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Thailand II

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Title: Thailand II


1
Thailand II
  • Government/History 352
  • Campbell University

2
Student Revolt of 1973
  • Oct 6 - Twelve students arrested for leafleting.
    Thousands protest. Oct 14 Hundreds killed as army
    suppresses demonstrations.
  • King intervenes. Thanom Kittikachorn exiled.
    Replaced with Sanya Thammasak, reactor of
    Thammasat University. Civilian rule restored.

Sanya Thammasak
3
Civilian Rule
  • Government in turmoil. Seni Pramoj Kukrit
    Pramoj serve as P.M.s (1975-76).
  • Competing pressures.
  • Leftist National Student Center of Thailand and
    Farmers Federation of Thailand.
  • Rightist Nawapon Red Gaurs.
  • Assassination of Socialist Party
    Secretary-General, Dr. Boonsanong Bunyothayan.
  • Vandalism of P.Ms (Kukrits) home Thammasat
    University.
  • 1975 election violence.
  • 1976 All U.S. forces equipment withdrawn.
  • 1976 Thais establish diplomatic relations with
    Vietnam.

4
Constitutional Military Rule
  • 1980-88 Prem Thinsulanond as P.M..
  • Coped with a huge refugee problem from Cambodia,
    Laos and Burma. Stopped Vietnamese incursions.
  • Internal Communist became disillusioned.
    Economic development and amnesty ended
    insurgency.
  • Relied on a freely elected legislature.
  • 1988-91 Chatichai Choonhaven as P.M.
  • A retired general, hero of 1972 Black September
    hijacking at Don Muang and a wealthy businessman.
  • First P.M. to be an elected member of parliament
    since 1976. Had held a variety of ministerial
    posts.
  • Increased wages and salaries, banned some Teak
    logging. Proposed Suwannaphum (Golden Land).

5
1991 Coup
  • The Coup
  • National Peace Keeping Council (NPKC) headed by
    Gen. Sunthorn Kongsompong and Gen. Suchinda
    Kaprayoon
  • Siezed Chatichai at Don Muang enroute to an
    audience with the King in Chiang Mai. Charged
    with possessing unusual wealth. Corruption and
    perceived lack of respect for military were the
    real problems.
  • Declared marshal law, took over radio and TV
    stations, but did not ban political parties.
  • Appointed Anand Punyarachun to head interim
    government. A well respected diplomat.

6
Revolt of 1992
  • The Revolt centered on resistance to the
    restoration of military rule.
  • NPKC appoints Suchinda as P.M. Angels demand
    that M.P. be an elected representative.
  • 500,000 people protest led by Chamlong Srimuang,
    who conducted a hunger strike. Suppression was
    brutal.
  • King intervenes. Suchinda resigned.

Chamlong Srimuang
7
Transition To Democracy
  • Anand Panyarachun served as interim P.M. again
    for 4 months.
  • Chuan Leekpai was elected P.M. in 1992 and served
    until 1995, making him the longest serving
    civilian Thai P.M. He sought to democratize the
    military dominated political system.

8
Economic Crises of 1997
  • Chavalit Yongchaiyudh replaced Chuan Leekpai as
    P.M. and serves until 1997 Asian currency crises.
    Reduced trade with Japan in particular leads the
    Thais to float the Baht. It looses 60 of value.
    The real estate market crashes which starts a
    chain reaction.
  • Chuan Leekpai becomes P.M. for second time. He
    institutes reforms and requires transparency and
    accountability. The crises continued.

9
Current Prime Minister
  • Thaksin Shinawat has served as P.M. since 1998.
  • He was born into a wealthy merchant family in
    Chiang Mai.
  • Attended Thai Police Academy and graduate school
    in the U.S.
  • Founded a highly successful telecommunications
    business and the Thai Rak Thai party

10
Questions
  • What led to the Student Revolt of 1973?
  • Which P.M., when ambassador to the U.S. at the
    beginning of WWII, refused to formally declare
    war?
  • Which P.M. appeared with Marlon Brando in the
    Ugly American?
  • What measures did P.M. Prem Thinsulanond take to
    eliminate Communist insurgency?
  • Which P.M. substituted himself for ten Israeli
    hostages in the 1972 Black September hijacking?

11
More Questions
  • The 1991 coup was conducted by ____ ____ ____
    Council.
  • What led to the 1992 Revolt?
  • Who is the current P.M. of Thailand?

12
Thai Institutions
  • Constitution
  • 15 changes have transitioned the country from
    autocratic to democratic. Most recent drafted and
    signed in 1997 under leadership Anand
    Punyarachun.
  • Military
  • Completely dominated government until 1992. Why?
  • 1980 Order 66/2523 gave military responsibility
    for defeating Communism
  • Dual Function
  • Greening Of Isarn (Northeast) New Hope (South)

13
Thai Institutions
  • Bureaucracy
  • Provided stability in spite of frequent political
    change.
  • Technocrats lost credibility after 1997 economic
    collapse.
  • Parliament 1997 Constitution
  • Both senate house elected.
  • P.M. must be a member of house.
  • Cabinet members must resign elected positions.

14
Thai Institutions
  • Political Parties Becoming respectable.
  • Angelic vs. Satanic Parties.
  • Military political parties.
  • Public campaign against buying votes.
  • Pork constituency service.
  • Parties formed around personalities.
  • Political parties buying candidates.
  • Monarchy Highly venerated influential.
  • Crown Prince Vachiralongkorn is heir apparent.
  • Crown Princess Sirindhorn.

15
Thai Institutions
  • Peasantry Economically, politically active.
  • 65 of population involved in farming.
  • 50 rice, remainder diversified crops.
  • Chinese Thai Community Assimilating.
  • 10 of population encouraged to intermarry.
  • Dominate economy.
  • Have become core of professional middle
    classes.
  • Anti-military rule.

16
Role of Women
  • Women
  • Important role in professions of medicine, law,
    accounting academia. gt U.S.
  • Remain quite limited in politics public sector.

17
Economic Social Issues
  • Economic growth rate 10-11 7 sustained.
  • Export driven economy.
  • Political stability
  • Free market extensive foreign investment.
  • Reinvestment in economy by Thailands Chinese.
  • Population growth rate slowed from 3 to 1.4.
  • Number of technically trained graduates too low.
  • Depletion of natural resources forests.
  • Infrastructure overtaxed.
  • Tourism, prostitution (800,000) AIDS

18
Foreign Affairs
  • New nationalism reflected in tone foreign
    relations.
  • Friendly relations with U.S. a counterbalance.
  • Intellectual property rights (IPR)
  • 1992 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).
  • Gods Army, Karen refugees.

19
What Do You Know?
  • What was the name to Thailand prior to 1938.
  • When did Thailand become a constitutional
    monarchy?
  • What is dual function?
  • What is the name of the Kings wife?
  • Where is ASEAN headquartered?
  • What is Thailands greatest export?
  • What famous structure were WWII POWs forced to
    build by the Japanese in Thailand?

20
The End
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