Narratives

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UNIT II
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Narratives

• Most common type of literature in the Bible (over
  40 of OT)
• 3 Levels of Narrative
• Top key events
• Middle key events for Israel
• Bottom all others

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Patriarchal History (12-50)

• Sagas (humans) v. Myths (deity)
• 3 Prominent Figures
• 1. Abraham (11.26-25.11)
• 2. Jacob (25.11-36.42)
• 3. Joseph (37, 39-50)

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Abraham

• Abram gt Abraham (17.5)
• Sarai gt Sarah (17.15)
• Highpoint
• Isaac (see 21.5 22)

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Gods Promise

• Covenant Promise
• Pattern
• Divine Imperative
• Divine Initiative
• Human Response
• See Gen 12.1-3 13.14-18 15.1-6 17.1-9

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Patriarchal Promises

• Promise
• 1. Son (15.4 17.16, 19)
• 2. Land (15.7, 8, 16, 18-21)
• 3. Descendants (15.5, 13, 16 17.2, 4-8, 19)
• 4. Blessing (17.16)

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Abraham Isaac

• Gen. 21.5 22
• Groups
• What stands out?
• What do you notice that youve never noticed
  before? (or have never been told about)

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Jacob (25.11-36.42)

• 25.19-26 struggles with Esau
• 32.22-32 night struggle
• Struggles for a blessing
• Result 1) Reminder of his struggle
• 2) New name

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Joseph (37, 39-50)

• Totally different narrative than Abraham or Jacob
• Compound narrative
• 50.19-20

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EXODUS

• 3 Main Categories
• Deliverance
• Covenant
• Divine Presence

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Moses

• Moses lit. to draw or lead out (2.1-10)
• Eponym for the Israelites
• Both flee Egypt (M 2 I 12)
• Both go to Mtn where God speaks to them (M 3 I
  19)
• Both called (M 3 I 19-24) renewed (M 6 I 34)
  after bad experiences (M 5 I 32)

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Name of God

• Ex. 3.1-22
• I am who I am
• play on words I am Yahweh
• Nature of Gods name revelation
• New name (6.2, 3), but tells Moses that I am
  is the God of the patriarchs (3.15)

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Moses Call

• Meets with God (3-5)
• Moses replies to God
• Inadequacy (3.11)
• Ignorance (3.13)
• Incredibility (4.1)
• Inarticulateness (4.10)
• Insubordination (4.13)

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Passover (12.1-13.16)

• What is Passover?
• 12 Procedures for passover meal
• 12.13, 23, 27 who passes over?
• Parallels with NT
• 1 Corinthians 5.7
• 1 Peter 1.19

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The Exodus (13.17-15.21)

• Population 603,550
• Fabulous numbers/historic?
• (Ex. 38.6 Num 1.46 2.32 26.51)
• Location Red Sea

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Law Covenant (19-24)

• Covenant (19) Terms (20)
• Decalogue Ten words (20.1-19)
• Analysis/Structure
• 8 prohibitive
• 2 positive
• 4 vertical
• 6 horizontal

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LEVITICUS

• Holiness set out rules to maintain Israels
  identity
• P document
• Holiness Code
• 1-16 priestly duties
• 17-26 in the promised land

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Leviticus

• Priesthood Guardians, maintained sacrificial
  system purity v. pollution
• Lev 16.1-34 day of Atonement
• Annual, complex ritual
• 1 Bull priestly sacrifice
• 2 Goats 1st sacrificed
• 2nd scapegoat

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NUMBERS

• I. 1.1-10.11 Sinai (Moses key figure)
• II. 10.12-end Sojourn
• Israel wandering from Egypt to Canaan borders

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DEUTERONOMY

• Deuteronomos lit. Second Law
• Law outlines how to maintain Israels distinct
  identity
• D Document Deuteronomic History
• 3 Extended speeches by Moses
• Repetition of Ten Commandments (5.6-21)
• Legal corpus of Deut (12-25)

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Former Prophets

• Joshua Land entry
• Judges - Tribal
• 12 Samuel - Transition
• 12 Kings - Monarchy
• Included as History in Protestant Bibles

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JOSHUA

• Joshua lit. Yahweh is salvation
• birth name Hosea
• Leadership shift from Moses to Joshua
• 3 Central Dimensions
• Land Occupation Allocation
• Violence
• Land Claims

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Joshua

• Groups
• Read the battle of Jericho (6.1-27)
• What stands out?
• What is your reaction to the violence in 6.17,
  18, 21? Is there an explanation?

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JUDGES

• Tribal Culture
• Office of judge deliverer/savior
• Outline
• 1.1-3.6 No Joshua
• 3.7-16.31 Judges
• 17.21-21.25 No King

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Judges

• Two Trends
• 1) 5-stage Cycle (Judges 2.11-23)
• Israel Sins (vv. 11-13)
• Israel is defeated by an enemy (vv.14-15)
• Israel appeals to YHWH (vv. 16, 18)
• YHWH answers delivers them (vv. 16, 18)
• After the judge dies, the cycle begins again
• 2) Linear Judges become less successful/effective

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Deborah ( Barak)

• Only female Judge prophetess
• Sp never came upon Deborah or Ehud
• Only Judge whose death is not recorded
• Land rested for 40 yrs subjugated for 20

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Gideon

• Gideon lit. destroyer, shatter
• Eponym for Israel?
• Personification of Israels problem
• Great victory over Midianites
• Ends up being selfish unfaithful
• As soon as he dies, Israel lapses back
• 6.1-6 Midianites severely oppress Israel
• 6.7-10 Israel calls for a deliverer to save
  God sends them a prophet to indict
• 6.11-18 // with Moses and Ex. 3-5

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Samson

• 13.1-25 Birth Announcement
• Angel reveals his life work
• // w/ JTB in Lk 1
• Nazarite from birth
• special birth rules, regulations
• 16.4-22 Delilah
• hair strength

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Judges (17-21)

• Concluding Lament
• In those days, there was no King in Israel
• (17.6 18.1 19.1 21.25)

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Samuels Kings

• 1,2 Samuel 1,2 Kings
• Septuagint Book of Kingdoms
• Latin Vulgate I-IV Kings
• Continuous development of Israel from the
  monarchy establised to Babylonian exile

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1 2 Samuel

• Authorship Samuel? (dies in 1 Sam 25.1)
• Samuel gives authority to books
• // Moses w/ Torah
• Moses Samuel key figures in pre-monarchial
  Israel (Jer. 15.1)
• Samuel lit. His name is God
• Samuel is Kingmaker
• Books transition Israel tribal to monarch

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1 2 Samuel

• Divided Kingdom
• Northern region
• Israel house of Saul
• Southern region
• Judah house of David

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1 Samuel (8-15)

• 3 Offices God chooses/selects1. Prophet (Deut.
  18.15)
• 2. Priest (Deut 18.5)
• 3. King (Deut 17.15)
• Only 4 Kings are chosen by God
• 1. Saul (1 Sam 9.16-17 10.20-40)
• 2. David (1 Sam 16.1-3)
• 3. Jeroboam (1 Kings 11.29-39)
• 4. Jehu (2 Kings 9.1-13)

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Samuel Saul (1 Sam 8-15)

• Saul is appointed King
• Israelites asked for him
• chosen by lot (10)
• only King who is also a prophet
• Rejected by God (13.1-23 15.1-35)
• Read 2 Sam 7.8-16

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DAVID

• David is divine replacement (16)
• David Goliath (17)
• David benefits from 4 convenient deaths
• 1. Saul (1 Sam 31 2 Sam 1)
• 2. Asahel (2 Sam 2)
• 3. Abner (2 Sam 3)
• 4. Ishbal (2 Sam 4)

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Rise of David (1 Sam 16 - 2 Sam 15)

• Divine Human action
• Contest between Saul David
• Saul is Protégé of Saul
• Pre-empts Jonathan as heir (1Sam20)
• Marries Michal, Sauls daughter
• David spares Sauls life twice (24 26)
• 2 Sam 2 arrives at throne of Judah

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David Bathsheba

• Adultery, Murder, Penitence
• (2 Sam 11-12.31)
• David, Bathsheba, Uriah, Nathan
• Wash (euphemism) (11.2, 8 Ps 51.7)
• Nathan tells a parable to David, condemning him
  (12)

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1 2 KINGS

• Culmination of the Deuteronomic History (D
  document)
• 3 Major Sections
• 1 Kgs 1-11 United Kingdom of Solomon after
  Davids death
• 1 Kgs 12 - 2 Kgs 17 Israel Judah
• 2 Kgs 18-25 Kingdom of Judah in its last years
  after the destruction of N Kingdom (Israel)

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1 2 Kings

• Textual Highlights
• 2 Solomons (1 Kgs 3.3 v. 1 Kgs 11.9-13)
• Kingdoms of Israel Judah (1Kgs 12-2Kgs 17)
• Criteria commitment to Jerusalem YHWH
• N. Kings Bad
• S. Kings Mixed most bad
• 6 approved w/ qualification
• 2 approved unequivocally

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1 2 Kings

• 2 Kgs 18-25
• 3 Kings
• 1. Hezekiah gt Good
• 2. Manasseh gt Quintessentially bad
• Amon gt minor figure
• 3. Josiah gt Quintessentially good

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Kingdoms Defeated

• Northern Kingdom
• Assyrian defeat, 722BC
• Southern Kingdom
• Babylonian defeat, 587BC (see 2 Kgs)
• Exile ends with Restoration Renewal Ezra
  Nehemiah
• Jew post-Exile term formerly Israelites,
  Judahites (Ezra 4.23 5.1)

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EXAM II