The Perons: A Political Dynasty

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The Perons A Political Dynasty

• By
• Nick Elders

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The Trifecta of Power

• Three members-Juan, Eva, and Isabel
• Each had a lasting effect on Argentine politics
• All three courted the masses for support

Picture taken from http//www.almargen.com.ar/siti
o/seccion/politica/fraude
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El Lider, Juan Domingo Peron

• Born October 8, 1895 in Lobos
• Second child of Mario Tomas Peron and Juana Sosa
  Toledo
  
• Mario was not married to Juana when Juan was
  born
  
• Mario was the son of a doctor, and Juana was a
  servant
  
• Mario and Juana married when Juan was six

Picture taken from http//www.usatoday.com
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Juans Military Career and First Marriage

• At fifteen, entered the Colegio Militar de la
  Nacion, after having attended the Colegio
  Internacional de Olivos and the Colegio
  Internacional Politecnica
• Graduated in 1913 with a commission as a
  sublieutenant of the infantry
  
• In 1924, he left the Sargento Cabral officers
  school as a captain

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The First Mrs. Peron

• In 1925, Peron met Aurelia Tizon, whom he
  nicknamed Potota
  
• When they married, Peron was almost thirty,while
  Aurelia was barely into her twenties
  
• Aurelia so respected her husband that she called
  him only Commander
  
• They tried to have children, but Juan was most
  likely sterile
  
• In 1938, after 13 years of marriage, Aurelia died
  of Uterine Cancer
  
• A year after Aurelias death, Peron embarked on a
  Military mission to Europe, which lasted from
  1939 to 1941
  

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Perons rise to political power

• When he returned from Europe, Peron joined the
  Grupo de Oficiales Unidos, a group that
  sympathized with the fascists
  
• 1943- Peron helps oust President Ramon Castillo
  and is made undersecretary of war and chief of
  staff of the military under General Pedro Pablo
  Ramirez
• Also made the director of the National Department
  of Labor, which he changed into the Secretariat
  of Welfare and Labor

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Perons rise continues

• As he rose through the political ranks, Peron
  garnered more clout with the working classes
  
• He played a key role in ending the Ramirez
  administration and putting General Edelmiro
  Farrell in power
  
• Under Farrell, Peron was the Secretary of Labor
  and Welfare, Minister of War, and Vice-President
  
• Peron was rumored to have the real power at this
  time
  
• It was during this period that, at a benefit for
  earthquake victims in Nicaragua, he met his
  second wife, Eva
  

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Eva Maria Duarte de Peron

• Born May 7, 1919 in Los Toldos
• Fifth child and fourth daughter of Juana
  Ibarguren, a Basque cook, and Juan Duarte, a
  wealthy land owner
  
• Juan and Juana never married, so Eva was
  illegitimate
  
• Juan had a wife, Estela Grisolia and three
  daughters in Chivilcoy
  
• He left Juana and her brood in 1920 and died in a
  car accident on January 8, 1926

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Evas Early Years
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Evas Early Years

• Eva was always conscious of her status as an
  illegitimate child, and wanted to rise above it
  
• She resolved to become a great actress to do it
• She ran away to Buenos Aires with a tango singer,
  Augustin Magaldi, at fifteen
  
• Magaldi was the first of Evas many lovers, whom
  she used to get ahead in the world
  
• She ended her habit of dating and discarding men
  when she met Peron

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Juan and Eva become a Team

• Eva became Juans mistress shortly after they
  met
  
• In October of 1945, however, Juan was arrested by
  the president and sent to a secret location that
  even Eva didnt know
  
• The people came to his aid and staged a rally to
  free him, which worked
  
• Shortly after his release, Juan married Eva,
  which legitimized her in a way
  
• Together, they planned for Juans run at the
  presidency in 1946

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President and First Lady

• Juan was elected to his first term as president
  in 1946
  
• Eva was now the first lady, the most powerful
  woman in Argentina
  
• The rich had a hard time accepting her, as
  evidenced by the Charitable Society, a womens
  organization, denying Eva the honorary position
  of President
• Eva retaliated against this by cutting of the
  societys federal funding and starting her own
  foundation, The Eva Peron Foundation

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Eva becomes the friend of the poor

• Evas foundation helped the poor get jobs, food,
  clothing, money, and anything else they could
  want
  
• There are no financial records for the
  foundation, so it is not known how much money was
  taken in and how much was kept
  
• The people adored Eva for what she did for them,a
  and considered her a saint

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The Rainbow Tour

• Eva decided to go to Europe to push Perons
  policies in other countries, in hopes of making
  alliances with the more powerful heads of state
  
• Spain was her first stop, and while there, she
  received the highest honor from Francisco Franco,
  the cross of Isabella the Catholic
  
• Franco declared a holiday so the workers could
  see Eva

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Italy and the rest of the tour

• Italy was slightly colder than Spain and more
  disappointing
  
• Eva had hoped that the pope would honor her with
  a Marquisette for her work with the poor
  
• She got a twenty minute audience and a gold
  rosary instead
  
• Eva next went to Paris and made quite a splash
  there
  
• The tour was to culminate with her staying in
  Buckingham Palace with the royal family, but they
  wouldnt officially invite her, so she decided
  against going to Great Britain

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Will the Perons run together in 1951?

• In 1951, Juan decided to run again for President
• Eva wanted to run with him as Vice President
• When she accepted the nomination, she made it
  look like she was bowing to the peoples will ,
  but it didnt work
  
• The military told Peron that they would try
  revolution if Eva didnt renounce her candidacy
  
• Juan told Eva to step down and, though crushed,
  she did as she was instructed
  

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Evas illness and death

• Shortly after her renunciation, Eva began feeling
  ill
  
• She was diagnosed with Uterine Cancer, the same
  disease that had killed her predecessor, Aurelia
  
• She had a hysterectomy, but it wasnt enough to
  stop the cancer
  
• She voted in the election from a hospital bed
  and, though seriously ill, attended the
  inauguration
  
• She got through the ceremonies with a triple dose
  of pain-killer before and a double dose after
  
• Shortly after the inauguration, Eva died at the
  age of 33.

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Peron is ousted from power

• After Eva died, Juan planned on having her
  embalmed, so she would last forever
  
• Dr. Pedro Ara was asked to do the job, and he
  did it beautifully
  
• A tomb for Eva was in the works, but Peron was
  ousted before it could be completed
  
• When Eva died, Peron lost his link to the people,
  and this hurt him greatly
  
• After his overthrow, Peron fled the country
• Eventually, he ended up in Panama, where he met
  wife number three

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Maria Estela de Martinez enters the picture

• Maria Estela,or Isabel, was born on February 4,
  1931 in La Rioja
  
• Her father died when she was six, and she became
  a dancer at twenty
  
• In 1956, she met Peron in Panama
• In 1961, they married and moved to Madrid
• Peron began planning his return to Argentina from
  Madrid
  
• Isabel was Juans representative on trips to
  Argentina, since he couldnt return from exile
  
• Isabels main goal was uniting the Peronists

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Peron gains power once more

• On June 20, 1973 Juan and Isabel returned to
  Argentina
  
• On July 13, President Hector Campora resigned to
  make way for Peron
  
• Peron shocked the nation when he announced that
  he and Isabel would run together on August 4
  
• Isabel accepted the nomination, and the Perons
  won the election, thus giving Isabel the office
  that had been denied to Evita, the
  Vice-Presidency
• Isabel, however, was thrust into the spotlight
  when Peron died on July 1, 1974 of bronchial
  pneumonia

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Isabels term and the end of the Peron dynasty

• Isabel took over the presidency when Juan died,
  and promised to adhear to his policies strictly
  
• Problems beset her presidency from the start
• Inflation rose and political struggle continued
  between the Peronists
  
• What the army feared would happen if a female
  became president happened with Isabel
  
• In 1976, Isabel was ousted in a coup, thus ending
  the Peron regime, and a great chapter in
  Argentine history