SOFTWARE FOR DESIGN OF COLD STORAGE

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• SOFTWARE FOR DESIGN OF COLD STORAGE
• FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
• Paper No. CSBE 08-114
• RAJARAMMANNA
• 
  NITHYA
• Dr.
  ALAGUSUNDARAM
• July14,
  2008
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• 
  

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Outline

• Introduction
• Objectives
• Background
• Methodology
• Result Conclusion
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Introduction

• India is an Agricultural Country
• Second largest producer of Fruits and Vegetables
• Only 2is processed commercially
• 20-50 Post harvest losses

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• Introduction
• What should be done?
• Proper preservation methods
• (a) Reducing the rate of respiration
• (b) Preservatives
• (c) Control/Modified atmosphere storage
• (d) Cold Storage
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• Cold storage in India
• 3443 cold storages in India
• 10.35 MT capacity
• India produces 32 MT fruits 71 MT vegetables
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Objectives

• To develop a software for the technical design of
  a cold storage for fruits and vegetables
• To calculate total cooling load and cost
  economics of cold storage
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Background

• Working of Cold Storage
• Water requirement
• Electricity
• Labor
• Transportation
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Working of Cold Storage

• Source
  http//www.google.ca/search?hlenqrefrigeration
  effectmeta

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Methodology

• Development of Software
• Visual
  basic 6.0
• User friendly
• No chance of mystification
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Cooling Load

• Striking a balance between heat gain and heat
  remove
• Four major source of heat gain
• (a) Building
• (b) Field load
• (c) Respiration
• (d) Service load

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(a) Heat transfer through wall, ceilings and
floor

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  kJ/s

Where A Area of the wall, ceiling, and floor
(m2) U Over all heat transfer coefficient kJ
/s m2 K Ti Internal temperature (C) To
External temperature (C)
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(b) Heat gain from product

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  kJ /s
• Where
• Q Rate of heat transfer (kJ /d)
• Cp Specific heat of the product
  (J /kg K)
• t Chilling time (d)
• m Mass of the product (kg)
• Tz Desired final product
  temperature (oC)
• Tj Entering product temperature (oC)

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(c) Heat given out by bulb

• Q Number of bulbs W (UF) (AF) kJ/s

Where UF Use factor is 0.5 for
industries AF Allowance factor is 1.25 for
fluorescent tubes W Wattage of bulb used,
i.e., 65 W
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(d) Heat generated by labour working

• kJ/s

Where n Number of people working in cold
storage SHG Sensible heat gain per
person, 1500 kJ
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(e) Heat given out by the power equipments
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Total refrigeration required
1 Ton of refrigeration 3.5 kJ /s
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Working of Software
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Working of Software
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Working of Software
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Constants used

• 1 ton of refrigeration removes 3.5 kJ of heat per
  second
• Ammonia (NH3) is the only refrigerant taken
• Ammonia R40 is selected
• 1 ton of refrigeration 0.97 Hp (R40 ammonia)

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Result

• Total cooling load
• Heat emitted by the products
• Heat transfer through walls, roofs and floors
• Heat emitted by light, labour, and lift
• Total electric charge per day
• Number of labours needed
• Amount of ammonia utilized
• Final cost of civil and electrical works
• Total income and expense per day
• Pay back period in years

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Conclusion

• Can get idea about design, construction cost
  economics
• Accurate and reliable cooling load and cost
  calculation
• Need not entirely depend on construction and
  design engineers
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Limitations

• Can hold only 50 t
• Fruits (apple, orange, banana, pineapple, and
  grape)
• Vegetables (tomato, potato, cabbage, carrot, and
  onion)
• Ammonia R40 is the only coolant used in this
  design.
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Indian Council of agricultural researchShanmugan
athan Cold storage, Trichy, Tamil nadu,
IndiaDR. Digvir s jayas, University of
manitoba
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• Acknowledgements

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• THANK YOU
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