are paying the bill

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CDM - The Duty Holders

• Client
• Designer
• Planning Supervisor
• Principal Contractor
• Subcontractor

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Basics of CDM

• Client
• Design
• Planning
• Managing
• Competency

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CDM - Some terms

• Existing Information
• Designer Risk Assessments
• Pre-tender Health and Safety Plan
• Construction Phase Health and Safety Plan
• Construction Phase
• As Built Information
• Health and Safety File

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Clients' Duties

• The Client has duties and responsibilities
• Duty to appoint competent Designers
• Duty to appoint competent contractors
• Duty to allocate sufficient time and resource for
  the construction

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Designers' Duties

• To tell the client of CDM
• Have adequate regard for the need to
• Avoid foreseeable risks in construction.
  maintenance, cleaning and use
• Combat risks to workers at source, both for
  construction phase and during use
• To give priority to measures that protect all
  workers not just individuals
• Include information on the building process,
  materials used etc. for the builder
• Co-operate with Planning Supervisor and other
  Designers

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Planning Supervisor - Role Duties

• To collate and check the design elements
• Put together the Pre-tender Health Safety Plan
• Advise client as to competency of others
• Advise client that Construction Phase H S Plan
  is adequately developed to start work
• Review significant / fundamental changes in
  design
• Collate as built drawings and prepare H S File

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Contractors' CDM Duties

• Prepare Construction Phase Health Safety Plan
• Check competency of Subcontractors
• Request and critically review method statements
• Develop the plan, add remove method statements
  as necessary
• Pass 'as built' information to the planning
  supervisor

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Subcontractors' Duties

• Check their subbies competence!
• Produce method statements

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Problems with CDM / CHSW

• Application vs. Notification
• Designers' Duties
• Clients' Duties
• Fear - paperwork
• Confidence vs. back covering
• No CDM no safety

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Maintenance

• Interaction with others
• Plant
• Services
• Workforce
• Hidden hazards
• Control essential (permits, etc.)
• See contractors

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Asbestos an Overview

• Types
• Chrysotile (white)
• Crocidolite (blue)
• Amosite (brown)
• Others
• Anthophyllite (similar to amosite)
• Tremolite
• Actinolite

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ASBESTOS - History

• Finland (strengthener for clay pots)
• Romans (cloths and shrouds)
• 1878 - first mining operations
• 1880 - imported into England
• 1891 - Royal Navys first use

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ASBESTOS - Uses

• Asbestos cement building products
• Lagging
• Friction materials (clutch and brake linings)
• Reinforcements
• Joints
• Felts
• Paper
• Underseals
• Adhesives

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ASBESTOS - Uses (contd)

• Battery boxes
• Floor tiles
• Fillers
• Fire resistant / mill boards
• Pressure piping
• Packings
• Filter pads
• Mastics
• Coatings (paint and artex)

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ASBESTOS - Health Effects

• Asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs)
• Lung cancer
• Mesothelioma (cancer of the pleura and
  peritoneum)
• Other
• Cancer of the larynx
• Cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract

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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - History

• 1931 Asbestos Industry Regulations (made
• under S79, 1901 Factory Workshop Act)
• 1969 Asbestos Regulations (made under the 1961
  Factories Act)
• 1983 Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations (as
• amended) (made under the 1974 Health Safety at
  Work etc Act)

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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - History

• 1987 Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations (as
  amended) (made under the 1974 Health Safety at
  Work etc Act)
• 2002 .. Control of Asbestos at Work
• Regulations ..?

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CONTROL OF ASBESTOS AT WORKREGULATIONS 1987 (as
amended)

• Regulation 4 identification of type of asbestos
• Regulation 5 assessment of work and plans of
  work
• Regulation 6 notification of work with asbestos
• Regulation 7 information, instruction and
  training
• Regulation 8 prevention or reduction of
  exposure to asbestos
• Regulation 9 use of control measures
• Regulation 10 maintenance of control measures

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CONTROL OF ASBESTOS AT WORKREGULATIONS 1987 -
contd

• Regulation 11 provision and cleaning of
  protective clothing
• Regulation 12 duty to prevent or reduce the
  spread of asbestos
• Regulation 13 cleanliness of premises or plant
• Regulation 14 designated areas
• Regulation 15 air monitoring
• Regulation 16 health records and medical
  surveillance
• Regulation 17 washing and changing facilities
• Regulation 18 storage, distribution and
  labelling of raw asbestos and asbestos waste

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IMPROVEMENT NOTICES
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DEFERRED PROHIBITION NOTICES
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IMMEDIATE PROHIBITION NOTICES
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INFORMATIONS LAID
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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - HSE KEY NATIONAL OBJECTIVE
2001/2002

• Objectives
• i) To give priority to
• work where uncontrolled dry stripping is planned
  (presumption of enforcement action)
• new licence holders whose work has not been
  previously inspected
• priority visits to those who have been sent
  warning letter by ALU
• those whose licences are set to expire within
  next 4 - 6 months (if not visited during previous
  12)

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OBJECTIVES 2001 / 2002

• those where local knowledge suggest they are not
  performing to standard, but who have not had
  letter from ALU
• ii) Ensure employees who have to wear RPE have
  been face-fit tested
• iii) Reduce the unjustified use of power tools
• iv) Reduce unjustified work in hot environments.

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ASBESTOS - the Problem

• Between the 1950s and the 1970s, asbestos was
  used extensively in the UK as a building material
• Over 1.5 million premises contain asbestos
• Thousand of tonnes of asbestos still remain in
• buildings
• Over 3,000 people die each year from
  asbestos-related diseases

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ASBESTOS - the Problem (contd)

• 25 of people who are now dying from
  asbestos-related diseases once worked in trades
  associated with construction and building
  maintenance (Peto et al, 1995)
• Asbestos regulations were aimed at asbestos
  removers and those working in asbestos factories
• We need to ensure that all people who could come
  into contact with asbestos accidentally are
  properly covered

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HSC / HSE PROPOSALS

• A new regulation in the Control of Asbestos at
  Work Regulations 1987 (which would become the
  Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2001)
• A duty to manage the risks from asbestos
• A new Approved Code of Practice to back up the
  regulation and provide guidance to owners of
  workplace buildings

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WHAT WILL THE NEW REGULATION REQUIRE?

• Take reasonable steps to identify asbestos
  materials in a building - either do a full
  survey, assume all unknown materials contain
  asbestos, or conclude that they cant contain
  asbestos (needs evidence)
• Record the location and type of asbestos
  materials identified
• Assess the condition of these materials
• Assess the risk they present

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WHAT WILL THE NEW REGULATION REQUIRE? (contd)

• Prepare a written action plan (to leave the
  asbestos in place, to repair it or to remove it)
• Inform others of the location and condition of
  the asbestos-containing materials
• Carry out regular checks of the condition of all
  asbestos-containing materials in buildings
• Review and revise the plan as necessary.

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THE NEW DUTY

• Who has the New Duty?
• The person or body having control over the
  situation giving rise to the risk in
• The workplace and
• The common areas of rented housing
• Extended to all social rented housing?

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WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS?

• Leave the asbestos in place and introduce a
  management system (if the asbestos is in good
  condition, unlikely to be damaged accidentally
  and there are no plans for a major refit or
  refurbishment)
• Seal it or enclose it (if the condition of the
  asbestos is not too bad)

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WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS? (contd)

• Remove it using licensed contractors where
  necessary (if the asbestos is damaged, if it is
  in poor condition, or if major work is planned on
  the premises).

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THE HEALTH SAFETY (ENFORCING AUTHORITY)
REGULATIONS 1998

• Schedule 2 lists activities allocated to HSE for
  enforcement, regardless of the main activity
• This includes construction work in a physically
  segregated area
• Almost all asbestos removal works fall to HSE to
  enforce, regardless of type of premises

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THE HEALTH SAFETY (ENFORCING AUTHORITY)
REGULATIONS 1998 (contd)

• Proposed amendment will pass more work to LA
  Inspectors relating to asbestos removal in
  premises where they are the enforcers, eg
  offices, shops, community centres,churches, etc.