By Seth Mruz

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Ancient Civilizations

• By Seth Mruz

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Mesopotamia and Egyptian Civilization
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Mesopotamia

• Greek for land between the rivers
• Located in modern-day Iraq
• Established in 3,000 BCE
• Contained 12 independent city-states
• Map of Mesopotamia

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Food and Agriculture

• Grew wheat, barley, lentils, onions, and leeks
• Raised goats and cows as livestock
• Were the first people to domesticate plants and
  animals.

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Religion

• It was the center of life.
• All activities had religious purpose
• Believed a divine craftsmen shaped them from clay
• Lived everyday life to appease the gods.
• Gods controlled the universe and everything in it.

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Religion

• Priests controlled the citys economics
• Temple Scribes kept records and receipts
• Most citizens worked for the priests as farmers
  and servants

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Government Law

• Kingship was given by the gods
• Kings were representatives for the gods
• Government decisions came from the gods but
  carried out by Kings

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Government Law

• Set of laws were called the Code of Hammurabi
• Discovered in 1901-1902
• Revealed social status
• Harsher punishments for harming nobles than
  harming commoners
• Women were subservient to men but still protected
  by laws

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Math Science

• Created multiplication and division tables
• Divided a circle into 360 degrees
• Developed a calendar based on the cycles of the
  moon
• Believed gods caused and cured diseases.
• Developed writing form called Cuneiform

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Egypt

• Located in the Nile River Valley
• Established about 2,900 BCE
• There was an Upper and Lower Egypt
• United in 2,686 BCE
• Map of Ancient Egypt

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Food and Agriculture

• Egyptians grew wheat, barley, and onions
• Made bread and beer
• People raised livestock but was expensive
• Also ate dried fish, chickens, and pork

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Religion

• Religious beliefs were the basis of everyday life
• Polytheistic
• Afterlife was the main focus
• Showed this through funerary art, mummification,
  and pyramid-tombs

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Government Law

• There was a divine king called a Pharaoh
• Pharaoh was the only acceptable leader
• Pharaohs ruled by the Maat which is justice,
  law, right, and truth

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Math Science

• Had tremendous engineering skills
• Built large pyramids
• Use of geometry was skilled and helped in the
  creation of the pyramids
• Used a Solar calendar which was more efficient
  than a lunar calendar

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Math Science

• Egyptians identified illnesses
• They washed so bacteria would not infect wounds
  and spread disease
• Performed operations such as Circumcision and
  draining abscessed teeth
• They believed disease was caused by spiritual
  forces

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Mesopotamia vs. Egypt
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Ancient Civilized Jeopardy
NEXT SLIDE
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Answer

• These two common crops in Mesopotamia and Egypt
  are also main ingredients in beer.

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Answer

• Egyptians invented this type of calendar which
  was more accurate than the Mesopotamian lunar
  calendar.

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What is Wheat and Barley?
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What is the Solar Calendar?
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Works Cited

• The information in this project has been provided
  to you from Chapter 1 of your text book-
• Western Civilization A Brief History
• Written by Marvin Perry