China in the PostMao Era

1
China in the Post-Mao Era

• A Torturous Path toward modernity

2
The Succession Crisis

• Hua Guofeng v. the Gang of Four (or the Gang of
  Shanghai Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang
  Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan)
  
• Huas alliance with the old guards Ye Jianying
  Wang Dongxing, the security chief,
  
• The trial of the Gang of Four annunciated the end
  of the Cultural Revolution the rehabilitation
  of the old guards who came back to power
  

3
The Rise of Deng Xiaoping

• Huas whatever approach to continue Maos
  legacy
  
• The rehabilitation of those involved in the
  Tiananmen Affair of 1976 what about the
  rightists?
  
• The new slogan of Four Modernization v. class
  struggle which way to go?
  
• The Democracy Wall and the Scar Literature
  who should bear the blame?
  
• The CCP Third Plenum in 1979 officially
  annunciating the end of class struggle and the
  modernization as the Partys main task
  
• Dengs come back reflected the mood of the nation
  and the Party

4
The 1980s Liberalization Repression

• The CCP old guards political conservatism the
  Four Must persistent on socialism, Party
  leadership, proletarian dictatorship, Marxism/Mao
  Thought
• The Party dictatorship was written into the new
  constitution
  
• The anti-spiritual-pollution campaign
• Suppression of democratic movement Wei Jingshen
  the Democracy Wall

5
Economic Liberalization Experimentation

• Countryside taking the lead
• Family responsibility system land divided to the
  family unit with a fixed quota of state tax
  
• Industrial factories not controlled by the state
  the first market-driven enterprises
  
• Deng Xiaopings New Year greeting gongxi
  facai blessing you for getting rich
  
• The Special Economic Zones in Shengzhen, Zhuhai,
  etc. attracting foreign investment and
  technology
  
• The workers responsibility system the more you
  produce, the more is your bonus, which often
  exceed ones salary
  
• Gradual privatization of state-owned
  money-loosing factories, which did not start in
  significant numbers until the 90s.

6
The Tiananmen Massacre 1989

• Reformers v. conservatives in the CCP
• Hu Yaobang (the Party chief), Zhao Zhiyang (the
  premier), and their associates were willing to go
  faster in economic liberalization more
  political freedom
• The resistance from the old guards such as Chen
  Yun Li Peng
  
• Deng Xiaopings mixed signals, Hus downfall
  death early in 1989
  
• Students gathering in Tiananmen to morn Hus
  death in April, which evolved into a massive
  demonstration drawing support from people all
  over China and the world
• 6/4/1989, Deng Xiaoping gave go-ahead to suppress
  the students militarily

7
The 1990s Economic Miracle

• In the post June 4th era, Deng continued economic
  liberalization,
  
• Privatization of state-owned factories went ahead
  to exceed 50, many did not make the transition,
  causing massive unemployment
  
• The policy limited in SEZ was applied to all over
  the country, Shanghai soon overtook any of the
  SEZ to become the largest economic center
  attracting foreign investment technology
• An economic miracle transformed Chinas urban
  area
  
• Corruption was rampant among officials of the
  govt. companies in an unregulated capitalist
  market
  

8
The 1990s Political Stagnation

• One-party dictatorship continued without an end
  in sight anytime soon. The leadership transition
  did go smoothly than expected from Deng to Jiang
  Zeming, and to Hu Jingtao today.
• China continued to be one of the worst human
  rights violators in the world
  
• A middle class emerged and enlarging, so did the
  gap between haves have-nots
  
• Corruption, crime rates, unemployment, drug,
  prostitution, the hardship in the poor interior
  regions
  
• Where is China heading?

9
Chinas Foreign Relations

• The issue of Taiwan past and present
• GMDs marshal law in effect until the 1980s
• Taiwans democratization in the 1990s put the DPP
  (Democratic Progressive) in power, which is
  pro-independence
  
• Chinas threat of force in case of independence
  Washingtons dilemma
  
• Hong Kongs return its future
• The one-country two system formula 50 years
  status quo
  
• Hong Kongs economic development problems
• The Special Administrative Region (SAR) limited
  democracy and peoples fight for further
  democratization
  
• Would HK serve as a political special zone in
  the future?