Education and Values for Development:

1
Education and Values for Development

• The System of Tutorial Learning (SAT) in Colombia
  and Honduras

2
Importance of values in education

• UN statements on values in development
• WSSD call to identify constraints to Agenda 21
  implementation
  
• How to change values? Education
• Importance of values in education UNESCO,
  Poverty Reduction Strategies

3
World Declaration on Higher Education for 21st
Century, 2000

• Calls for radical reform of higher education so
  that our society, which is currently undergoing a
  profound crisis of values, can transcend more
  economic considerations, and incorporate deeper
  dimensions of morality and spirituality.

4
What is SAT?

• System of non-formal secondary education for
  rural life and sustainable development
  
• Aim to develop attitudes, knowledge and skills
  for more self-reliant development
  
• Origins in Colombia FUNDAEC
• More recent replication/adaptation in Honduras
  other Latin American countries

5
Origins of SAT in Colombia

• Early 1970s group of university professors
  formed FUNDAEC - Cauca Valley
  
• Diagnosis failure of development projects,
  caused dependency and inequity negative social
  attitudes of teachers students contributed to
  social/moral disintegration in rural areas weak
  participation
• Knowledge and organisation as 2 main elements -
  failure of learning process and institutions

6
Concept of participation in SAT

• it could be claimed that people were in
  charge of their own development only if they were
  learning systematically about the changes that
  occurred in their society, and were consciously
  incorporating in their continuous learning
  process appropriate elements from the universe of
  knowledge (Arbab, 1984)

7
Learning process

• Formal education system urban bias, migration,
  rote learning, drop out problem
  
• Fragmentation of knowledge
• Difficulties of linking theory and practice
• Local populations must take central role in
  knowledge generation, verification, diffusion
  
• Need to integrate knowledge understanding
• Link to community development processes
• Omission of values and moral development

8
(No Transcript)
9
Appropriate structures

• Appropriate institutions vital for participation
  in knowledge generation and learning process
  (a) universe of knowledge
  (b) regional learning process
  
• Role of universities?
• Rural university purpose to set in motion
  learning processes and develop human resources
  
• SAT groups village level learning institution
• Solidarity credit groups

10
Characteristics of SAT

• Non-formal evenings/weekends
• 3 main levels - 6-7 years of study
• Tutors from communities continuous training
• Practical, process and development-oriented
  focus on community development processes
  
• Action or research - reflection - learning
• Conceptual development, problem solving (contrast
  to rote learning, fact memorisation)

11
SAT curriculum

• Based on capabilities not disciplines
• Capability a developed capacity to think and act
  in well-defined sphere of activity and purpose
  
• 5 main areas of capabilities
• Example language capabilities
• Individual and social capabilities
• Integration of disciplines examples
• Agricultural technology
• Credit and micro-enterprise development

12
Progress of SAT in Colombia

• 45-50,000 students (65 female), 50 institutions
  (35 NGOs), 2,300 villages, 500 municipalities in
  19 Departments
  
• Works mainly through civil society but Ministry
  of Education programme/costs
  
• Rural University 5 year degree, MSc level
• European EXPO 2000 Jury verdict
• Club of Budapest 2002 Terra Award

13
SAT in Honduras

• Bayan Association for Indigenous SED
• 1996 Mosquitia - indigenous groups, 80 girls or
  women, remote difficult area
  
• 1997-2002 grant from DFID also supported by
  CIDA, BWC, Kellogg Foundation
  
• Hurricane Mitch 1998 desertion/problems
• New Director appointed 1999

14
(No Transcript)
15
Increasing government interest

• Constant communication with central,
  Departmental, District education authorities
  
• Regional demand led to Agreements with 3
  Departments in 2000 950 students, 48 groups
  
• Salaries paid by Departments
• Ministry evaluations showed quality of SAT
• Full recognition in March 2002
• National expansion plan requested by Ministry

16
The moral or spiritual element
Michael Richards Morality if addressed at all as
discreet subject matter
Michael Richards

• Consequences of formal education , apathy,
  negative social attitudes, etc.
  
• Role of education to reveal and develop human
  potential and qualities for service to humanity
  
• Moral development integrated into all materials
  
  
• Service to the community health, literacy,
  community organisation, education (e.g., helping
  primary school children), environmental projects

17
Purpose of education and development

• Human being is a mine rich in gems of
  inestimable value. Education can, alone, cause it
  to reveal its treasures. Baháulláh
  
• Education should be recognised as a process by
  which human beings and societies can reach their
  fullest potential. Agenda 21 Chapter 36.3
  
• the real purpose of development is the
  cultivation of the limitless potentialities
  latent in human consciousness. BIC, 1998

18
Role of values (cont.)

• Two levels of human development
  (a) individual moral/spiritual development
  (b) contribute to societal
  welfare/transformation
• Belief that service releases creative powers
  latent in human nature - key to motivation
  
• Need to combine with intellectual development
• Reinforcing community values and identity
• Role of consultation
• Wider context of SAT

19
Conclusion importance of SAT for ESD

• Importance of participatory learning process and
  supporting institutions
  
• Education must focus on developing full potential
  of human beings
  
• Service to the community motivation
• Moral education needs to be integrated into
  curriculum, and result in practical actions
  
• Development solutions ignoring moral or spiritual
  values likely to fail

20
(No Transcript)