orientations

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orientations
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• ????,?????????
• Respectfulness and yielding mark the intercourse
  of superior men with one another.
• Book of Rites Liji ?? ??

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Research reported in the Boston Globe Cultural
insights Brain scans support surprising
differences in perception between Westerners and
Asians
http//www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2008/0
3/03/cultural_insights/
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Primary social groups

• Family
• Filial piety xiao ? From ?(? lao) 'elder' and ?
  (zi) 'child'.
• Extended families
• Sense of kinship (grandparents/great
  grandparents, notion of guxiang??, sense of
  place)
•  
• School
• Peers, class cohesiveness, class collective
  similar to a fraternity or a sorority, as a kind
  of mutual help society students who remain apart
  from the collective are looked on as asocial and
  strange
• Work unit danwei
• takes care of wages, etc but also administers
  regulations, makes sure family is taken care of,
  housed, etc. (used to be the case that danwei
  owned etc apt) something similar would be
  company towns in the US
• Local community, neighborhood
• overlaps before with work units since many
  would live together in danwei housing. Neighbors
  would know everyones business which we would
  find heavily invasive.

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Three fundamental values structuring interaction
within and among these groups

• Collectivism
• Large power difference
• Personal Interaction

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Collectivism
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Large power difference

• Sense of how power in institutions and
  organizations is distributed among individuals
• Large power difference means it is accepted as
  very unequal
• Age? lao ? is for ? huà 'change'. ? máo means
  'hair'. ?(S?) jiù old (not new) (cf ? old,
  not young ? new)
• Seniority ? From ? fei phonetic over ?(? che)
  'car'. "Row of carriages row, group, class,
  rank, sort generation"
• Rank
• Maleness ? From ? (tián) 'field' and ? (lì)
  'strength'. Vs female
• Family background
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• E.g., siblings
• No word for brother and sister instead older
  brother younger brother, etc
• Do not call older brother or younger sister by
  their names but by their titles.
• Use of given names is limited what does this
  mean??

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Personal Interaction

• Intragroup harmony and overt conflict in
  interpersonal relations this is a dominant
  theme in Chinese culture and relations
• ?
• ?

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Personal Interaction

• Names and Titles
• Best to call someone by their title obvious
  example is laoshi
• Laoshi conveys more respect that jiaoshou
  professor
• Other titles often based around age lao xiao,
  xiong
• Younger person calls older person lao so and so
  vice versa
•  
• Kinship terms used in conversation
• grandpa (laoye) grandma (laolao) how do I get
  to the train station?
• Wang Xiaodun xiong professor use among two
  professors talking
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• Informality and warmth are not synonymous, i.e.,
  in China formality of address does not imply
  interpersonal coolness.

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Face

• ??
• Bi ? nose ? self face
•