ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS

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ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN HIGHLANDS

• Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and
  Market Risks in Vulnerable Agro-Ecosystems

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Participatory approaches
Time Line Development
Focus Groups
Participatory Mapping
Community Large Group Discussions
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Climate impacts
Multiple Shock Events
Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow
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Themes that emerged

• Spatial variability in the presentation of
  droughts, floods, frosts, and hail events
• Concerns vary according to location, production
  activities, technological alternatives loss of
  animals, loss of crops, raw materials
• Increased food insecurity and loss of assets
• Local knowledge systems uncertain

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Challenges and Opportunities
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Participatory Consultations

• Traditional cropping practices appear not to be
  viable production techniques and local
  indicators.
• Farming was increasingly vulnerable to the risks
  of climate variation examples include increased
  risk of frost, longer dry and warmer spells.
• Lack of markets, and market incentives that
  increase vulnerability.

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Spiraling Down of Capitals
Global warming
Decline in natural capital
Decline in financial capital.
Spiraling down
Decline in human capital (outmigration)
Decline in cultural capital
Decline in social capital
Decline in political capital
Decline in built capital
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Spiraling of Capital Assets
.
Financial capital increases
Political capital increases
Natural capital increases
Spiraling up
Cultural capital increases
Built capital (technology)
Human capital increases
Social capital increases
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Objectives (Research Development)

• Objective 1 Shared understanding of ecosystem,
  social and economic drivers of change. Develop
  measures and indicators of ecosystem and
  livelihood wellbeing through participatory
  research integrating disciplinary and holistic
  understanding of systems constraints.
• Objective 2 Understand how livelihood
  strategies develop in response to perceptions of
  the relative risks of changes, and their assets
  Evaluate farmer perceptions of soil conditions,
  production system changes, pests, diseases, and
  climate risks.

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Objectives (cont.)

• Objective 3 Explicitly link local and new
  knowledge to produce practices and information
  alternatives for adapting to change. Adapted
  varieties, soil and pest management practices,
  information.
• Objective 4 Market access strategies and
  institutions that contribute to resilience.
  Evaluate markets to identify integration
  strategies that contribute to resilience.
• Objective 5 Strengthening and sharing
  capacities. Increase the capacity for
  collaboration between communities and
  stakeholders.

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Locations
Ancoraimes
LA PAZ
OMASUYOS
AROMA
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Ancoraimes (Cantón) Province Omasuyos
Department of La Paz. 135 Km NE La Paz
City. Near the Lake at 3.850 m.a.s.l.

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• The Municipio of Umala, Province of Aroma,
  Central Altiplano of Bolivia. 3,900m a.s.l.
• Average temperature 11ºC Rainfall 350-400 mm
• Crops and livestock Main crop potatoes, 3.4
  ton/ha
• Low input production system of potatoes, sheep
  and milk.

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Southern Peru Participatory Rural Assessment
Communities represent ethnicities, agroecosystem
and productive diversity of Perus Altiplano
Crop Livestock Q
Dairy Cattle
Lake, Crops and Informal Trade
Mainly Crops Some Livestock
SM. Crop Livestock
An. Livestock Crop PS
Centro Internacional de la Papa University of
Missouri Columbia MU CIRNMA with Environment
Unit WB
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Methodologies

• Based on assets and framed by the concept of
  sustainable livelihoods.

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Built Capital
Financial Capital
Natural Capital
Political Capital
Healthy Ecosystem Vital Economy Social Well-Being
Cultural Capital
Social Capital
Human Capital
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Global Warming
Global Warming
Impact on one capital can lead to changes that
spiral up or down across the capitals decreasing
or increasing the related assets.
Global Warming
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Methodologies

• Participatory bridging knowledge systems
• Integrating multiple approaches (La Paz 2006)
• Quantitative methods field, household,
  community, markets
• Field experiments in communities early maturing
  varieties (quinoa and potatoes) frost resistant
  varieties moving planting dates deficit
  irrigation
• Biological surveys (Apolobamba, sampling
  pathogens) pest management strategies
• Soil surveys field experiments/demonstrations in
  the community

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Data collection, analysis and action

• Prioritize the themes which lead to the desired
  future of the community.
• Identify the relevant actors inside and outside
  the community.
• Collect secondary data about them
• Members of the community learn how to interview
  the relevant interview the relevant actors
  (institutions/people)
• Feedback workshops and negotiation
• Strengthen the coalitions.

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Collaborators and Stakeholders

• MU DASS Households, markets, networks, risk
• MU SNR Soils
• KSU Pests and diseases
• U Connecticut Climatology and forecasts
• ISU Coalition Negotiation Capitals
• Fundación PROINPA Indigenous crops
  participatory approaches - women groups -
  marketing strategies
• UMSA College of Agronomy and Institute of
  Agricultural Research Climatology Production
  Systems
• UNALM - IPPS and MSc Innovation for Ag
  Development - Participatory Methodologies
• CIPCA Apolobamba
• CIP - NRM ecosystems Pests and Diseases
• UNDP civil society participation and climate
  change
• WFP vulnerability mapping
• MAPA USAID Market linkages

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Challenges
First meeting of the team in La Paz to
integrate approaches Build synergies with
on-going projects to address funding
limitations Appraisal of Apolobamba as a
third site in Bolivia
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Thank you

• Questions

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FINDINGS
Southern Highlands Rural Communities
Multiple Shock Events
Multiple Successive Years
Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow
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Climate, Markets, Livelihood Strategies and
Assets
Markets
Policies
Livelihoods
Climate
Non Market Institutions Networks
Capabilities
Stores Resources Assets
Claims And Access
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Sustainable Livelihoods in the Andes
System Linkages and Priority Inquiry Areas
Sustainable Livelihoods
?Globalization Vulnerability
and Risk
?Technology Integration
Capabilities
Practices and Strategies
?Biodiversity Conservation And Environmental
Services
Access Control Social Capital Networks
Collective Action (Community Regional)
?Social and Institutional Capacity Building
Negotiating Climate and Market Shocks Stresses
Assets Natural Capital Soils, Climate,
Biodiversity (Ecosystem Level)
Assets Productive Capital Financial
Capital (Household Individual Level)
Assets Cultural Human Local New Knowledge
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FINDINGS
Southern Highlands Rural Communities
Multiple Shock Events
Multiple Successive Years
Droughts Frosts Floods Hail Snow