Location%20of%20Indonesia

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Introducting ..
a unitary state consisting of numerous distinct
ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups spread
across..
a nation of 18,110 islands .
Spanning across area of 1.919.440 km² .
the world's largest archipelagic state
Indonesia
a population of over 200 million, it is the
world's fourth most populous country ..
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Etymology

• The name Indonesia was derived the from Greek
  indus, meaning India, and nesos, meaning islands.
  Dating back to the eighteenth century, the name
  far predates the formation of the Indonesian
  nation. In 1849, an English etymology expert,
  George Samuel Windsor Earl, writing in an annual
  science journal, suggested that the Hindia or
  Malaya archipelago choose a distinct name,
  suggesting either Indunesia or Melayunesia,
  although he favoured the latter. In a concurrent
  article in the same publication, another
  etymologist, James Richardson Logan, proposed
  using Indunesia over Melayunesia. He also changed
  the letter "u" to "o" to improve the
  pronunciation. The first Indonesian to use the
  name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar
  Dewantara), when he established a press bureau
  with the name Indonesisch Pers-bureau in the
  Netherlands.

The critically endangered Sumatran Orangutan, a
great ape endemic to Indonesia
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Location of Indonesia
.

• Indonesia's 18,108 islands, about 6,000 of which
  are inhabited,are scattered around the equator,
  giving the country a tropical climate. The five
  main islands are Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (the
  Indonesian part of Borneo), New Guinea (shared
  with Papua New Guinea) and Sulawesi.

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Indonesia borders Malaysia on the island of
Borneo (Indonesian, Papua New Guinea on the
island of New Guinea and East Timor on the island
of Timor. The capital Jakarta is the nation's
largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung,
Medan, and Semarang.

• At 1,919,440 km² (741,050 mi²), Indonesia is the
  world's 16th-largest country in terms of land
  area, after Saudi Arabia. Its population density
  is 134.39 people per square kilometer, 79th in
  the world

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• Its location on the edges of three tectonic
  plates, specifically the Pacific, Eurasian, and
  Australian plates, makes Indonesia a site of
  frequent earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis.
  Indonesia has at least 66 volcanoes,including
  Krakatoa, located between Sumatra and Java, and
  famous for its massive 1883 eruption.

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History of IndonesiaAncient

• Fossil evidence suggests the Indonesian
  archipelago was inhabited by Homo erectus,
  popularly termed the Java Man. Estimates of its
  existence range from 500,000 to 2 million years
  ago. The modern peoples of Malay people origin
  are descendants of immigrants from mainland South
  East Asia beginning around 6,000 years ago. Ideal
  agricultural conditions, and in particular the
  mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early
  as the seventh century BC, allowed villages,
  towns and eventually small kingdoms to flourish
  by the first century AD. Around the same time,
  trade was established between both India and
  China, fostered by Indonesias strategic sea lane
  position which would continue to be one of the
  most important influences on the countrys
  history.

Dried berries of Cubeb or Java Pepper
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Arab traders first brought Islam to Indonesia in
the late 12th century, establishing settlements
in the Aceh region. It spread across the
Indonesian archipelago, following trade routes.
Rather than a violent conquest, it was, for the
most part, peacefully laid over and mixed with
existing cultural (and even religious) influences
to form what is still the predominant form of
Islam in Indonesia today, particularly in Java.
European traders first arrived in the early
sixteenth century seeking to monopolize the
sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in
The Moluccas. In 1506 the Portuguese, led by
Ferdinand Magellan, were the first Europeans to
arrive in Indonesia the Dutch and British
followed. The Dutch became the dominant traders
in Indonesia, establishing the Dutch East India
Company (VOC) in 1602. The VOC, however, was
dissolved in 1798 and the government of the
Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as
a fully-fledged colony.
The logo of the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC.
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• It was upon this trade, and the Hinduism and
  Buddhism that was brought with it, that the
  Sriwijaya kingdom flourished from the 7th century
  AD. It became a powerful naval state, which grew
  wealthy on the international trade it controlled
  through the region until its decline in the 12th
  century. During the 8th and 10th centuries AD,
  the agriculturally-based Buddhist Sailendra and
  Hindu Mataram dynasties thrived and declined in
  inland Java with great monuments built, including
  Borobudur and Prambanan respectively. The Hindu
  Majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern Java in
  1294, and under its military commander Gajah Mada
  stretched over much of modern day Indonesia. This
  period is referred to as a Golden Age in the
  countrys history.

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History of IndonesiaModern

• The Dutch colonial presence in Indonesia existed
  in various forms for over 300 years until the
  Japanese occupation in the second World
  War.During the war, Sukarno, a popular leader of
  the Indonesian Nationalist Party, cooperated with
  the occupying Japanese with the intention of
  strengthening the independence movement.On August
  17, 1945, Sukarno, with the Japanese organized
  National Committee of Independence (BPUPKI)
  unilaterally declared Indonesian independence.
  Sukarno then became the first president, while
  Muhammad Hatta became the vice-president. Over
  the next four years, the Netherlands mounted
  military campaigns to reoccupy Indonesia, but in
  the face of international pressure acknowledged
  Indonesian independence in 1949.

Sukarno, Indonesia's founding president
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• From 1997 to 1998, however, Indonesia became the
  country hardest hit by the East Asian Financial
  Crisis, aggravating popular discontent with
  Suharto, who already faced accusations of
  corruption, and further inflaming popular
  protests in early 1998. On 21 May 1998, President
  Suharto announced his resignation, ushering in
  the Reformasi era in Indonesia. A wide range of
  reforms have been introduced since then,
  including Indonesia's first direct presidential
  election in 2004, but progress has been slowed by
  political and economic instability, social
  unrest, terrorism and recent natural disasters.
  Although relations between different religious
  and ethnic groups are largely harmonious, acute
  sectarian discontent, even violence, remains a
  problem in some areas. Political settlements
  relating to separatism issues have been achieved
  in Aceh and East Timor, the latter having seceded
  from Indonesia in 1999.

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• Increasing tensions between the Communist Party
  of Indonesia (PKI) and the Indonesian military
  culminated in an abortive coup on 30 September
  1965 which saw six top-ranking generals murdered
  in circumstances that remain contentious even
  today. A quick counter-coup led by Major General
  Suharto resulted in an violent anti-communist
  purge centered mainly in Java and Bali. Hundreds
  of thousands were killed - some sources say as
  many as a million - in an event that went largely
  unreported in international media.Politically,
  Suharto capitalized on Sukarno's gravely weakened
  position in a drawn out power play between the
  two, and by March 1967 had maneuvered himself
  into the presidency. Commonly referred to as the
  New Order,Suharto's administration encouraged
  major foreign investment in Indonesia, which was
  to become a major factor in the subsequent three
  decades of substantial economic growth.