Shigella dysenteriae

1
Shigella dysenteriae

• Shabista Hussain

2
Background

• Facultative
• Non-motile
• Gram-negative bacilli
• Usually occur in humans
• discovered by a Japanese scientist K. Shiga

3
Pathogenesis

• Infection is initiated by ingestion of Shigellae
  usually by fecal-oral contamination.
• Also if poor hygiene and hand washing habits.
• By eating vegetables that become contaminated if
  they are harvested from a field with sewage.
• Flies can breed infected feces then contaminate
  food
• By drinking or swimming in contaminated water.

4
Symptoms

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Dehydration
• convulsions

5
Associated Foods

• Salads (potato, tuna, shrimp, macaroni, and
  chicken).
• Raw vegetables
• Milk and dairy products
• poultry

6
Prevalence

• Angola
• Burundi
• Equatorial Guinea
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Malawi
• Zimbabwe

7
Treatment

• Correcting abnormalities resulting from isotonic
  dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and significant
  potassium loss.
• Replacing the initial fluids and electrolytes
  lost intravenously.
• Prescribing antibiotics like ampicillin,
  trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (also known as
  Bactrium or Septra), nalidixic acid, or
  ciprofloxacin.

8
Prevention

• Careful hand washing with antibacterial soap.
• Maintaining a chlorine level of 0.5 PPM in
  swimming pools.
• Cooking food thoroughly
• Not allowing those who have been infected with
  the Shigella organism to prepare food.
• Drinking water that has been chlorinated or
  treated with ozone
• Consuming only pasteurized dairy foods.

9
Conclusion

• Shigella dysenteriae is a human pathogen spread
  by fecal-oral route.
• Can cause a person to suffer from diarrhea,
  fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, and blood in
  stool.
• Can be cured by antibiotics such as ampicillin
  trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and others.

10
Conclusion cont.

• Can be prevented by proper hygiene and by eating
  foods that have been cooked properly.
• And when visiting a third world country drinking
  fluids that are either carbonated or imported or
  have been in contact with alcohol for a prolonged
  period.