Current work; PDPs

1
Use of plant-derived products to control
arthropods of veterinary importance a
mini-review David R. George1, Jonathan H. Guy1,
Sam Arkle1, David Harrington1, Carlos De Luna1,
Ed Okello1, Robert S. Shiel1, Gordon Port2,
Olivier A. E. Sparagano1 1 School of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development 2 School
of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon
Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK. (Olivier.sparagano_at_ncl.ac.uk)
Use of synthetic pesticides is hampered by issues
of pest resistance product withdrawals
Many plants contain chemicals toxic to pests,
such as azadirachtin from the neem tree
These plant-derived products (PDPs) may be of use
in veterinary pest management
This has led to alternative means of controlling
pests being sought
Products rich in such chemicals can be obtained
from these plants used as natural pesticides
Ear mite, Otodectes cynotis
The tick Ixodes ricinus
Varroa mite, Varroa jacobsoni, on the back of a
bee
PDPs pests of domestic animals ? Work has
shown that an aqueous extract derived from
camomile flowers (10) resulted in 100 mortality
of Psoroptes cuniculi, a mite responsible for
causing otoacariasis in domestic animals 1. ? A
phytoaromatic-gel (Canidor) based on PDPs was
effective in controlling Otodectes cynotis (ear
mites) in rabbits, dogs cats 2. ? Another
product based on PDPs (Charmil gel) was effective
against Sarcoptes scabiei var canis (mange) mites
on dogs 3. ? Limonene, a monoterpene found in
many citrus species, is often used to control
ectoparasites of domestic animals 4.
PDPs pests of apiculture ? Thymol, the main
constituent of thyme, thymol blends have been
recommended for the control of several bee mite
species including Varroa jacobsoni 5, Varroa
destructor Acarapis woodi 6. ? Several products
based on thymol are already available for use in
hives 7.
PDPs pests of livestock ? The pig mange mite
(Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis) has been controlled
using volatile oil preparations of citronella,
reducing mite infestation to less than 5 of
pre-treatment levels 8. ? The livestock brown
ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, has been
found to be repelled by the essential oil of
Gynandropsis gynandra (an African shrub) 9. ?
Diluted rhododendron oil exhibited more than 95
repellency against Ixodes ricinus, a tick of both
medical and veterinary importance 10. ? For
ixodid ticks of small ruminants in India, close
to 70 tick mortality was achieved using a
methanolic extract of neem tree bark 11.
Thyme thymol (insert)
Current work PDPs the Poultry Red Mite,
Dermanyssus gallinae A project called
MITEeHEN, currently being undertaken at
Newcastle University (UK), is considering the use
of PDPs as acaricides /or repellents for
management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus
gallinae, a major pest of laying hens worldwide.
Funded by the UKs Department for Environment,
Food Rural Affairs, results from this work
suggest that several plant essential oils may be
of use as acaricides, where 10 out of the 50
essential oils initially tested gave 100 mite
mortality at 0.14mg/cm³.
Poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae
References 1. Macchioni et al., 2004. Medical
and Veterinary Entomology 18 205-207. 2. Mignon
Losson, 1996. Veterinary Record 138 329-332.
3. Das, 1996. Veterinary Parasitology 63
303-306. 4. Ibrahim et al., 2001. Agriculture and
Food Science in Finland 10 243-259. 5. Calderone
Spivak, 1995. Journal of Economic Entomology
88 1211-1215. 6. Rice et al., 2002. Journal of
Economic Entomology 95 221-226. 7. Floris et
al., 2004. Journal of Economic Entomology 97
187-191. 8. Mägi et al., 2006. Acta Veterinaria
Brunensis 75 283-287. 9. Lwande et al., 1999.
Phytochemistry 50 401-405. 10. Jaenson et al.,
2005. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 19
345-352. 11. Pathak et al., 2004. Indian Journal
of Animal Sciences 74 616-617. Image sources
Insecticide sprayer amazon.com toy mite
profesoraloca.vox.com superman symbol
comicbookcloset.com neem insecticide
biconet.com neem tree ag.vt.edu essential oil
bottle thebodyshop.com ear mite
maxhouse.com varroa mite creatures.ifas.ufl.edu
ixodes tick univ-ubs.fr thyme pss.uvm.edu
thymol 3dchem.com poultry red mite
georgiasouthern.edu.