B2B? ??? ERP?? ????

1
B2B? ??? ERP?? ????

• eBusiness ???????
• 2002. 10.19
• ??????? ????????
• ? ? ?
• (jklee_at_kgsm.kaist.ac.kr)

2
??

• B2B ? ??? ??
• eProcurement? ??
• CPFR? ??
• Desktop Purchasing? ??
• B2B? ERP?? ????
• ERP?? ???? ????

3
??B2C? B2B ???? ??

• Billion

2000 2001 2002 2003
B2C 50.7 78 116.5 177.7
B2B 138.8 270.9 526.4 978.4
B2C B2B 2000? 1 2.7 2003? 1
5.5
4
?? B2B ????? ?? ?? ? ??
(?? ??)
???? 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
?????? 2,700 6,500 14,000 26,800 49,500
???? 132 1,218 5,784 14,193 31,443 68,093
????????? 700 3,000
?? Data guest 2001. 2.
5
?? ?? ?? ?? ??? (2002.2)
(?? ???)
?? 2001? 2001? 2001? 2002? 2002? 2002? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???
?? 2? ??? 2? ??? 12? 1? 2? ??? 2? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???
? 237,018 100.0 383,480 434,277 438,277 100.0 201,259 84.9
1. ??? ? ???? 72,918 30.8 72,896 77,467 72,123 16.5 -795 -1.1
2. S/W(?? S/W) 6,957 2.9 5,668 7,384 5,382 1.2 -1.575 -22.6
3. ??/??/???? 51,612 21.8 67,372 78,345 78,430 17.9 26,818 52.0
4. ?? 12,549 5.3 20,802 23,258 24,188 5.5 11,639 92.7
5. ??/???/?? 5,243 2.2 6,004 6,258 5,763 1.3 520 9.9
6. ?? ? ????? 11,175 4.7 29,715 27,421 25,774 5.9 14,599 130.6
7. ??/???? 7,773 3.3 8,516 8,971 8,879 2.0 1,106 14.2
8. ??? ? ???? 3,883 1.6 10,321 13,951 17,741 4.0 13,858 356.9
9. ? 1,575 0.7 2,341 2,266 2,472 0.6 897 57.0
10. ???/???? 3,688 1.6 12,210 13,070 10,464 2.4 6,776 183.7
11. ????/????? 11,810 5.0 33,441 41,941 46,036 10.5 34,226 289.8
12. ??/?? ? ???? 7,728 3.3 29,096 31,783 36,529 8.3 28,801 372.7
13. ???/?? 4,495 1.9 11,079 16,077 15,459 3.5 10,964 243.9
14. ??/?? 2,426 1.0 3,914 4,360 4,331 1.0 1,905 78.5
15. ???? 2,052 0.9 19,164 24,133 26,028 5.9 23,976 1168.4
16. ????? 1,216 0.5 9,624 12,914 13,320 3.0 12,104 995.4
17. ?? 22,843 9.6 41,262 44,921 45,357 10.3 22,514 98.6
18. ???? ?? 7,075 3.0 56 - - - - -
(??Korean Click and RI Korea)
6
B2B by Operator

7
Volume of B2B Commerce by Operator
8
Volume of B2B Commerce by Industry
9
Progress of B2B Network Implementation Support
Project
10
20? ??? ???? (02.4? ??)
11
20? ??? ???? (02.4? ??)
12
20? ??? ???? (02.4? ??)
13
20? ??? ???? (02.4? ??)
14
20? ??? ???? (02.4? ??)
15
Problems in B2B Commerce
16
E-Commerce Utilization by SMEsSource Small
Business Corporation 2000
17
Adoption of E-Commerce, Source Small Business
Corporation 2000
18
IT Implementation Support to 30,000 SMEs
19
B2B EC ??? ????

• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) on the
  VAN(Value Added Network)
• Buyers Hub ??? ??? ?? ????
• Seller ?? (1m) ? e-Marketplace on the
  Web- based Internet
• Sellers Hub
• eCatalog, ?? ??? ??
• Third Party Public Exchange (mn) on the
  Internet
• Buyer ??? e-Marketplace
• Buyers Hub for Reverse Auction
• Private Exchange for Collaborative Commerce
• eProcurement ? ??

20
Direct vs. Indirect Purchase
Direct Purchase Indirect Purchase
?? Strategic Sourcing - Core Business Non-Strategic Sourcing - MRO (maintenance, Repair, Operations)
?? Partnership with Suppliers Spot Purchase
?? ????, ?? ??, ???? ??, Collaboration (C-Commerce) ?? ??, ??? ???? ??
?? 1. Supply Chain Management in Private Exchange 3. Desktop Purchasing 2. Online Purchasing from Public Exchanges
Issue eProcurement Outsourcing
21
Direct vs. Indirect Online Purchases

• Percentage of Direct vs. Indirect Purchase
  Experience (Source NAPM/Forrester 2001)
• Indirect Goods 70.9 (up from 61.3 in the
  previous Q)
• had purchased indirect goods online
• Direct Goods 45.7 had purchased online
• Contract Purchase
• 85 of online B2B transactions
• 95 of offline B2B transactions
• Collaborative Commerce
• CPFR and SCM (Supply Chain Management)
• Management of Private Exchange critical

22
Business Models of eProcurment

• Model 1 Reverse Auction
• in the Buyers Site
• in the Public Exchanges
• Model 2 Matching in the Public Exchanges
• Model 3 Collaborative Commerce in the Private
  Exchanges
• Model 4 Desk-top Purchasing
• with Internalized Marketplace
• with Private Exchanges
• Model 5 Outsourcing the Procurement Service

23
MRO ????

• Reverse Auction??? ???? ???? Catalog??? ???? ???
  ?? MRO ??? ??
• Reverse Auction ?? Strategic Sourcing? Event?
  ????
• e-Catalogue ?? ??? ???? MRO ??

?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???
iMarket Korea 2000.12 8,500? (2001? ??) ?? 28 ?? ??? (MRO Marketplace ??) ? ????(??????) ? ????(?? ??) ??SDI, ????, ????, ???? ?
LG MRO 2002.1 (LG Mart ?? ??) 1?1?? (2006? ??) ? ????(??????) ? ???? (?? ??) LG??, LG??, LG????, ???, ???? ?
eNtoB 2000.8 900? (2001? ??) ? ????(??????) ? ????(?? ??) ??,KT, ??,?? ?
24
From ANX to Covisint(Automotive Network Exchange)

• GM, Ford, Chrysler and 30 suppliers, Dealers,
  Experimental Extranet (1997) 300 supplier (1998)
• Eventually 30,000 participants expected
• Information to Exchanges EDI(Order, Delivery),
  E-Mail, Groupware, CAD, e-Payment, etc.
• Goal of Cost Down 1Billion/Year for Industry,
  71/car
• Standard Protocol ANX-Certificate (IPSec
  Protocol)
• Ameritech, Bell Canada, EDS, MCI
  get the certificate.
• Solution and Service Business ANX eBusiness
  anx.com

25
Automobile Industry and Covisint

• GM
• Joint Venture with CommerceOne
• Announced TradeXchange Private Exchange
  Policy.
• Goal of Cost Reduction 100/trx ? 10/trx
• Goal Purchase Cycle time 16 weeks ? few hours, 2
  days
• Ford
• Joint venture with Oracle Announced AutoXchange
• Planned Public Exchange policy
• Merger TX and AX ? Covisint
• Additional Participations
• Do they still need private exchanges?
• Reactions ENX, KNX

26
Covisint Trading Partners

• ArvinMeritor
• DaimlerChrysler
• Delphi
• Faurecia
• Ford Supplier Portal
• Freudenberg
• General Motors
• JCI
• Lear
• Nissan
• Peugeot
• Renault
• Siemens Automotive
• Tower Automotive
• Yazaki NA

27
Business Models of eProcurment

• Model 1 Reverse Auction
• in the Buyers Site
• in the Public Exchanges
• Model 2 Matching in the Public Exchanges
• Model 3 Collaborative Commerce in the Private
  Exchanges
• Model 4 Desk-top Purchasing
• with Internalized Marketplace
• with Private Exchanges
• Model 5 Outsourcing the Procurement Service

28
Collaboration Continuum
EDI
VMI/CMI
CRP
ECR
CPFR
EDI ??(POS) VMI ???? ?? CMI ???? ??? ?????
???? VMI Vendor-Managed Inventory CMI
Co-Managed Inventory
????? ?? ??? EDI ?? ?? Paperless ?? ?? ??
????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
?? ????? ?????? ????? ????(????) CPFR
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and
Replenishment
CAO(Computer-Assisted Ordering),
ABC(Activity-Based Accounting), CRP(Continuous
Replenishment Programs), CM(Category management)
?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????(Win-Win) ECR
Efficient Consumer Response
????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????
CRP Continuous Replenishment Programs
29
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and
Replenishment (CPFR)
Wal-Mart
Warner-Lambert (?? ??)
(?? ??)
Operational System
EDI
ERP
Data warehouse
Internet
Manufacturing Plan
RetailLink
Sales data about W-L Products
WWW
Review and Comments
Inventory Plan
Forecast
Planner
Planner
30
Supply Chain Performance (CIO Magazine, Feb 1,
2000)
31
Retailers Perspective Wal-Mart Case

• Wal-Mart Worlds largest discount retailer
• 2,400 stores and 450 Sams Club in the U.S.A.
• 720 units internationally.
• 10,000 suppliers
• Traditionally, retailers and suppliers forecasted
  separately
• Excessive inventory, out-of-stock, lost
  opportunity to suppliers
• RetailLink Data Warehouse
• Largest data warehouse in the world
• Stores 2 years of sales history with 101
  terabytes
• 1.25 years of sales history with 44
  terabytes
• 120,000 data mining questions per week
• Open the access to suppliers
• Retail industrys savings are projected to be
  150-250 billion per year
• UCCnet (Uniform Code Council)-certified
  interoperable software standard adopted

32
?? ???? ??

• ????
• ???? ?????
• ???? ?????, ???, ????, ????
• ??? ???? IRT, DACOM (eSCM21.net)
• ????
• ???? ? ??? ?? ??
• ??? ??? ??? ?? ????
• ? CPFR ???? ??
• ???? ??
• ???? ? ???? 40 ??
• ?????
• ?? 14.4 ?? ?? 25.3 ??
• ??? 8.5 ? 3.8(55.3 ??) ????? 75 ??
• ???
• ?? 13.5 ?? ?? 30.7 ??
• ??? 12 ? 2 (83.3 ??) ????? 89.4 ??

Source SCM ??????(2001? 12?)
33
CPFR? ????

• (1) Hub and Spoke CPFR (?, Retail Link)
• ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???(???)??? CPFR ???? ??
• ?? ???? CPFR ??? ??? ???? CPFR? ?? ? ? ??
• (2) Peer to Peer CPFR (?, Tesco? ProcterGamble)
• ????? ????? ??? (????) CPFR ??? ??
• ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??
• ?? ?? IT ??? IT??? ???
• (3) Exchange CPFR (?, Global Net Exchange-GNX)
• Exchange? CPFR ?? ??? ?? B2B ?? ???? ???
• ????? ???? ?? ???? Exchange?? ??(DW ??)
• ?? ????? ???? ??? ??
• ?? ???? ????? Exchange? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????
  ?? ???(Visibility)? ???

34
PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) - ????????

• PLM? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??
• ??? Collaboration? ??? ???, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??
• ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ??
• ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??
• CRM, SCM, ?? ? ?? ????? ??

? ????
35
Collaborative Design

• AviationX (Feb 17, 2000)
• Aftermarket for aircraft
• From ordering parts (trading hub) to
  collaborating designs
• Collaboration for inventory (40B) reduction
• For manufacturers, suppliers, and other
  participants
• Access information about parts, services,
  technical manuals and other data needed to keep
  planes in the air
• Samsung SDI Case

36
Business Models of eProcurment

• Model 1 Reverse Auction
• in the Buyers Site
• in the Public Exchanges
• Model 2 Matching in the Public Exchanges
• Model 3 Collaborative Commerce in the Private
  Exchanges
• Model 4 Desk-top Purchasing
• with Internalized Marketplace
• with Private Exchanges
• Model 5 Outsourcing the Procurement Service

37
Desktop Purchasing

• ? Desktop Purchasing? ??
• - ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
• - Self-Service Procurement
• Microsoft? MS market
• ? KoSa Desktop Purchasing
• - ?????? ???? (?? - ??? Huston)
• - ??? ??? 10,000?
• ? iMarketKorea ??????(MRO)
• ? LG MRO
• ? eNtoB

38
Microsoft MS market

• ? ???? ??? ??? Procurement System
• ? ?? ??? ???
• MS? ????? 70 ? ???? 3? ??.
• ? ????, ???, ??, catering, ????,
• 1,000?? ??, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
• ? ??
• ???? ?? 7.3M (?? ??? 3B)
• ?? ? ?? 60 ? 5
• ?? Cycle time 8? ? 3?
• ?? ?? ?? 3? ??
• 19?? ?? ?? ?? 17?? ??? ?? ??
• SAP R/3 ???? ?? ??
• ? ????
• 48?? 55 ??
• 1000 ?? ?? /?

39
Kosa Desktop Purchasing

• ? ??? Procurement
• 56,000? MRO ??? ?? Internal e-Catalog
• ??? ?? ? 6? ??? 200?? ??
• ? ??
• ??? ????
• ???? ? 450? ?10 ? ?
• 80? ??? 6?? ?? ????? ???.
• ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
• ? ?? ?? ?? ??
• 6 ?? ?? ??

40
iMarketKorea ??????

• ? Desktop Purchasing?? ??
• ? Fixed Price
• ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??
• Volume Discount
• ??? ??? ??
• ? ?? ??? ??
• ????, ??????? MRO ????? ??

41
iMarketKorea SDI ??

• SDI?? ?? MRO ?? ???? iMarketKorea? ??
• 80?? ?? ??(2001?), Lead-Time ??, ???????, ???? ??
  ?? ??

?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 01 ??? 3.5 01 ??? 5.0 ??? ?????? ??? ??? 30? ? 15? ? 17? ?? iMarketKorea UI? ?? MRO ?? iMarketKorea UI? ?? MRO ?? 9 ? ? 18 ? ? 16 ? ? 4 ? ? 10 ? ? 20 ? ? 3 ? ? 250 ? ? ?? 350 ? ? ?? ??? ?? 48 ?????? 24 6? ?? / ? ??????? ??? ??????? ???
??? ?? ? ??? 600? ? ?? 13 ?? 80 ? ?
??? Lead Time ?? - ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? 01 ??? 9.1? ? 5? 01 ??? 9.1? ? 4? 01 ??? 18.6? ? 6? 01 ??? 18.6? ? 4? ?? ????? ?? 250?/? ? 3?/? ?? ?? ? Auto-Posting ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ???/ ??? ?? ?? ?? 4.1? ?? 5.1? ?? 12.6? ?? 14.6? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? Imarketkorea ?? ?? ???/ ERP interface ???? Tool ??
42
Desktop Purchasing Cases

• Lockheed Martin
• 30-35 of purchase decisions back to end users
• Goal Make electronic catalog a standard for
  small dollar (less than 10,000) procurements
• Cisco Case
• Cisco implemented a Web buying program
• Low-end items without going through the
  traditional approval process
• Change the way of purchasing
• Other Cases in mySAP.com
• http//www.mysap.com/solutions/e-procurement/custo
  mersuccesses.htm

43
Business Models of eProcurment

• Model 1 Reverse Auction
• in the Buyers Site
• in the Public Exchanges
• Model 2 Matching in the Public Exchanges
• Model 3 Collaborative Commerce in the Private
  Exchanges
• Model 4 Desk-top Purchasing
• with Internalized Marketplace
• with Private Exchanges
• Model 5 Outsourcing the Procurement Service

44
Eliminate Procurement Department

• Avendra for Lodging Co. Case
• Hyatt Hotel and Marriott International Hotel
• eliminated purchasing department
• Joint venture with 5 lodging companies,
• combining their procurement staffs
• The joint venture, Avendra LLC, procures for
• these hotels.
• ????? ??

45
??? ??? ?? e-business platform
Supplier
SEM
CRM
e-Business collaboration, Marketplace
SCM
Partner
e-Business collaboration, Marketplace
????, ????, BSC, ????, ?????,
ABC/ABM, ????
???
Data Warehouse
Interface
Interface
ERP
???
????
????
HR
???
PLM
Enterprise Portal
Customer
??
??
??
??
??
????
????
Knowledge Management
e ???? ???
????
46
eProcurement Integration Policy

• Tight Internal Integration
• Tight integration with ERP or legacy
• Internal e-catalog
• Inter-Enterprise Integration
• Direct integration with partners ERP system
• Compliant ERP interface standard necessary
• Integration with Exchanges
• ERP-compliant eMarketplaces
• MarketSet Commerce One and SAP
• Private Exchange
• Application Server
• Communication Platform Standard XML

47
e-Procurement System in Chevron

• Two-fold Solution
• E-Procurement Software
• from Ariba
• Web-based front end and user interface for
  catalog
• search, purchase order
• and requisition
• EDI and Catalog services
• from Harbinger
• Facilitate interaction with suppliers and manage
  
• catalog content and customer/supplier
  base

• Corporate Profile
• US 3rd largest petroleum co.
• Operating in roughly 100 countries
• Annual net gain - 3.2 billion
• Purchase budget - 9.9 billion
• Two existing ERP systems
• from SAP and J.D. Edwards

48
eProcurement System Architecture for Chevron
49
What are the issues in ERP?

• Meet Corporate Requirement
• Customization and Expandability
• Return On Investment
• Reengineering and Change Management
• ASP and Privacy
• Emergence of B2B Solutions
• SCM, CRM, SRM
• Expansion of ERP Approach
• ERP II Gartner Group
• Integration of ERP with B2B Solutions
• ECM (Enterprise Commerce Management) -AMR
  Research
• Challenge of New Computing Paradigm
• Component Technology and Web Service

50
?? ERP ?? ??
?? AMR Research, July, 2001
51
?? ERP ?? ??
?? AMR Research, 2001?7?

• ? ????? ?????? ERP? ??? ASP, ????, ???,
  ???? ???? ??

52
?? ERP ?? ?? (20002004)
?? IDC, Korea ERP Software Market,
2001?10?
53
?? ERP ?? ??

• ERP? ??? ???? IT ????? ??? ??
• ????? e???? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ERP? ??
• SCM, CRM?? ??ERP? ??? ????? ERP???? ?? ??
• ERP? ??? ???? ??, ??, ??, ?????? ??
• ?? ???? CRM, SCM? ???? ERP ??? ??
• ERP??? ????? ?????? ??
• ?????? ASP ??? ERP ????? ??
• ERP? ??? ?? ??? ERP? ????? ??? ??? ??
• ?? ??? ERP? ? ??? ERP? ??? ????? ??? ??

54
Scope of Extended ERP Solutions SAP Case
55
MarketSet Component Architecture
56
?? ?? ERP ?? ??
??? SAP ( ???? ? ) Oracle ( ???? ? )
?? ??,??,??,?? (14) N/A
LG ??,???,MMA,CNS (12) ??,Philips,??,??? (8 )
SK SK,SKT (4) SKCC(2)
?? ???,???(2) HIT,?????(2)
??? N/A FnC???,?????,CI,?? (10 )
? ?? ?? ERP ( SAP, Oracle ) ?? Site
SAP Oracle
????,KT???,????,????,??CSN,??????,??????,?? ??,??????,??,????????,KT, POSCO,POSDATA,????????,????,??????,??????,????,??? ???,???,???,????,??? ??????,????,???

• SAP? 90?? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????
• ????? Oracle? LG??? ???? ??? ???.( ?? ???? ?????
  ???? ?? ??? ??)
• 2002? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ERP ??? ???? ??. (
  2002?7??, 2003?(??)10??)

57
ERP? ?? ??

• ?? ???????? ????
• ?? ?? 1040
• ?? ???? ?? 95 ??
• ?? ?? 29
• ???? ?? 510
• ?? ???? ?? 50 ??
• ??? ?? 2540
• ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ????
• Best Practise ? Customization
• ??? Upgrade? ??? ? ????
• ??? ?? ??? ??? ??

58
Customizing ? Non-Customizing ERP ?? (????
SAP ??

• Non-Customizing ERP
• ???? ????(SAP R/3 ?)
• ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??(MFG/PRO ?)
• Customizing ERP
• ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ??(BAAN IV?)
• ?????? ?? ? ????? ????.
• (Oracle Applications, AVALON ?)
• ???? ??? ??(PROTEAN, SYMIX)
• ???? ? ???? ????? ???
• (BPCS ????? ??, OneWorld ?)
• ?? Solutions??????, ?????, ???
• ???? IT? ??

59
Expansion of Solutions and Battlefields
C-One Ariba i2 Oracle SAP
Content Management B B C B C
Network platform A B C C D
Integration A B C B C
Auctioning B B
Procurement Window B A B C
Workflow C A C C
Fulfillment Expertise A C B
SCM A C C
Consulting Resources C C C A B
Scalability C B C A C
Morgan Stanley (2000)
60
ERP II vs. ECM Architecture

• ERP II Inside-Out Approach
• ERP B2B CRM
• SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft
• Single Vendor System
• Gartner s Vision
• Enterprise Commerce Management
• Integration Architecture
• Layer between ERP and B2B
• Multi-vendor System

61
Alliances
62
James and Wolf, A Second Wind for ERP, McKinsey
Quarterly,2000, No. 2, pp.100-107
63
ERP? B2B ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????

• 2002. 10.
• KAIST ???, ???,???

64
I.1. Traditional Operation
??
??
Message Transformation - Manual - Data processing
Message Transformation - Manual - Data processing
ERP
ERP
65
I.2. Web Interface
??
??/??
???
??
??(???)
Message Transformation - Manual
Web interface for collaboration
Web server
ERP
ERP
Lotte Mart
??
Lotte.com
Message Transformation - Data processing
ERP
Fashion Plus
66
I.3. Database ??
??
??
DB sharing interface
DB sharing interface
?? DB
ERP
ERP
Web interface
ERP
ERP
?? DB
eSCM 21(CPFR)
67
I.4. EAI
??
??
Excel
Message Transformation - Manual - Automatic - EAI
EAI (XML/EDI)
ERP
ERP
Lotte Mart (Biztalk)
????(Manual)
EAI
EAI
ERP
SCM
ERP
EAI
EAI
SCM
EAI
ERP II
EAI
ERP II
68
I.5. Supply Chain Collaboration
??
??
ERP
EAI
ERP
EAI
SCM
SCM
Web, ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??, ??
????
??
? ?? i2 - ?? ??(WebMethods i2 SCC) ? Sony
(i2 SCC WebMethods)
69
I.6. Via E-Marketplaces
??
??
ERP
E-Marketplace
ERP
?? ??, ??
?? ??, ??
70

1.7. ASP ??? ????
??
??
ASP
Collaboration Module
ERP
ERP
??
??
ASP
ERP II
ERP II
ERP
ERP
IBCenter (www.ibcenter.co.kr) - ???, ?????,
??????
71
???

• B2B? ?? Public Exchange? Private Exchanged? ???
  ????.
• eProcurement ??
• ?? ??? ?? MRO Spot ?? Public Exchange?? ??
• ?? ??? ?? Collaborative Commerce
• Private
  Exchange ?? ??
• ?? ?? ?? ?? Desktop Purchasing ?? ??
• eProcurement? ?? ??? ??
• ?? ??? ??? ????.
• B2B? E-Transformation? ?? ????
• ERP?? ??? ??? ??
• ERP II ? ECM ??? ??
• Single Vendor ERP ? Open Component ERP? ??