Brazil

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Brazil

• Very high levels of homicide with firearms
• Data on small arms trade and on homicides with
  firearms
• Imports of firearms are restricted
• Ownership of certain calibres is restricted

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Graphs 1 2 Small Arms Seized in the State of
Rio de Janeiro from 1974 to July 2004, by type.
Total number 200 243
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Graph 2 Small Arms Seized in the State of Rio de
Janeiro from 1974 to July 2004 by country of
manufacture.
Total number 200 243
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Civilian Police DFAEs Database analyzed and
processed by Viva Rio/ISER 26 170 foreign made
weapons seized between 1974 and 2004
(August) Revolvers Pistols Shotguns Assault
Rifles Sub machineguns Machineguns
NISAT Small arms trade data base Over 600 000
global trade records
930200 Pistols and revolvers 930320 Sporting
Hunting shotguns 930330 Sporting Hunting
Rifles 930190 Military Firearms
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Spain (total number of seized pistols 895)
No/Yes registered or not
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Spain transfers to Paraguay
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Spain transfers to Venezuela
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Austria (total number of pistols seized 845)
Yes/No registered or not
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Austria transfers to Brazil
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Austria transfers to Paraguay
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Austria transfers to Argentina
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Austria transfers to Venezuela
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Military rifles

• 14 seized Swiss SIG SG 550/551 assault rifles
• Purchased by the Brazilian air force.
• Corruptly sold or stolen.

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Conclusions Paraguay

• Regional diversion point.
• Fieldwork by one of the authors in 2005 revealed
  large numbers of gun shops located near the
  border with Brazil.
• In the late 1990s there were few restrictins on
  tourists buying weapons.
• The USA and Brazil stopped isuing export licenses
  to Paraguay.

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Conclusions 2

• Evidence of regional illicit trafficking.
• Weapons were lawfully sold to Brazil and its
  neighbours.
• They were then diverted into illicit channels.
• Diversion points were in Paraguay, and to a
  lesser extent in Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil
  
• Diversion of military specification weapons from
  state stockpiles.
• Parallels in other areas West Africa (Burkina
  Faso) and Central Africa (Zimbabwe, Uganda, etc)

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Controls

• Avoiding diversion is mentioned by
• EU Code of Conduct
• OSCE Document on SALW
• UN Programme of Action
• Wassenaar Arrangement Best Practice Guidelines on
  SALW
• Need for governments to better evaluate this risk