WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model Outputs

1
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• an attempt
• to summarize the WG2 questionnaires
• from 14 countries
• Vesselin Alexandrov

2
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• an attempt
• to summarize the WG2 questionnaires
• from 14 countries
• Vesselin Alexandrov

3
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• IMPORTANT NOTES
• Please consider ONLY data, models, methods,
  information, etc. which might be useful for
  implementation of the WG2 tasks and achievement
  of the respective WG2 deliverables (detailed
  within the COST 734 MoU)
• Please skip a question/point if you are not able
  to provide information or try to obtain it from
  other colleagues in your country
• The example attached is mainly to assist you it
  should not be assumed as a mandatory one. Hence,
  fill free to use your own style

4
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• Countries
• Bulgaria, Croatia
• Czech Republic(2), France
• Germany, Greece
• Italy, Norway
• Poland, Romania
• Serbia, Slovakia,
• Spain(3), Switzerland

5
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• 1. Please provide information on long-term
  (preferably at least 30 years) meteorological and
  agrometeorological data applied in your country

6
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data measured
  Météo-France datasets
• - elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, precipitation, global radiation,
  wind speed, PET
• - temporal resolution daily (from 1880 to 2006)
• - spatial resolution may vary a lot, depending
  on parameters and period
• - area/country/region France (all major
  agricultural areas included)
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  secondary data (e.g. model outputs maps) will be
  available for all COST 734 members.

7

• number of data sets available for each parameter
  over the past 30 years (RR precipitations, TT
  temperature, FFM wind speed, INST solar
  duration, GLOT global radiation).

8
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data measured data set
  provided by the Italian weather service
• - elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, precipitation
• - temporal resolution daily and monthly
  (1951-2005), climate 1961-1990 (CLINO)
• - spatial resolution near 40 weather stations
  across Italy
• - area/country/region Italy (all major
  agricultural areas included)
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  secondary data (e.g. indices tables, maps)
• - www.meteoam.it

9
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data, Norway
• elements Air temperature ( 2m, average,
  deviation from normal, average maximum , average
  minimum, absolute maximum, absolute minimum,
  number of days with minim temperature less than
  0, degreedays base 5, degreedays base 17) ,
  relative humidity of the air (2m, average),
  precipitation (2m, total precipitation, of
  normal precipitation, , maximum daily
  precipitation, number of days with precipitation
  gt0.1 mm), cloud cover, number of days with
  sunshine.
• - temporal resolution monthly values
• - spatial resolution site specific measurements
  at 71 meteorological stations in Norway mainland
  and islands in the Arctic
• - area/country/region site specific measurements
  at 71 meteorological stations in Norway mainland
  and islands in the Arctic
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  ( most of the data since 1996 are available on
  the internet on the web-page of Norwegian
  Meteorological institute) Data on paper available
  since about 1960 .
• - additional information yearly reports of
  measurements since about 1870 from this
  Norwegian meteorological institute.

10
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data measured data set
  are provided by 160 weather stations of the
  Romanian National Meteorological Administration
  (NMA)
• elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, rainfall
• temporal resolution daily, monthly, annually and
  multi-annual values covering the period from 1961
  to 2006. Also, statistical data from extreme
  years (droughty, rainy..)
• spatial resolution 50 km
• area/country/region Romania (whole agricultural
  areas)
• availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  for the Romanian COST 734 delegates only
• additional information secondary data (e.g.
  indices, multi-annual values and results from
  global or regional climatic model) could be
  provided for all COST 734 members

11
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data measured data of
  climatological stations of the German weather
  service (www.dwd.de)
• - elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, precipitation, vapour pressure, wind
  speed, cloudiness, sunshine duration
• - temporal resolution daily (minimum 30 years)
• - spatial resolution 524 weather stations across
  Germany
• - area/country/region Germany
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  data base of DWD, availability on request
• - additional information 40 stations free
  available for download on the web
• http//www.dwd.de/en/FundE/Klima/KLIS/daten/online
  /nat/index_standardformat.htm

12
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data World Weather
  records
• - elements temperature (mean, mean maximum, mean
  minimum), pressure and precipitation
• - temporal resolution monthly, annual, 30 years
  (1951-1999)
• - spatial resolution 19 stations
• - area/country/region Germany
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  data base of DWD, free access http//www.dwd.de/de
  /FundE/Klima/KLIS/daten/online/wwr/formatinfo_wwr.
  htm

13
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• Historical meteorological data, Slovakia
• - elements precipitation totals
• - temporal resolution monthly (1901-2005)
• - spatial resolution 25 km /cca 100
  precipitation stations across Slovakia/
• - area/country/region Slovakia
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  primary data (no restrictions)
• - additional information
• personal contact to P. Nejedlik
  /Pavol.Nejedlik_at_shmu.sk/

14
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data gridded CRU data
  set
• - elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, precipitation
• - temporal resolution monthly (1951-2005)
• - spatial resolution 50 km for CRU
• - area/country/region Europe
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  primary data from CRU
• additional information the CRU data set was
  provided by the IPCC DDC
• references
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Data
  Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) 1999.
  Data/Information supplied by the IPCC Data
  Distribution Centre for climate change and
  related scenarios for impact assessments,
  Norwich, UK

15
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data gridded CRU data
  set CRU TS 1.2
• - elements pre, tmp, dtr, vap, cld
• - temporal resolution monthly (1901-2000)
• - spatial resolution 10
• - area/country/region Europe
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  primary data (ftp upon e-mail)
• - references
• Mitchell et al, 2003, http//www.cru.uea.ac.uk/ti
  mm/data/index-table.html

16
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical meteorological data reanalysis from
  NCEP-NCAR
• - elements maximum, minimum and mean air
  temperature, precipitation
• - temporal resolution daily and monthly
  (1951-2005)
• - spatial resolution 2.5deg
• - area/country/region enlarged
  Euro-Mediterranean region
• - availability for the WG2 tasks primary data
  from NCEP-NCAR, (no restrictions)
• - additional information NCEP-NCAR from CDC
• - references http//www.nomad2.ncep.noaa.gov/ncep
  _data/
• Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year
  Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 7,
  437471, 1996.

17
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical agrometeorological data, Bulgaria
  from near 50 meteo and agrometeo NIMH stations
• - elements soil moisture, soil temperature,
  ph?nological stages, agrotechnological data
  (required for crop model input)
• - temporal resolution soil moisture (each
  10-days during the agricultural year, 1961-2000)
  soil temperature (monthly, 1961-2000),
  ph?nological stages (1961-1990)
  agrotechnological data (1981-1993)
• - area/country/region Bulgaria
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  secondary data (indices, model outputs)

18
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical agrometeorological data, Romania
  measured data set are provided by 55 weather
  stations of the National Meteorological
  Administration
• - elements temperature at soil surface
  (maximum, minimum, mean), soil temperature at
  different depth (5, 10 , 20, 50, 100 cm), number
  of days with extreme events (frost, heat, etc),
  heat and cold units, degree days, ETP
  (2001-2006), soil moisture (1971-2006),
  phenological data (1981-2006)
• - temporal resolution monthly, seasonally,
  annually, multi-annually values covering the
  period from 1961 to 2006.
• Phenological data base agricultural crops
  winter wheat, maize, sunflower, potato,
  sugar-beet, grapevine, fruits apple, plum, peach
• paper and electronic format, and starting with
  2005, BBCH-codes are used.
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  the results (thematic maps covering whole
  agricultural territory from Romania, indices and
  trends) can be provided

19
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical agrometeorological data, Norway
• - elements air temperature, diurnal mean,
  maximum, and minimum temperatures, solar
  radiation, wind speed and direction, relative
  humidity, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil
  temperature
• - temporal resolution diurnal and partly hourly
  recordings during the years 1958, 1959, and 1960.
• - spatial resolution All over the community, 42
  stations, 130 to 423 m a.s.l., of two types
• - area/country/region Nes community (95.42 km2)
  in South East Norway
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  printed
• - additional information The tables, analyses of
  the data, the derived respiration equivalent
  index and a scientific discussion are all
  published in a PhD thesis

20
information on long-term meteorological and
agrometeorological data

• historical agrometeorological data, Germany
  phenological seasons
• - elements average beginning, end and duration
  of 10 phenological seasons
• - temporal resolution average (1961-1990)
• - spatial resolution 40 stations
• - area/country/region Germany
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  available from web (see ref.)
• - references (incl. web pages)
• http//www.dwd.de/de/FundE/Klima/KLIS/daten/online
  /nat/index_phaeno.htm

21
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• 2. Please indicate any models (e.g., numerical
  weather models, regional climate models, weather
  generators) and/or their related outputs used in
  your country

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models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical weather models (Serbia)
• Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) (National
  Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), USA)
• - inputs/outputs standard outputs from mesoscale
  numerical weather prediction model
• - temporal resolution 2-5 days
• - spatial resolution 10 km
• - area/country/region globe
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  for the Serbian COST 734 delegates

23
models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical weather models (Croatia)
• ECMWF (UK), ALADIN (France)
• - inputs/outputs average air temperature,
  precipitation, sea level pressure
• - temporal resolution 6-hourly, down to a month
  ago (ECMWF) 3-hourly, since 2004 (ALADIN)
• - spatial resolution 25 km for ECMWF and 8 km
  for ALADIN
• - area/country/region Central Europe and
  Adriatic sea
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  for the Croatian COST 734 delegates only
• Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia ALADIN
• Greece, Spain, etc. - ECMWF

24
models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical weather models (Italy)
• RAMS (originally from CSU-USA, now distributed
  by ASTER)
• - temporal resolution outputs at daily and
  hourly values
• - spatial resolution varies depending on the
  application possible nested domains
• - area/country/region enlarged
  Euro-Mediterranean
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  belongs to ASTER and a license is needed
• http//www.aster.com/index.shtml
• http//www.lamma.rete.toscana.it

25
models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical weather models (Germany)
• Local model (LM) of the German Weather Service
  and the Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling
  (COSMO).
• - inputs/outputs hourly boundary conditions from
  GME (Global model), 48 hours forecast
• - temporal resolution hourly forecast
• - spatial resolution 7 km, 35 layers
• - area/country/region Germany, Europe
• http//www.dwd.de/de/FundE/Veroeffentlichung/Dokum
  entation/promet27203_4.pdf
• Germany, Italy, Greece, Romania, Poland

26
models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical weather models (Romania)
• The forecasters from NMA use also numerical
  models such as
• HRM, integrated twice a day (00 and 12 TU) for an
  anticipation of 72 hours (horizontal spatial
  resolution of 20 km)
• MM5, integrated 4 times a day (00, 06, 12, and 18
  TU) for an anticipation of 24 hours (horizontal
  resolution of 15 km)

27
models and/or their related outputs

• Numerical local area models (Italy)
• LAMI (by Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica)
• LAMBO (by ARPA Emilia Romagna SIM -
  http//www.arpa.emr.it/sim/)
• BOLAM by CNR Isac, managed by Servizio
  Agrometeorologico Regionale della Sardegna
  (http//www.sar.sardegna.it/) and Università di
  Genova (http//www.fisica.unige.it/atmosfera/bolam
  _avn.htm)
• applied also in Greece
• DALAM (by Ucea www.ucea.it)
• LILAM (by Meteoliguria http//www.meteoliguria.i
  t)

28
models and/or their related outputs

• Global climate models (Italy, Czech Republic)
• General Circulation Model PUMA (Portable
  University Model of Atmosphere) and Planet
  Simulator. Germany
• - temporal resolution monthly values
• - spatial resolution 3.5 deg
• - area/country/region globe
• - availability for the WG2 tasks free from owner
• - additional information other free weather
  generators - upon request
• www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/plasim
• GCMs IPCC DDC data, PRUDENCE outputs
• - availability for the WG2 tasks IPCC DDC,
  PRUDENCE server
• HadCM3 - Greece

29
models and/or their related outputs

• Regional climate models (Croatia)
• RegCM3 (Italy)
• - inputs/outputs air temperature, precipitation,
  
• - temporal resolution 6-hourly for winter and
  summer (1961-1990)
• - spatial resolution 50 km RegCM3
• - area/country/region Central and southern
  Europe and the northern Mediterranean sea
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  for the Croatian COST 734 delegates only
• In Spain the following models are used
  HIRLAM/INM, MESO-NH MM5 mesoscale model
  (PSU/NCAR).
• Regional climate model data PRUDENCE server !!!!

30
models and/or their related outputs

• Regional climate models (Greece)
• PRECIS
• Kotroni et al. Climatic projections in the
  eastern Mediterranean using the regional climatic
  model PRECIS. 8th Conference on Meteorology -
  Climatology Atmospheric Physics, Athens, May
  24-26, 2006.
• In order to investigate climate change and
  impacts in Greece as well as in the Eastern
  Mediterranean area, the regional climate model
  PRECIS, has been implemented in the National
  Observatory of Athens (NOA). For the application
  of the PRECIS model at NOA a horizontal analysis
  of 25 km was selected, which is the finest
  resolution used so far in the area as well as the
  complex land-sea distribution.

31
models and/or their related outputs

• Weather generators (Czech Republic, Croatia,
  Serbia)
• MetRoll and MRfi, Czech Republic
• - inputs/outputs in a standard use daily
  learning series of max and min air
  temperature, solar radiation or sunshine
  duration, precipitation wind speed and humidity
  daily weather values as outputs
• - temporal resolution unlimited series of daily
  values)
• - spatial resolution for given locations where
  inputs are available
• - area/country/region any site within the Czech
  Republic
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  free to use for research (particularly for COST
  734 participants) details at http//www.ufa.cas.c
  z/dub/dub.htm or contact mirek_trnka_at_yahoo.com

32
models and/or their related outputs

• Weather generators (Germany)
• CLIMGEN (USA)
• - inputs/outputs daily or monthly max and min
  air temperature, solar radiation or sunshine
  duration, precipitation / daily weather values as
  outputs Precipitation, Maximum and Minimum
  temperature, Solar radiation, Maximum and Minimum
  relative humidity, Maximum and Minimum dew point
  temperature, Windspeed, Vapor pressure deficit,
  reference evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith,
  Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves).
• - temporal resolution daily / 1 to 1440 minutes
  (storm events)
• - spatial resolution depending on data
  availability
• availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  registering and free download
• http//www.bsyse.wsu.edu/climgen/

33
models and/or their related outputs

• Weather generators (Spain)
• WGEN (USA)
• - inputs/outputs daily or monthly norms of max
  and min air temperature, solar radiation or
  sunshine duration, precipitation statistical
  parameters (in case of monthly norms)/ daily
  weather values as outputs (ITACYL)
• - temporal resolution unlimited series of daily
  values
• - spatial resolution for given locations where
  inputs are available
• - area/country/region every weather station in
  Castilla y León
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  belongs to DSSAT and a license is needed
• - additional information other free weather
  generators could be provided upon request
• http//www.itacyl.es/opencms/opencms/proyectos/inv
  estigacion/proyectos/proyecto_0026.html

34
models and/or their related outputs

• Weather generators (Switzeland)
• LARS-WG
• Racsko P., Szeidl L. Semenov M. (1991) A
  serial approach to local stochastic weather
  models. Ecological Modelling 57, 27-41.
• Semenov M.A., Brooks R.J., Barrow E.M.
  Richardson C.W (1998) Comparison of the WGEN and
  LARS-WG stochastic weather generators in diverse
  climates. Climate Research 10, 95-107.
• Semenov M.A. Brooks R.J. (1999) Spatial
  interpolation of the LARS-WG stochastic weather
  generator in Great Britain. Climate Research 11,
  137-148.

35
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• 3. Please name and shortly describe any
  homogenization tests/procedures applied to
  meteorological and agricultural related time
  series in your country

36
homogenization tests/procedures

• Croatia, etc.
• Standard Normal Homogeneity Test
• - short description Homogeneity testing of the
  temperature time series was performed by
  Alexanderssons SNHT test. The test requires a
  time series of monthly values from the test
  station and one or more reference series. The
  reference series are compared with the test
  series to estimate the relative homogeneity of
  the test series. The test series and reference
  series are obtained from monthly data on a
  seasonal and annual basis.
• - temporal resolution monthly, the period
  depends on the input time series (e.g. 1951-2005)
• - spatial resolution at least 10-20 weather
  stations are necessary
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  a license is needed

37
homogenization tests/procedures

• Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Bulgaria,etc.
• AnClim software for statistical analysis and
  homogenization
• - short description TXT files, working with one
  station at a time. Menu is ordered in a sequence
  (steps) to be taken during data processing
  viewing data, adjusting (transformation), testing
  distribution, finding outliers, homogeneity
  testing (both absolute and relative homogeneity
  tests), analysis, filtering.
• http//www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
• http//www.klimahom.com/software/AnClim.html
  
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  freeware, fully functional version with support
  upon contact and agreement with the author
  (Dr.Stepanek)

38
homogenization tests/procedures

• Italy
• Software ClimDex
• - short description a Microsoft Excel program
  designed to assist researchers in the analysis of
  climate change and detection. More specifically,
  ClimDex guides a user through a four-step
  analysis process, using a graphical user
  interface. This process consists of the following
  steps1. Quality Control 2. Homogeneity Testing
  3. Calculate Indices 4. Region Analysis
• - temporal resolution monthly, or daily the
  time resolution depends on the input time series
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  No restrictions
• - additional information fully available from
  the web site

39
homogenization tests/procedures

• France, Bulgaria
• PRODIGE (Meteo France)
• - short description The currently used in
  Météo-France homogenization procedure, does not
  require computation of regional reference series.
  The methodology of homogenization is valuable for
  practical use such as on climate data, even with
  poor or missing metadata, and allows the
  detection of multiple breaks.
• - temporal resolution monthly, the period
  depends on the input time series (e.g. 1951-2005)
• - spatial resolution at least 10-20 weather
  stations are necessary
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  Meteo France applies restrictions
• - additional information a new COST ES0601
  action just started

40
homogenization tests/procedures

• Spain
• Von Neumann ratio test
• Von Neumann, I. 1941. Distribution of the ratio
  of the mean square successive difference to the
  variance. Annals of Mathematical Statistics
  13367-395.
• Precipitation SNHT and Wald-Wolfowitz tests.
  Applied to the monthly precipitation values in
  stations with more than 20 years of data from
  1960 (approximately 1200 series).
• Temperature Mann test (applied to the monthly
  temperature values in stations with more than 20
  years of data from 1960). Petit test (applied to
  the monthly temperature values in stations with
  long series).

41
homogenization tests/procedures

• Greece
• N. Dalezios et al. Testing homogeneity of
  temperature and precipitation series in Greece.
  International symposium / workshop on climatic
  variability and impact to agriculture, Volos,
  April 21, 1994.
• This paper deals with tests on homogeneity of
  temperature and time series in Greece. The
  emphasis is placed on the identification of
  inhomogeneities in temperature and precipitation
  time series as well as on the specification of
  certain years, in which inhomogeneities occur.
  Moreover in this study correction factors are
  identified to artificially homogenize the time
  series. This accomplished by employing various
  homogeneity tests to monthly data over 37 years
  (1951-1987) at 31 stations over Greece which has
  been classified in 5 regions using Factor
  analysis.

42
homogenization tests/procedures

• Switzerland
• Auer I, et al., 2006 HISTALP-historical
  instrumental climatological surface time series
  of the Greater Alpine Region. Int. J.
  Climatology,27,17-46.
• Begert M, Schlegel T, Kirchhofer W, 2005
  Homogeneous temperature and precipitation series
  of Switzerland from 1864 to 2000. Int. J.
  Climatol.,25,65-80
• Della-Marta PM, 2006 A method of homogenizing
  the extremes and mean of daily temperature
  measurements. J. of Climate,19/17,4179-4197

43
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• 4. Please provide any information on the
  statistical methods for analyses of
  meteorological and simulation model output
  related time series

44
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Italy
• Trend Calculation Least squares Minimum
  Absolute Deviation Significance Testing
  Confidence intervals for least squares, the
  Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank statistics
  Indices for Extremes as in ECAD
• - software mainly in MATLAB. Some specific
  software for extremes available from ECAD
  (ClimDex).
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  MATLAB is proprietary software.
• Software to calculate indices
• eca.knmi.nl
• www.knmi.nl/samenw/eca/index.html
• www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/wmo/ccl
• www.cru.uea.ac.uk/projects/stardex

45
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Germany
• Trend Calculation through non-linear
  approximation of stochastic processes.
• - short description The method for nonlinear
  approximation of stochastic processes is derived
  for calculations of climatic trends of long-term
  meteorological data sets. The method uses among
  others spline approximation, Greens function and
  spectral transfer function of the Chauchy
  problem.
• - software in PASCAL
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  EXE file would be available for the WG2 members

46
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Serbia
• Time series analysis using quantitative
  parameters of chaos
• - short description This method includes
  deriving low attractors in atmospheric data time
  series and calculations corresponding quantities
  as the Lyapunov exponent, Kolmogorov entropy and
  Kaplan-Yorke dimension. It is also combining with
  filtering techniques for time series,
  particularly with the 4253H filter.
• - input/output time series/quantitative
  parameters for detection of the weak chaos
• - software in FORTRAN and C language
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  yes

47
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Spain
• Trend Calculation Least squares (used in
  diagnostic tool) Minimum Absolute Deviation
  Significance Testing Confidence intervals for
  least squares, the Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank
  statistics
• - software free
• Libiseller C. and Grimvall A., 2002 .Performance
  of Partial Mann Kendall Tests for Trend Detection
  in the Presence of Covariates, Environmetrics
  13,71-84

48
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Czech Republic
• Cluster Analysis Various techniques for
  assessment links with the agrometeorologicaly
  relevant events and e.g. regional circulation
  patterns (e.g. GWL)
• - software
• standard statistical packages SPSS, Statistica
  or Unistat licensed use restricted
• AnClim, neural networks, wavelet analysis packages

49
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Croatia, Poland, etc.
• softwareSTATISTICA
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  a license is needed

50
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Switzerland
• Trend analysis, Fourier and spectral analysis,
  and others.
• Mostly using available FORTRAN routines
• Recently, an increasing number of investigations
  have been carried out using the R language
• http//www.r-project.org
• , which is becoming a standard.

51
statistical methods for analyses of time series

• Greece
• 8th Conference on Meteorology - Climatology
  Atmospheric Physics, Athens, May 24-26, 2006.
• Anagnostopoulou et al. Extreme rainfall events
  over the Greek area theory and application of
  the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution
  and pareto distribution.
• Skourkeas et al. Model estimation of mean maximum
  and minimum temperatures in Greece.
• 6th Hellenic conference in meteorology
  climatology and atmospheric physics, 25-28
  September, 2002.
• Metaxas et al., Contribution to the seasonal air
  temperature forecast in the northern hemisphere
  with the use of statistical methods(Principal
  Components Analysis, Canonical Correlation
  Analysis)

52
WG2 Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and Model
Outputs

• 5. Please specify any additional
  data/information/problems/questions related to
  the implementation of the WG2 tasks and the
  achievement of the respective WG2 deliverables

53
additional data/info/problems/questions

• Norway
• - short description By means of GIS weather and
  soil data are combined for application of a plant
  development model for barley to make estimates of
  crop security in a marginal area for cereal
  production. Daily weather data were interpolated
  to soil type units.
• - input/output daily weather records and digital
  soil type maps
• - software FORTRAN
• - elements air temperature, cloud cover,
  relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation
• - temporal resolution diurnal recordings during
  the years 1991 through 2000.
• - spatial resolution On about 31,000 soil type
  units of about 21,000 ha arable land
• - area/country/region On the arable land of the
  communities Steinkjer and Inderøy (approx. 64oN)
  in Central Norway
• - availability for the WG2 tasks implementation
  printed article

54
additional data/info/problems/questions

• Lack of sufficient data or poor quality data
• Spain Lack of data or poor quality data when
  the need is for data of high temporal and spatial
  resolution. In many cases it could be difficult
  to provide good quality gridded data of daily
  meteorological values for grids smaller than 40
  km2
• Slovakia pure qality of some agrometeorological
  data /soil moisture and agrotechnical data/ some
  data are still stored on the paper sheets /part
  of soil moisture and phenological data/

55
additional data/info/problems/questions

• Time demanding tasks
• Some short visits between COST 734 members would
  be of help (Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia)

56
additional data/info/problems/questions

• Bibliography (Italy)
• Mariani L., 2002. Reti di osservazione e banche
  di dati meteorologici in Italia, Workshop
  Climagri del 7 marzo 2002, http//www.climagri.it/
  prog7_8.htm
• Maugeri M., 2002. Disponibilità, affidabilità e
  omogeneità di serie storiche di dati
  meteorologici in Italia, http//www.climagri.it/pr
  og7_8.htm
• Nanni M.T., 2002. Metodi per la valutazione
  dellomogeneità e per lestrazione di segnali da
  serie storiche di dati meteorologici,http//www.cl
  imagri.it/prog7_8.htm
• Buzzi A., 2002. L'evoluzione dei modelli
  previsionali a breve scadenza, http//www.climagri
  .it/prog7_8.htm.
• Brunetti, M., Buffoni, L., Maugeri, M., Nanni,
  T., 2000. Trends of minimum and maximum daily
  temperatures in Italy from 1865 to 1996. Theor.
  Appl. Climatol., 66, 49-60.
• Brunetti, M., Mangianti, Maugeri, M., Nanni, T.,
  2000. Climate variation in Italy from 1866 to
  1995. World Resources Review, 12, 31-43.  
  Brunetti, M., Maugeri, M., Nanni, T., 2000.
  Variations of temperature and precipitation in
  Italy from 1866 to 1995. Theor. Appl. Climatol.,
  65, 165-174.

57
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58
Summarizing Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and
Crop Model Outputs in Europe

• Author(s)
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Goals, task and material
• Short overview of previous results WMO (S),
  IPCC (RO,BG), national studies, etc.

59
Summarizing Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and
Crop Model Outputs in Europe

• Summarizing WG2 questionnaires
• Question by question 4 parts
• Concluding remarks
• Acknowledgements
• References
• ANNEX all questionnaires (redo if necessary)?
• Map of the countries submitted questionnaires

60
Summarizing Trends in Agroclimatic Indices and
Crop Model Outputs in Europe

• Tables related to the questions data, models,
  methods, contact persons
• Figures, etc.

61
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62
Working plan next year

• Determination of case studies S, RO, BG, PL,
  !!!
• Collecting meteo and agrometeo data for the
  selected regions (WG1, WG4)
• Data quality control, homogenization data