Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR Imaging

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging

• Shane Johnson

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What is NMR imaging?

• NMRI or MRI?
• Sub-millimeter resolution with 60 m waves
• Technique allowing cross-sectional images of the
  human body
• Allows monitoring of pathological processes on
  the molecular level

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When was it developed?

• 1946 inception of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• 1971 magnetic resonance considered for disease
  detection
• 1973 x-ray tomography introduced
• 1977 demonstrated MRI of the whole body
• 1980 clinical trails initiated

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Why was it developed?

• Reveals the distribution of atoms in a material
• No harmful X-rays
• May discriminate among overlapping structures
• Discriminates between healthy and diseased tissue
• Localized scanning with fine anatomical detail
  (more detail than x-ray tomography)

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How does it work?

• Nuclei with a net magnetic moment are made to
  behave like miniature transmitters
• Radiologists look for the NMR signal
• Images are based on spatial variations of the
  phase and frequency being emitted by the imaged
  object

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Block Diagram
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Imaging planes
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Also Known As

• Spin imaging
• Spin mapping
• Zeugmatography
• NMR tomography
• Field focusing nuclear magnetic resonance

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Questions?
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References

• Mansfield and Morris, NMR Imaging in Biomedicine,
  1982
• Bilaniuk, NMR imaging in medicine, Phys. Educ.
  Vol 19, 1984
• http//www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/inside.htm