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Title: Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan CHSP


1
Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan (CHSP)
Jerry Roche, P.E. Safety Mobility
Engineer Federal Highway Administration Iowa
Division
2
2005-2009Federal Transportation Act
  • SAFETEA-LU
  • Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient
    Transportation Equity Act A Legacy for Users
  • Requires each state to have a Strategic Highway
    Safety Plan meeting certain criteria and should
    then report the process to FHWA. FHWA then issued
    guidelines that define who should be involved
    in the process and other suggested / required
    elements to consider.

SAFETEA-LU Requirements
3
Highway Safety
  • Why a Congressional Priority Now?
  • Americans can do more to improve highway safety
  • 43,000 deaths per year
  • Every year this country experiences a national
    tragedy that is as preventable as it is
    devastating.
  • The enormous cost to society is about 230
    billion, or 820 per person.
  • - Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta April
    2006

4
Global Safety ComparisonsFatality Rate (2002
Data) Deaths/1B kmVT
  • United Kingdom 7.6
  • Sweden 8.3
  • Norway 8.3
  • Switzerland 8.4
  • Finland 8.5
  • Australia 9.0
  • Denmark 9.2
  • Canada 9.3
  • USA 9.4
  • Germany 11.1

2nd
10th
(Source IRTAD 2004)
5
Change the Safety Culture
  • I would conclude that one of the failures in
    the United States is to get highway safety as a
    high priority for key decision makers.
  • -Brian ONeill , President and CEO
  • Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

6
Why Success in Other Industrialized Nations
?Safety Culture
Safety Culture
  • United Kingdom
  • Typical speeding, safety belt or cell phone
    traffic violation fine 1,000 1,893
  • Automated speed enforcement is commonly employed
  • Sweden
  • Vision Zero national goal is NO highway deaths
  • The lowest legal level is .02 BAC
  • Norway
  • Increased traffic fines up to 30 percent in 2003
  • Driving under the influence carries mandatory
    jail time.
  • Denmark
  • Fines are collected on-the-spot for the
    infringement of all traffic regulations.


7
FinlandWhen it comes to crime, the wealthy
should suffer as much as the poor.
Safety Culture
  • Traffic fines generally are based on two
    factors
  • the severity of the offense
  • the driver's income
  • Jaako Rytsola, a 27-year-old Finnish Internet
    entrepreneur and newspaper columnist, was
    cruising in his BMW one recent evening. The
    officer pulled over Mr. Rytsola's car and issued
    him a speeding ticket for driving 43 miles an
    hour in a 25-mile-an-hour zone.
    The fine 71,400.

8
Australia - Most like the U.S.Government, Road
Systems and Travel Patterns
  • From nearly identical rates in 1980, the
    Australian rate has fallen to a point where it is
    now a little more than half the U.S. rate. (Based
    on public health measures of deaths/population)
  • Implementing the Halving Fatalities goal
    introduced several traffic safety legislative and
    regulatory amendments to increase police powers,
    sharpen laws, and increase penalties.

HALVING Roadway Fatalities, A Case Study from
Victoria, Australia, 1989-2004
9
Australias Safety Culture Based on Every
Drivers Responsibility
  • Impairment
  • .05 blood alcohol content (BAC) for all drivers
  • Zero BAC first three years after licensing and
    for taxi drivers
  • Immediate license loss for all drunk-driver
    second or subsequent offenses
  • Enforcement
  • Increased random breath testing Efforts
    increased five-fold resulting in (statistically)
    one in three drivers likely to be tested
    annually.
  • Introduced automated speed limit enforcement with
    cameras
  • Vulnerable Road users
  • Mandatory bicycle helmet use law (motorcycle
    helmet law since 1960s)
  • Education
  • Long-term program of public education to support
    specific safety initiatives and keep traffic
    safety in the public arena

HALVING Roadway Fatalities, A Case Study from
Victoria, Australia, 1989-2004
10
Australias Success Factors
  • A Sound and Realistic Plan
  • Political and Bureaucratic Leadership
  • Integrated Implementation
  • Other Enabling Factors
  • Past success
  • Strong relationships
  • Sound data for evidence-based decisions
  • Public education
  • Supportive media
  • Results
  • A Safety Culture Change

The plan must not only be evidence-based, but it
must have sharp teeth.
HALVING Roadway Fatalities A Case Study from
Victoria, Australia 1989-2004
11
IowaActual Fatalities vs. Possible
FatalitiesNumber of fatalities possible if the
rate of fatalities had remainedat 1990 level of
2.00 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled
Actual Fatalities
Possible Fatalities
26
12
Iowa Fatalities Trend Line
13
Five-year Average Annual Fatality Trend
14
Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan (CHSP)
  • Time for a Culture Change

15
Opportunitiesthe Iowa CHSP
  • In Iowa the low hanging fruit has been picked.
  • More lives can be saved.
  • Proven strategies are available to reach the
    remaining fruit.

16
Iowa Transportation Overview
17
Map of Public Roads
Iowa Public Roads
Iowa has nearly 39 miles of public roads for
every 1000 people.
5
18
Iowa DOT/DPS Programs Address Local Safety Needs
Rural Interstate
23
13
137
Average Fatalities per year
108
City/County 51
41
55
Based on 2002-2006 Crash Fatalities
19
Highway Crashes are Complex
  • Driver conditions and behavior
  • A contributing factor in 95 percent of crashes
  • Primary factor in 67 percent of crashes
  • Roadway design and environment
  • A contributing factor in 28 percent of crashes
  • Primary factor in 4 percent of crashes
  • Vehicle
  • A contributing factor in 8 percent of crashes
  • Primary factor in 4 percent of crashes

20
And So are the Solutions The Five Es of
Highway Safety
Multi-disciplinary strategies are the key to
further success
21
Multi-DisciplineIowa Highway Safety Partnership
22
One Death is One Too Many 445 Annual Fatalities
is Not AcceptablePutting a face on fatalities

23
Safety Stakeholders SummitState and Local
EmphasisApril 26, 2006
24
Iowas CHSP Will Be Data-Driven
  • What will really move the numbers?

25
Developing the Iowa CHSPIdentifying
Opportunities and Trends
15
26
Iowa Success
  • Impairment
  • 24 percent alcohol involvement crashes
  • 3rd lowest rate in the nation
  • Occupant Protection
  • 90 percent belt usage
  • 11th highest in the nation
  • Young Drivers
  • Reduction in young driver traffic crashes and
    convictions

27
Basis of Iowa Success Legislative Support
28
Basis of Iowa Success Legislative Support
  • 1982, per se OWI law.
  • 1987 primary seatbelt law
    Life Toll was at 5804 lives saved
  • 1987 TSIP ½ program for safety
    (1/2 of 1 RUTF)
  • 1999 Iowas Graduated Driver License (GDL)
    (three tier licensing system for young
    drivers)
  • 2003 .08 BAC impaired driving law.
  • In 2004 child restraint provisions enhanced

29
Basis of Iowa Success Program Support
30
Basis of Iowa SuccessProgram Support
  • In 2004, Iowa DOT adopted a paved shoulder and
    rumble strip policy on selected two-lane and
    four-lane facilities.
  • In 2005, 298 miles of shoulders were
    paved.
  • Iowa DPS and GTSB continue to coordinate
    multi-agency, high-profile enforcement efforts.

31
Basis of Iowa SuccessProgram Support
  • GTSB and the Department of Public Health continue
    to support child safety seat awareness and
    technician training.
  • In the last decade, the Iowa DOT replaced a
    number of two-lane, high-crash roads with
    four-lane divided roads.
  • The Iowa DNR has made progress in reducing the
    Iowa deer herd.

32
Iowas SuccessOther Contributing Factors
  • Iowa DOT Safety Engineering
  • Designated State Safety Engineer and 7 staff
  • Include low-cost safety improvements in
    resurfacing projects using 3R funds
  • Safety funds programmed based on statewide
    analyses
  • Allocate to Worst First
  • Do not sub-allocate federal safety funds

33
Safety Stakeholders SummitApril 26, 2006
34
Summit Vote
35
Top 8 Target Areas Iowa Recommended by CHSP
Safety Summit Vote
  • Distracted Drivers
  • Young Drivers
  • Occupant Protection
  • Lane Departure
  • Older Persons Mobility
  • Impaired Driver
  • Intersections
  • Local Roads

April 26, 2006 - 100 Summit AttendeesApril 27,
2006 - 60 SMS Attendees
36
Target Area Team AssignmentsTeams met May - July
  • Each team received guidelines and basic target
    area data to help them develop
  • Goals,
  • Objectives,
  • Policy Strategies,
  • Program Strategies, and
  • Performance Measures.

Use the data Focus on what will REALLY move
the numbers
37
Top Strategies
  • Top 5 Policy
  • Enhance GDL
  • All Positions Belted
  • Motorcycle Helmet Law
  • Enforcement
  • Safety Improvements
  • Top 8 Program
  • Lane Departure Countermeasures
  • Safety Corridors
  • Innovative Intersections
  • MDSTs (Local Teams)
  • Data Availability
  • Older Driver Single Contact
  • Public Education and Training
  • Gravel Roads Awareness

38
Top 5 Policy Strategies Legislative
  • Strengthen Graduated Drivers License/Minor
    School License provisions
  • Require occupant restraints in all seating
    positions
  • Restore a motorcycle helmet law
  • Support traffic safety enforcement and
    adjudication with adequate funding
  • Increase Iowa Traffic Safety Improvement Program
    funding from one-half of one percent to a full
    one percent of the state road use tax fund

39
Young Driver SafetyLegislative
  • Strengthen MSL/GDL driver license laws with
    stronger provisions that are proven to reduce
    specific risks and save lives.
  • Raise the school license age
  • only 3 other states allow school licenses
  • Comparing school license to those with an
    instructional license, the school license holders
    were 6.5 times more likely to have a moving
    violation conviction and 11.5 times more likely
    to have a crash
  • Increase practice hours with parents
  • Reduce night driving
  • Restrict passengers
  • Require occupant restraints in all seating
    positions
  • Prohibit cell phone use while operating a vehicle

40
Occupant ProtectionLegislative
  • Require proper occupant restraints in all seating
    positions to address at-risk demographic groups.
  • Iowas front seat belt law compliance rate for
    occupants is 90 percent.
  • Still, nearly 50 percent of people who die in
    Iowa crashes are not wearing safety belts.
  • Rear seating positions arent markedly safer
  • Frequently at-risk back seat riders include
  • Children between car-seat age and driving age
  • Teen passengers
  • Older persons

41
Motorcycle SafetyLegislative
Top 5 Policy Strategies
  • Motorcycle helmet law
  • Age 17 and younger
  • Iowa is one of just three states in the nation
    with no motorcycle safety helmet law
  • Recent crash data
  • Older riders are over-represented
  • Fatality trend is up since 1996
  • 2006
  • 56 motorcycle fatalities
  • 5 died over Labor Day weekend alone
  • 2007
  • 22 fatalities as of 7/10/07

1960 2006 Motorcycle Fatalities Trends
Highest in 1978 with over 80 fatalitiesLowest in
1996 with under 20 fatalities
42
Law EnforcementLegislative
  • Provide adequate resources and staffing levels to
    support enforcement and adjudication of traffic
    safety laws
  • Officials estimate that
  • Statewide, Iowa has lost about 500, or 10
    percent, of the law enforcement workforce in
    recent years

43
Traffic Safety Improvement Program Legislative
Top 5 Policy Strategies
  • Increase the Iowa Traffic Safety Improvement
    Program funding from one half of one percent
    (1/2 percent) to a full one percent (1 percent)
    of the states Road Use Tax Fund
  • Could include provisions to ensure adequate local
    project funding
  • Could include language to support CHSP goals

44
Other Strategies Considered
  • Motorcycle Safety
  • Headlight modulators.
  • 0.05 alcohol limit
  • Distracted Driving
  • More research is underway
  • Technology may contribute to both the
    distractions and the solutions.

45
Top 8 Program Strategies Administrative
  • Lane Departure Countermeasures
  • Safety Corridors
  • Unpaved Rural Roads
  • Innovative Intersection Designs
  • Local Multi-Discipline Safety Teams
  • Safety Data Availability and Assistance
  • Multi-Discipline Traffic Safety Education and
    Training
  • Older Persons Safe Mobility

46
Lane Departure Administrative
  • Enhance Lane Departure-related design standards
    and policies
  • Paved shoulders / shoulder rumble strips
  • Median cable barriers
  • Pavement markings and signs
  • Rumble stripes

47
Safety Corridors Administrative
  • Identify Safety Corridors and use
    multi-discipline strategies to mitigate
    specific crash causes or conditions.
  • For example Lane departure analysis for Iowas
    5 program.

SPEED
IMPAIRED
UNBELTED
48
Unpaved RoadsAdministrative
  • Promote slower driving on rural unpaved roads.
  • 21 percent of SVROR fatal and severe injury
    crashes occur on unpaved public roads
  • More than 70 percent of unpaved-road,
    lane-departure crashes occur on low volume roads
    (lt100 vehicles/day)

49
Innovative Intersection Designs Administrative
  • Promote innovative intersection designs, such as
    roundabouts, where appropriate

50
Local Multi-Discipline Safety Teams
Administrative
  • Support local multi-discipline safety teams
    (MDSTs) to help identify and resolve local crash
    causes and enhance local crash response practices
  • MDSTs use Safety Es to help address local
  • traffic planning
  • traffic management
  • incident management

51
Enhance Data Availability and Use Administrative
  • Enhance data availability and assistance to state
    and local safety programs for problem
    identification and evidence-based decisions.
  • Provide free periodic and on-demand local data
    analyses in user-friendly GIS maps, charts and
    tables. Examples follow
  • Law enforcement (speed and alcohol crash
    involvement
  • Engineering (roadway elements)
  • Planning (density and crash causes in an MPO or
    RPA)
  • Special areas (school routes, older driver areas)
  • County profiles available at http//www.dot.state.
    ia.us/crashanalysis/
  • ITDS additional services at http//www.ctre.iastat
    e.edu/itsds/
  • geographic information system map examples
    follow

52
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53
Older Persons Safe Mobility Administrative
  • Provide for a single point-of-contact among
    existing programs to help older people and their
    families navigate the resources available for
    changing safe mobility needs
  • Promote older person safe mobility awareness and
    tools for sustaining safe driving conditions for
    aging drivers from competent driver to assisted
    rider stages

1. Florida 2. Pennsylvania3. West Virginia4.
North Dakota 5. Iowa
Percentage of residents 65
54
Multi-Discipline Traffic Safety Education and
Training Administrative
  • Engineering
  • Law Enforcement
  • Planning
  • Other Es and local MDST teams
  • The Motoring Public

55
Timely Accurate Crash Data Collection
  • More than 65 of Iowas crash data is reported
    electronically.
  • Immediate availability
  • Iowa collects crash data on public roads.
  • Iowa crash data collected with Traffic and
    Criminal Software (TraCS) using the Iowa
    National Model.
  • The data is available for local use
    simultaneously with the electronic transfer to
    the statewide files.
  • TraCS is currently used by over 20 states and
    provinces. http//www.tracsinfo.us/Tracs_Home.asp
  • Smart Map location tool enables consistent,
    automated capture of event location on all
    reports statewide.
  • Data is available to local governments.

56
Outstanding Data Analysis ToolsUsed both
statewide and locally
  • Ability to analyze data in detail to focus state
    and local resources where we can optimize the
    return on our investments.
  • Iowas range of data analysis tools software is
    available to state and local entities.
  • Technical support and training is made available
    as needed.
  • Many standard reports by county or city are
    available online.

57
CHSP Timeline
  • September 2006 - content review and acceptance by
    state agency executives
  • April 2007 - Joint submission to FHWA for process
    approval. (Department of Transportation and
    Department of Public Safety)
  • May 2007 - FHWA Approval
  • May 2007 - Safety Summit
  • July 2007 Presentation to the Iowa DOT
    Commission
  • Forward - CHSP Implementation through Action
    Teams and the Iowa Traffic Safety Alliance

58
The care of human life and
happiness is the first and only
objective of good government. -Thomas
Jefferson
59
Iowa Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan
  • For More Information
  • Mary Stahlhut
  • CHSP Project Manager
  • Iowa Department of Transportation
  • 515.239.1169
  • Mary.Stahlhut_at_dot.iowa.gov
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