Egypt's Past

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Egypt's Past
By Elizabeth Antrobus
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Geography
For thousands of years,Egyptians have relied on
the Nile River for their survival. Because of
its constant flooding,the Nile is a land of
fertile. Back then Egypt was divided into two
lands, the black land and the red land. The
banks of the Nile was called the black land
because it was so fertile. There, the ancient
Egyptians used the black land to grow their
crops, which they would need for their food. The
red land was the opposite of the black land.
It was a barren dessert where no crops would
grow. Even so, the red land was used to
protected Egypt from invading armies and near-by
countries. It also was used to produce metals and
precious stone

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Economics
They were often well-respected in the
community and had a comfortable lifestyle. Yet
every craftsman's lifestyle and social standing
depended on the quality of his skills and
experience. Thus, some craftsmen had more
difficult lives than others. Most craftsmen
worked in workshops with other craftsmen. Objects
for temples or the pharaoh were made in temple
workshops or palace workshops. Objects for
ordinary people were made by local craftsmen in
small workshops.
Ancient Egyptian craftsmen were hard working
laborers.
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Religion and Philosophy
The Egyptians believed in different gods and
goddesses. The ancient Egyptians believed in
life after death. So when a pharaoh, a royal
family member or a wealthy man died, they would
mummify him. A After the funeral procession,
the pharaoh was laid to rest in his tomb in a
pyramid. Unfortunately many grave robbers robbed
the pharaohs grave so in 233 b.c., the Egyptians
decided to bury their pharaohs in the valley of
the dead, a large dessert like valley
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Language, Education and the Arts
In the later half of the 5th Dynasty, the royal
titulary contained 5 titles or great names.
Every one of the title expressed a specific point
of view on the ancient Egyptian royalty.
From the later half of the 5th Dynasty on, the
royal titulary consisted of 5 titles or "great
names". Each of the titles expresses a specific
view-point on the Egyptian royalty and is
discussed here The Horus-name The oldest known
part of the royal titulary is the Horus-name ,
sometimes also called the banner-name or the
Ka-name. It represents the king as the earthly
embodiment of the god Horus, the divine prototype
and patron of the Egyptian kings. This name is
ordinarily written within a rectangular frame, at
the bottom of which is seen a design of recessed
panelling, such as we find in the facades of
early tombs and in the false doors of many
private tombs. The Ancient Egyptian name for this
facade was serekh. This name is often used in
modern texts as well when speaking of the
(palace) facade. On the top of the serekh is
perched the falcon of Horus, hence the
appellation "Horus-name". In more elaborate New
Kingdom examples Horus is wearing the double
crown and is accompanied by the sun and a
uraeus. In the Early-Dynastic Period, the perched
falcon of Horus was in fact part of the name of
the king. Aha, for instance, was actually called
Horus-Aha, "Horus who fights".
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Political Science
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Sociology
The people of Ancient Egypt highly praised family
life. The parents treasured their children and
the children praised their parents. If the family
was wealthy, the children were watched by
servants and slaves. If the family were lower
class, the mother would
raised the children. The wealthy and nobility,
had slaves and servants that helped take care of
the children by attending to their daily needs.
If a couple had no children, they would pray to
the gods and goddesses for help. They would also
place letters at the tombs of dead relatives
asking them to use their influence with the gods.
Magic was also used as an attempt to have
children. In event that a couple still could not
conceive a child, adoption was also an option.
Although women were expected to obey their
fathers and husbands, they were equal to men in
many ways. They had the legal right to
participate in business deals, own land, and were
expected to represent themselves in court cases.
Women even faced the same penalties as men.
Sometimes wives and mothers of pharaohs were the
"real" ruling power in government, though they
ruled unknowingly to common people. Queen
Hatshepsut was the only woman who ruled out right
by declaring herself pharaoh. An Egyptian wife
and mother were highly respected in this ancient
society. Young boys learned a trade or craft
from their fathers or an artisan. Young girls
worked and received their training at home with
their mothers. Those who could afford it sent
their sons, from about the age 7, to school to
study religion, reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Even though there is no evidence of schools for
girls, some were home taught to read and write
and some even became doctors.
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History
For 3000 years, Ancient Egypt has been divided
into 8 to 9 periods, better known as kingdoms.
The kingdom were known as the Early Dynastic
Period, the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate
Period, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, the
Late Dynastic Period and the Greek-Roman
Period. The first capitol of Ancient Egypt was
known as
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Bibliography
Geography http//www.ancientegypt.co.uk/geography
/index.html Economics Religion and
Philosophy http//www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/mummy/