Part II Splanchnology

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Part II Splanchnology
Chapter 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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• ?. General Description
• Constituents
• 1.Respiratory tract
• nose, pharynx, larynx,
• trachea, bronchus, and
• its branches
• 2. Lungs
• 3. Pleura and plural cavity
• Function
• exchange O2 and CO2
• mainly
• (Mediastinum)

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• ?. Nose
• 1. External nose
• 2. Nasal cavity limen nasi
• nasal vestibule
• proper nasal cavity
• nasal septum
• lateral wall of nasal cavity
• 3. Paranasal Sinuses
• frontal sinus
• maxillary sinus
• sphenoidal sinus
• ethmoidal sinus

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The formation of the nasal septum
2 Bones, 1 Cartilage, Nasal mucous membrane
olfactory region respiratory region
The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone
The cartilage of nasal septum
The vomer
back
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• ?. Nose
• 1.Nasal cavity
• nasal vestibule
• proper nasal cavity
• limen nasi
• nasal septum
• lateral wall of nasal cavity
• ---superior, middle and inferior
• nasal conchae
• ---superior, middle and inferior
• nasal meatuses
• ---the openings of the paranasal
• sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct

2. paranasal sinuses frontal
sinus maxillary sinus
sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinus
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The openings of the paranasal sinuses
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• ?. Larynx
• 1. Position It is located at anterior part
  of neck, in
• front of 46 cervical
  vertebrae
• 2. Framework It is formed by laryngeal
  cartilages and
• their articulations
• Cartilages
• thyroid cartilage
• cricoid cartilage
• epiglottic cartilage
• arytenoid cartilage (paired)

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Thyroid cartilage
sup. cornu
sup. thyroid notch
Laryngeal prominence
lamina
anterior angle
Laminae of thyroid cartilage
inf. cornu
Anterior view posterior view
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Arytenoid cartilages
Muscular process
Muscular process
Vocal process
Vocal process
Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid arch
Cricoid lamina
Anterior view posterior
view
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Epiglottic cartilage
Anterior view
posterior view
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• Articulation
• 1. cricothyroid joint rotate around the
  coronary axis
• 2. cricoarytenoid joints rotate around the
  vertical axis
• 3. conus elasticus free and thicked upper
  border formed the vocal ligament
• 4. quadrangular membrane free lower border
  formed vestibular ligament
• 5. thyrohyoid membrane

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4
2
1
3
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Thyrohyoid membrane
Quadrangular membrane

Conus elasticus

Lateral view
Lateral view
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3. Laryngeal cavity
3 parts laryngeal vestibule
intermediate cavity of larynx
infraglottic cavity by 2 fissures vestibular
fissure fissure of
glottis
laryngeal inlet vestibular fold vocal
fold ventricle of larynx
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• 4. Laryngeal muscles
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• It can open the glottis
• Transverse arytenoid,
• Oblique arytenoid,
• Lateral cricoarytenoid
• They can close the glottis
• Cricothyroid,
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• They can lengthen and tense
• the vocal fold
• Thyroarytenoid
• It can relax and shorten the
• vocal fold

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• 4. Laryngeal muscles
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• It can open the glottis
• Transverse arytenoid,
• Oblique arytenoid,
• Lateral cricoarytenoid
• They can close the glottis
• Cricothyroid,
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• They can lengthen and tense
• the vocal fold
• Thyroarytenoid
• It can relax and shorten the
• vocal fold

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• 4. Laryngeal muscles
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• It can open the glottis
• Transverse arytenoid,
• Oblique arytenoid,
• Lateral cricoarytenoid
• They can close the glottis
• Cricothyroid,
• Posterior cricoarytenoid
• They can lengthen and tense
• the vocal fold
• Thyroarytenoid
• It can relax and shorten the
• vocal fold

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?.The trachea and main bronchus
Bifurcation of trachea