presentation 1b

1
presentation 1b
2
Grice Maxims

• Communication should be timely and purposeful
• Quality. What you say should be accurate and
  verifiable.
• Quantity. What you say should be as informative
  as necessarynot too much information or too
  little information.
• Relevance. What you say should be relevant.
• Manner. What you say should be perspicuous
  thus, you need to avoid obscurity and ambiguity
  and also be brief and well organized.

3

• But how do you assure that communication is
  timely and purposeful?
• How do you determine if documents, presentations,
  and visuals are successful?

4
What matters in assessment?

• Accessibility
• How easily can the audience see, hear, and/or
  touch the information?

• Comprehensibility
• How easily can the audience understand the
  information?

• Usability
• How easily can the audience use the information?

5
Assessment/Evaluation Criteria
What assessment questions can be answered in
each cell of this matrix? For example, What
physical factors of the audience affect Their
ability to access information? Develop one or
more questions for each cell.
Audience
Purpose
Text
Visuals
Oral
6
Assessment/Evaluation Criteria
What physical factors of the audience affect
their ability to access informa-tion?
What social and cultural factors affect the
audiences understanding of information?
What pragmatic factors affect the audiences use
of the information?
Audience
What situational factors affect the audiences
understanding of information?
What situational factors affect the audiences
use of the information?
What physical factors in the environment affect
the audiences ability to access information?
Purpose
What physical character-istics of text affect the
accessibility of information?
How does the text affect the audiences
under-standing of information?
How does the text affect the audiences use of
the information?
Text
What physical character-istics of visuals affect
the accessibility of information?
How do the visuals affect the audiences
under-standing of information?
How do the visuals affect the audiences use of
the information?
Visuals
What physical character-istics of an oral
presenta-tion affect the accessibility of
information?
How does delivery of an oral presentation affect
the audiences understanding of information?
How does the delivery of the oral presentation
affect the usability of the information?
Oral
7
Access the Matrix in Two Ways. . .

• Accessibility
• Comprehensibility
• Usability

. . . related to audience, context, texts,
presentations, and visuals
--or--

• Audience
• Context
• Texts
• Presentations
• Visuals

. . . related to accessibility,
comprehensibility, and usability
8
Assess the Accessibility

• Characteristics of Anthrax
• Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the
  spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. B.
  anthracis spores remain viable in the environment
  for years, representing a potential source of
  infection. Anthrax occurs in humans in three
  clinical forms inhalational, gastrointestinal,
  and cutaneous.

• Inhalational anthrax results from aerosolization
  of B. anthracis spores through industrial
  processing or intentional release.
• Gastrointestinal or oropharyngeal anthrax results
  from ingestion of infected undercooked or raw
  meat.
• Cutaneous anthrax is the most common type of
  naturally acquired anthrax infection and usually
  occurs after skin contact with contaminated
  products from infected animals.

Historically, the case-fatality rate for
cutaneous anthrax has been lt1 with antibiotic
treatment and 20 without antibiotic treatment
(2--4). Case-fatality rates for gastro-intestinal
anthrax are unconfirmed but are believed to range
between 25 and 60. Case-fatality rates for
inhalational anthrax are high, even with
appropriate antibiotics and supportive care (5).
Among the 18 cases of inhalational anthrax
identified in the United States during the 20th
century, the overall case-fatality rate was gt75.
After the biologic terrorism attack in fall 2001
in which B. anthracis spores were released
through the mail, the case-fatality rate for
patients with inhalational anthrax was 45 (5 of
11 cases) (5,6).
Is the font large enough to read?
Will any activities in the environment distract
theaudience?
Can your audience see well enough to read the
document?
The incubation period for anthrax is usually lt2
weeks however, because of spore dormancy and
slow clearance from the lungs, the incubation
period for inhalational anthrax can be prolonged
for months. This phenomenon of delayed onset has
not been recognized for cutaneous or
gastrointestinal exposures. Discharges from
cutaneous lesions are potentially infectious, but
person-to-person transmission has been reported
rarely. Person-to-person transmission of
inhalational anthrax has not been documented.
SOURCERetrieved May 15, 2004 from
http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr53e430-
2a1.htm and http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/disease
info/anthrax_t.htm
9
Assess the Comprehensibility

• Characteristics of Anthrax
• Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the
  spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. B.
  anthracis spores remain viable in the environment
  for years, representing a potential source of
  infection. Anthrax occurs in humans in three
  clinical forms inhalational, gastrointestinal,
  and cutaneous.

• Inhalational anthrax results from aerosolization
  of B. anthracis spores through industrial
  processing or intentional release.
• Gastrointestinal or oropharyngeal anthrax results
  from ingestion of infected undercooked or raw
  meat.
• Cutaneous anthrax is the most common type of
  naturally acquired anthrax infection and usually
  occurs after skin contact with contaminated
  products from infected animals.

Historically, the case-fatality rate for
cutaneous anthrax has been lt1 with antibiotic
treatment and 20 without antibiotic treatment
(2--4). Case-fatality rates for gastro-intestinal
anthrax are unconfirmed but are believed to range
between 25 and 60. Case-fatality rates for
inhalational anthrax are high, even with
appropriate antibiotics and supportive care (5).
Among the 18 cases of inhalational anthrax
identified in the United States during the 20th
century, the overall case-fatality rate was gt75.
After the biologic terrorism attack in fall 2001
in which B. anthracis spores were released
through the mail, the case-fatality rate for
patients with inhalational anthrax was 45 (5 of
11 cases) (5,6).
Does your audience have the prior knowledge to
understand the information?
Does your audience have a reason to try to
understand this information?
The incubation period for anthrax is usually lt2
weeks however, because of spore dormancy and
slow clearance from the lungs, the incubation
period for inhalational anthrax can be prolonged
for months. This phenomenon of delayed onset has
not been recognized for cutaneous or
gastrointestinal exposures. Discharges from
cutaneous lesions are potentially infectious, but
person-to-person transmission has been reported
rarely. Person-to-person transmission of
inhalational anthrax has not been documented.
SOURCERetrieved May 15, 2004 from
http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr53e430-
2a1.htm and http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/disease
info/anthrax_t.htm
10
Assess the Usability
Are the sources currentand credible?
Does your audience have the experience to
use this new information?
Have you represented the task with the goal of
using the information?

• Characteristics of Anthrax
• Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the
  spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. B.
  anthracis spores remain viable in the environment
  for years, representing a potential source of
  infection. Anthrax occurs in humans in three
  clinical forms inhalational, gastrointestinal,
  and cutaneous.

• Inhalational anthrax results from aerosolization
  of B. anthracis spores through industrial
  processing or intentional release.
• Gastrointestinal or oropharyngeal anthrax results
  from ingestion of infected undercooked or raw
  meat.
• Cutaneous anthrax is the most common type of
  naturally acquired anthrax infection and usually
  occurs after skin contact with contaminated
  products from infected animals.

Historically, the case-fatality rate for
cutaneous anthrax has been lt1 with antibiotic
treatment and 20 without antibiotic treatment
(2--4). Case-fatality rates for gastro-intestinal
anthrax are unconfirmed but are believed to range
between 25 and 60. Case-fatality rates for
inhalational anthrax are high, even with
appropriate antibiotics and supportive care (5).
Among the 18 cases of inhalational anthrax
identified in the United States during the 20th
century, the overall case-fatality rate was gt75.
After the biologic terrorism attack in fall 2001
in which B. anthracis spores were released
through the mail, the case-fatality rate for
patients with inhalational anthrax was 45 (5 of
11 cases) (5,6).
The incubation period for anthrax is usually lt2
weeks however, because of spore dormancy and
slow clearance from the lungs, the incubation
period for inhalational anthrax can be prolonged
for months. This phenomenon of delayed onset has
not been recognized for cutaneous or
gastrointestinal exposures. Discharges from
cutaneous lesions are potentially infectious, but
person-to-person transmission has been reported
rarely. Person-to-person transmission of
inhalational anthrax has not been documented.
SOURCERetrieved May 15, 2004 from
http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr53e430-
2a1.htm and http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/disease
info/anthrax_t.htm