Army Operations

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United States Army
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United States Army

• Organization
• Equipment
• Capabilities
• Limitations
• Performance

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You may fly over land forever... bomb it...
atomize it...wipe it clean of life... But if you
desire to defend it, protect it, or keep it for
civilization... You must do this on the ground by
putting your young men into the mud
T. R. Fehrenbach
This Kind of War
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Role of the Army

• Title 10, U.S. Code
• ... organized, trained, and equipped for prompt
  and sustained combat incident to operations on
  land
• specifically to
• Defeat enemy land forces
• Seize, occupy, and defend land areas

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An Army In Transition
STRATEGIC ROLES CHANGING
1989 5 CORPS 18 AC DIVs 770K 78.6B
BUDGET TRENDS
OOTW
EUROPEAN DRAWDOWN
1994 4 CORPS 12 AC DIV 540K 62.1B
BRAC
MODERNIZATION
1998 4 CORPS 10 AC DIVs 490K 60.1B

• SMALLEST ARMY SINCE 1939
• HIGHEST OPERATIONAL PACE SINCE VIETNAM

PERSONNEL STRENGTH
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ACTIVE FORCES--1998(WHATS LEFT)

• I CORPS--2 ID (M) 25 ID (L)
• III CORPS--1 ID (M), 4 ID (M), 2 AD
• V CORPS--3 ID (M) 1 AD
• XVIII CORPS--1 CAV DIV, 24 ID (M), 82 ABN, 101
  AASLT, 10 MTN (L)

• 2 ARMOR DIV
• 4 MECH DIV
• 1 AIR ASSLT DIV
• 2 LIGHT DIV
• 1 ABN DIV

12 (FY94) - 2 (FY97) 10 (FY97)
8th Largest Army in the World
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US ARMY TACTICAL ORGANIZATIONS
XXXX LTG/GEN
Army Service Component Command
ECHELON ABOVE CORPS (EAC)
XXX 50-200K / LTG
CORPS
XX 11-17K / MG
DIVISION
X 4,500 / COL
BRIGADE
lll 2,,500 / COL
REGIMENT/ GROUP
ll 900 / LTC
BATTALION
l 200 / CPT
COMPANY
ooo 45 / LT
PLATOON
SPAN OF CONTROL 3 TO 5 SUBORDINATE UNITS
oo 10 / SGT
SQUAD
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US Army Corps
50,000 - 150,000 Personnel
XXX
Corps HQs
Combat
Artillery
Engineers
Armor Div
Mech Div
ACR
ADA Patriot
Combat Support
Civil Affairs
Combat Service Support
Ammo
Support
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US ARMY COMBAT DIVISIONS
XX
XX
XX
LIGHT INFANTRY (2)
AIRBORNE (1)
XX
XX
AIR ASSAULT (1)
ARMOR (2)
MECHANIZED (2)
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LIGHT INFANTRY DIVISIONS

• 10,813 SOLDIERS
• 1,650 VEHICLES
• 44 TOWs
• 162 DRAGON/JAVELIN
• 54 105mm HOW(T)
• 8 155mm HOW(T)
• 41 AH58D---PLUS 43 OTHER HELOs

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LIGHT INFANTRY DIVISIONS

• CAPABILITIES
• RAPIDLY DEPLOYABLE
• SUITED FOR CLOSE TERRAIN/MOUT
• NIGHT OPERATIONS
• LESS LOGISTICS
• OOTW

• LIMITATIONS
• TACTICAL MOBILITY
• FIREPOWER
• ANTI-ARMOR CAPABILITY

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M198 HOWITZER (T)155mm
CAPABILITIES RANGE 18 - 30km (RAP)
AMMUNITION Conventional,Guided, DP-ICM,
Scatterable Mines RATE OF FIRE 4 rpm


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AH-58DKIOWA WARRIOR
CAPABILITIES ARMAMENT 4 x HELLFIRE
2.75 ROCKET .50 cal MG STINGER
PERFORMANCE DATA CRUISE SPEED 90 kts
ENDURANCE 2hrs 35 MAX RANGE 260 mi
PAYLOAD 4 pax LIFT C-130 (2 per ACFT)

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AIRBORNE DIVISION

• 13,149 SOLDIERS
• 2,573 VEHICLES
• 188 TOW
• 162 DRAGON/JAVELIN
• 54 105mm HOW(T)
• 49 AH-58D---PLUS 56 OTHER HELOs

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AIRBORNE DIVISION

• CAPABILITIES
• RAPIDLY DEPLOYABLE
• FIGHT ON CLOSE TERRAIN/MOUT
• NIGHT OPERATIONS
• FORCED-ENTRY CAPABLE
• OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR

• LIMITATIONS
• FIRE SUPPORT
• TACTICAL MOBILITY
• LIMITED ANTI-ARMOR

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AIR ASSAULT DIVISION

• 15,739 SOLDIERS
• 3,350 VEHICLES
• 180 TOW
• 162 JAVELIN
• 54 105mm HOWITZER (T)
• 72 AH64 32 AH58D---PLUS 229 OTHER HELOs

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AIR ASSAULT DIVISION

• CAPABILITIES
• HIGH TEMPO OPERATIONS
• NOT LIMITED BY TERRAIN
• RAPID MASSING OF FORCES
• SIGNIFICANT ANTI-ARMOR CAPABILITY

• LIMITATIONS
• WEATHER/ENEMY AIR DEFENSE
• LOGISTICS
• GROUND MOBILITY

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AIR ASSAULT - LIFT
CH-47 CHINOOK
UH-60 BLACKHAWK
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AH-64 APACHE
CAPABILITIES ARMAMENT 16 x HELLFIRE
76 x 2.75 ROCKETS 30mm CHAIN
GUN PERFORMANCE DATA CRUISE SPEED 145
kts ENDURANCE 1 hr 45 min MAX RANGE
270 mi PAYLOAD 6,200 lbs LIFT C-5

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ARMORED DIVISION

• 17,538 SOLDIERS
• 5,908 VEHICLES
• 317 TANKS
• 282 BRADLEYS
• 72 155mm SP HOWITZERS
• 9 MLRS
• 48 AH-64 16 AH-58D- - PLUS 63 OTHER HELOS

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MECHANIZED INFANTRYDIVISION

• 17,776 SOLDIERS
• 5,335 VEHICLES
• 259 TANKS
• 331 BRADLEYS
• 72 155 SP HOWITZERS---9 MLRS
• 48 AH64/16 AH58D--PLUS 63 OTHER HELOs

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MECH ARMOREDDIVISIONS

• CAPABILITIES
• HIGHLY MOBILE
• ARMOR-PROTECTED FIREPOWER
• SURVIVABLE
• DECISIVE COUNTERATTACK

• LIMITATIONS
• STRATEGIC MOBILITY
• MOBILITY IN CLOSE TERRAIN
• LOG REQUIREMENTS

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M1A2 ABRAMSMAIN BATTLE TANK
CAPABILITIES ARM/RANGE 120mm Main
Gun / 3.5km SPEED/RANGE 40mph/460km LIFT
C-5, C17, Sealift

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M2 BRADLEYFIGHTING VEHICLE
CAPABILITIES ARM/RANGE TOW (4km), 25mm
Cannon 7.62 MG SPEED/RANGE 30 - 41mph/
480km CREW/PAX 3 / 7 (10 Total) LIFT C-5,
Sealift

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Light Infantry
Heavy
Tailorable Capabilities
Airborne
Air Assault
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ARMY DIVISION STRATEGIC LIFT REQUIREMENTS
ALL STRATEGIC AIRLIFT
82d AIRBORNE DIVISION 1,010 C141
Sorties 47 C5
Sorties 22
CRAF/747 Sorties 101st AIR ASSAULT DIVISION
1,363 C141 Sorties 117
C5 Sorties 25 CRAF/747
Sorties BRIGADE TF/82d ABN DIV 93 C17
Sorties (Close on SWA in 54 hours)
158 C141 2 C5 Sorties
(Close in 82 hours)
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ARMY DIVISION DEPLOYMENTSTRATEGIC LIFT
REQUIREMENTS
COMBINATION AIRLIFT/SEALIFT
1st ARMORED DIVISION 8 Fast Sealift
Ship (FSS) 2 Roll On -
Roll Off, Medium 54
CRAF/747 Sorties 24th MECHANIZED DIVISION
10 RO-RO 1 FSS
55 CRAF/747 Sorties
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ARMYS PERFORMANCE
OPERATION JUST CAUSE

• DEPLOYED 2,500 MILES
• ATTACKED 17 DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
• LIBERATED A NATION IN 24 HOURS

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The Battle of 73 Easting
I started the war with 39 tanks (T72s). After
38 days of aerial bombardment, I had a total
of 32. But, after 20 minutes against the M1A1s
of the 2ACR, I had zero. Tank
Battalion Commander, Iraqi Republican Guards
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THE ARMYS FUTURE
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Conclusion
Questions