USING THE EARTHS RESOURCES

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USING THE EARTHS RESOURCES

• AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office
July, 2002
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OBJECTIVES

• DEFINE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
• EXPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS
• EXPLAIN AND GIVE EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE NATURAL
  RESOURCES
• EXPLAIN AND GIVE EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE
  NATURAL RESOURCES

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OBJECTIVES CONT.

• EXPLAIN POLLUTION AND IDENTIFY SOURCES OF
  POLLUTION.
• DEFINE RECYCLING AND LIST EXAMPLES.
• IDENTIFY SOURCES OF POLLUTION IN AGRICULTURE AND
  NAME RULES TO FOLLOW IN PREVENTING AGRICULTURE
  POLLUTION.

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FACTS TO THINK ABOUT

• ONE IN THREE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD DONT HAVE
  ENOUGH FOOD TO EAT.
• 12 MILLION PEOPLE DIE OF STARVATION EACH YEAR.
• BY THE YEAR 2030 THE WORLDS POPULATION WILL
  DOUBLE AT 10 BILLION PEOPLE.

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DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT

• ENVIRONMENT IS ALL OF THE FACTORS THAT EFFECT THE
  LIFE OF A LIVING THING
• IT IS EVERYTHING EXTERNAL TO A PLANT OR ANIMAL.

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NATURAL RESOURCES

• NATURAL RESOURCES ARE THE NATURALLY OCCURING
  THINGS THAT SUPPORT LIFE, PROVIDE FUEL OR ARE
  USED IN OTHER WAYS BY HUMANS.
• SOIL, WATER, AIR, MINERALS, PLANTS, AND ANIMALS
  ARE EXAMPLES.

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BIOSPHERE

• BIOSPHERE IS THE AREA OF THE EARTH THAT SUPPORTS
  LIFE
• EXTENDS ONLY A FEW FEET ABOVE THE EARTH AND INTO
  THE OCEANS, DEPENDING ON THE KIND OF LIFE.

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HABITAT

• HABITAT IS A PLACE A PLANT OR ANIMAL LIVES UNDER
  NATURAL CONDITIONS.
• EXAMPLE ZOOS MAY HAVE TO CREATE A HABITAT FOR
  A SPECIFIC ANIMAL.

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ECOSYSTEM

• ECOSYSTEM IS ALL OF THE PARTS OF A PARTICULAR
  ENVIRONMENT
• SOME PARTS ARE LIVING (BIOTIC FACTORS)
• SOME PARTS ARE NONLIVING (ABIOTIC FACTORS)

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EXAMPLES OF BIOTIC FACTORS

• PLANTS
• ANIMALS
• OTHER LIVING THINGS
• SOME HAVE A SYMBIOSIS RELATIONSHIP WITH EACH
  OTHER
• SOME DO NOT RELATE WELL WITH EACH OTHER ( WOLVES
  AND SHEEP)

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EXAMPLES OF ABIOTIC FACTORS

• WATER
• TEMPERATURE
• SUNLIGHT
• SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
• LAY OF THE LAND
• THEY DETERMINE WHICH PLANTS AND ANIMALS CAN LIVE
  IN AN ECOSYSTEM

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IDEAL ECOSYSTEM WITHIN A STREAM PASSING THROUGH A
MEADOW

• WATER FREE OF POLLUTION
• FISH AND OTHER LIFE IN THE WATER
• FERTILE SOIL SURROUNDING THE STREAM
• PLANTS GROWING ON THE SURROUNDING LAND
• INSECTS IN THE PLANTS
• BIRDS IN THE AIR ABOVE

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EXAMPLE OF A NICHE

• NICHE IS A WAY A PLANT AND ANIMAL HAS ITS OWN
  SPECIAL WAY OF LIVING
• A BEAVER IS AN EXAMPLE
• A VENUS FLY TRAP IS A PLANT EXAMPLE

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FOOD CHAIN

• FOOD CHAIN IS THE SEQUENCE IN WHICH ALL LIVING
  THINGS IN AN ECOSYSTEM GET THEIR FOOD
• ALSO MAY BE REFERRED TO AS THE CYCLE OF NATURE

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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

• IS USED TO DESCRIBE ALL OF THE THINGS DONE IN
  AGRISCIENCE TO MAINTAIN THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE
  FOOD, FIBER AND SHELTER

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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE INVOLVES

• PROTECTING THE SOIL, AIR, AND WATER
• MAINTAINING WILDLIFE HABITAT
• USING PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS WISELY
• DISPOSING OF WASTES PROPERLY

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NATURAL RESOURCES

• RENEWABLE
• SOIL
• WATER
• WILDLIFE/ FISH
• FOREST
• AIR

• NON-RENEWABLE
• COAL
• PETROLEUM
• NATURAL GAS
• MINERALS

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WAYS TO RENEW SOIL

• USE SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES TO KEEP THE SOIL
  IN PLACE
• SOIL TEST AND MAINTAIN SOIL FERTILITY

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WAYS TO RENEW/CONSERVE WATER

• DONT WASTE WATER
• FARM PONDS
• TERRACES
• CROP RESIDUE
• TREAT WASTE WATER AND RE-USE

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WAYS OF RENEWING WILDLIFE/FISH

• RESTOCKING OF FISH
• EXTEND OR LIMIT TIME OF HUNTING SEASON
• RELOCATION OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF ANIMALS

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WAYS TO RENEW FOREST

• REPLACE TREES BY PLANTING CLEARCUT AREA
• HARVEST TREES BY A DIAMETER LIMIT (18 DBH)
• COMMERCIAL FOREST OWNED BY GEORGIA-PACIFIC AND
  WEYERHAUSER MANAGE LARGE TRACTS OF LAND FOR
  TIMBER.

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INCREASING AIR QUALITY

• REDUCE EMISSIONS (WASTES INTO THE AIR) COMING
  FROM FACTORIES AND CARS, AND EQUIPMENT
• DO NOT TRY TO BURN BATTERIES (CAINTAINS
  CADMIUM-HEAVY METAL)
• CONTROLLING SMOKE

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

• ALL THE WAYS THAT PEOPLE CONTAMINATE THEIR
  ENVIRONMENT
• HUMANS CAUSE MOST POLLUTION
• SOURCES INCLUDE TOXIC PRODUCTS, SOIL LOSS, WASTE
  PRODUCTS, DISCHARGED WATER, JUNK AND LITTER

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TOXICOLOGY

• STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF POISONS ON LIVING THINGS
• EFFECTS OF TOXINS ARE ACUTE (SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE)
  AND CHRONIC (LONG-TERM EXPOSURE)

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MAJOR SOURCES OF TOXINS

• EXHAUST FROM ENGINES
• BURNING MATERIALS
• AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

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SOIL LOSS

• WIND EROSION
• WATER EROSION
• SOIL PARTICLES GET INTO THE AIR, STREAMS, LAKES
  AND CAUSE POLLUTION

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WASTES PRODUCTS

• GARBAGE FROM HOMES/RESTAURANTS
• LEFT-OVER MATERIALS AT FACTORIES
• CROP REMAINS AND LIVESTOCK WASTES ON FARMS
• 1300 LBS. OF WASTE/PERSON/YEAR

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DISCHARGED WATER

• EFFLUENTS - DISCHARGED WATER AFTER IT HAS BEEN
  USED IN A FACTORY OR PROCESS OF SOME TYPE.
• SUBSTANCES- WASTE BLOOD FROM MEAT PROCESSING
  PLANT
• TEMPERATURE- POWER PLANT RELEASING WATER INTO
  STREAMS

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EFFLUENTS CAUSING POLLUTION

• AMOUNT - RELEASING TOO MUCH WATER INTO STREAMS
  OTHER METHODS OF DISPOSAL MAY BE NEEDED
• HUMAN WASTES - SOME SMALL TOWNS OR OLDER
  RESIDENTS MAY NOT HAVE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS OR
  SEPTIC SYSTEMS

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METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL

• LANDFILLS 80 OF THE WASTE IN US IS DISPOSED
  IN LANDFILLS
• INCINERATION 9 OF THE WASTE ARE INCINERATED
• RECYCYLING COMMON ITEMS INCLUDE PAPER,
  ALUMINUM,TIN CANS AND GLASS.

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SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION

• INTRODUCING PESTS BROUGHT INTO U.S. ON SEED,
  PLANTS, FRUIT OR OTHER PRODUCTS
• EXOTIC PLANTS OR ANIMALS RELEASE OF PLANTS OR
  ANIMALS MAY DAMAGE EXISTING PLANTS/ANIMALS
• CHEMICALS IMPROPER USE OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS

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SOURCES OF AG POLLUTION

• WASTE WATER EXCESS WATER FROM IRRIGATION, FISH
  PONDS, FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS.
• PROCESSING WASTES CHICKEN FEATHERS, INTERNAL
  PARTS OF ANIMALS, VEGETABLES, SAWDUST, AND TREE
  BARK.
• NEW LIFE FORMS NON-NATURAL FORMS OF
  PLANTS/ANIMALS

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STEPS TO PREVENT POLLUTION

• KNOW REGULATIONS
• FOLLOW RULES
• USE PROPER STORAGE
• WASTE CONTROL
• USE CHEMICALS PROPERLY
• DISPOSE OF CONTAINERS PROPERLY
• USE SAFETY