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Planet Pop

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Case study: Paul Simon Graceland. Commodification and appropriation ... Paul Simon Graceland. Paul Simon. Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Graceland controversy ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Planet Pop


1
Planet Pop
  • 3 Mystic Erotic Exotic
  • (Representation in World Music)

Lecturer Katherine Brown Email
k.r.brown_at_leeds.ac.uk Room 2.21
2
Todays Lecture
  • Representation in world music marketing how
    world music is packaged in order to sell it
  • Stereotypes of non-Western/non-metropolitan
    people and music used to sell records
  • Case study Le mystère des voix Bulgares
  • Commercial exploitation of non-Western musicians
  • Case study Paul Simon Graceland

3
Commodification and appropriation
  • to understand or appreciate world music, it
    has not only to be presented by an intermediary
    but commodified. Tim Taylor
  • To commodify to turn into an object that can be
    sold
  • Intermediary one who stands between the product
    and the consumer, who interprets

4
Commodification and appropriation
  • Assumptions of world-music marketing to sell
    non-Western music to a Western audience
  • 1) it cannot be appreciated on its own terms (or
    in academic, scholarly terms)
  • 2) it needs to be explained by a Westerner
  • 3) it needs to be sold to Westerners on THEIR
    terms, in terms they understand, not those of the
    creators appropriation

5
Commodification and appropriation
  • Music has no inherent meaning the meaning is all
    added by culture.
  • Appropriation is the act of taking the music of
    another and giving it meaning by understanding it
    in ones own cultural framework (e.g. drone
    Eastern mysticism)
  • HOW use of old, familiar stereotypes
    (misrepresentations) of non-Westerners generated
    in the era of European colonialism

6
Aladdin negative stereotypes
7
Aladdin positive stereotypes
8
Mystical, magical (spiritual) utopia
I can show you the world Shining, shimmering,
splendid Tell me, princess, now when did you
last let your heart decide? I can open your eyes
Take you wonder by wonder Over, sideways and
under on a magic carpet ride A whole new world
A new fantastic point of view No one to tell
us no Or where to go Or say we're only dreaming
9
Erotic the belly dancer
10
Orientalism
  • Same, more positive stereotypes of non-Western
    people used to market world music
  • BUT these representations bound up in a history
    of colonial exploitation that can be replicated
    in the world music industry and in listeners
    consumption of stereotypes about third-world
    people that have real (economic/political)
    consequences

11
Orientalism and exoticism
  • Edward Said Orientalism (1978)
  • Western representations of the East (and by
    extension any non-Western cultures)
  • Difference East as Other (and, by definition,
    inferior in relation to governance sometimes
    superior in relation to nature and spirituality)
  • Believed to be true, bolstered by writings of
    travellers, officials and (some) scholars
  • Used to underpin the colonial enterprise

12
Spiritual
13
Spiritual
14
Spiritual
15
Buddha Bar China Dream
16
Buddha Bar Nature Deep Believe
17
Natural
18
Ancient/primitive/timeless
19
Erotic
20
Celebration, dance
  • All of this is dance/chillout/trance music
  • All of it apparently celebrates world peace,
    globalisation and hybridity as celebration, world
    oneness

21
Authenticity, utopia
All of this presents non-Western cultures as not
only essentially different, but as providing a
utopia, a haven, for tired-out Westerners, and
doing so on the basis of restoring a lost
authenticity, roots, from an earlier, less
stressful age
22
The techno-explorer
23
The techno-explorer
24
Le mystère des voix Bulgares
25
Paul Simon Graceland
26
Paul Simon
27
Ladysmith Black Mambazo
28
Graceland controversy
  • During South African boycott over apartheid Paul
    Simon expressed no interest in South Africa or
    political situation, and is thought to have
    reinforced white-black inequities
  • Economics Ladysmith got paid a flat fee for
    recording and Zimbabwe concert Simon got
    royalties and international video rights
  • Creativity Ladysmiths authorship only credited
    on Homeless, Simon on all the rest

29
You can call me Al
  • Pennywhistle South African kwela (black urban
    improvisational street genre of 1950s and 60s
    black townships in worst era of apartheid)
    ironed out for Western tastes
  • Bass guitar style South African mbube (Zulu
    choral style prominent bass, call and response
    pattern, characteristic glides)
  • Together, basic backing of the song township
    instrumental jive mbaqanga

30
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