ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS

1
ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS M J A Asbury
Presentation ATN 2.3
ATSDL_001_401
2
Presentation Objectives

• The objective of this presentation is to
  describe the main air/ground applications of the
  developing data link based Air Traffic System
  (ATS).
• (The use of data links allows the ATS to achieve
  its performance goals relating to safety,
  capacity and the expeditious movement of air
  traffic while reducing the requirement for voice
  communication and spectrum demand.)

This presentation is based on material in the
ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link
Applications (Doc 9694)
ATSDL_001_402
3
Introduction to ATS Data Link Applications
,
Satellite Communications
Satellite Navigation
Flight Deck Crew
Terrestrial Navigation
Just some of the elements of a data link based
ATS
Radar
Ground/ground Communications
ATCC
ATCO
ATCO
Ground/earth Station
ATSDL_001_403
4
What are ATS Data Link Applications?...

• The ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data
  Link Applications (Doc 9694) defines a Data Link
  Application as the implementation of data link
  technology to achieve specific Air Traffic
  Management (ATM) operational functionalities

ATSDL_001_404
5
In Summary
ATS Data Link Applications have been developed by
ICAO in line with Operational Requirements

• An Operational Requirement is defined as - A
  statement of the operational attributes of a
  system needed for the effective and/or efficient
  provision of air traffic servers to users
• Operational Requirements -
• Ensure that the needs of the ATC system are met
• Are not always technical in nature
• May be achieved by procedural or staffing actions

ATSDL_001_405
6
DATA LINK INITIATION CAPABILITY (DLIC)
ATSDL_002_401
7
The Need for DLIC
DLIC provides the necessary information to
enable data link communications between ATC
ground and aircraft systems. It is an aircraft
initiated application
Aircraft calls ATCC, giving type of data link app
lications requested, and on-board technical
addresses
ATSDL_002_402
8
DLIC Functions
(THE DLIC PROVIDES THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO
ENABLE DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN ATC
GROUND AND AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS)

• Logon
• Data Link application initiation and, if
  required, flight plan association
  
• and, if required,

• Update
• Updating of previously co-ordinated information
• Contact
• Instruction to perform data link initiation with
  another specified ground system
  

• Dissemination
• Local dissemination of
• information
• Ground Forwarding
• Ground/ground forwarding of logon information

ATSDL_002_403
9
DLIC Initiation/Termination

• Under normal operations, the aircraft will
  initiate the DLIC dialogue with a ground station,
  and the ground station will terminate it

Initial HELLO
Final GOODBYE
ATSDL_002_404
10
Ground/Ground Forwarding
The ground system initially contacted by
the aircraft should be able to pass the
relevant information to another ground
station, using ground/ground links.
Multiple ground/ground dialogues
Air/ground dialogue with single ATSU
ATSDL_002_405
11
Benefits from the Use of DLIC

• Maintains a standard procedure for connecting to
  ATS Units
  
• Achieves global interoperability through
  development of ICAO SARPs
  
• Minimises use of bits on the line
• Allows flexibility of operation, using only those
  services which are required
  
• Permits the rapid relay of aircraft information

ATSDL_002_406
12
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE (ADS)
ATSDL_003_401
13
What is ADS?

• ADS is a surveillance technique in which
  aircraft automatically provide, via a data link,
  data derived from on-board navigation and
  position fixing systems, including aircraft
  identification, four dimensional position, and
  additional data as appropriate

ATSDL_003_402
14
What Does ADS Do?

• The ADS application is designed to give
  automatic reports from an aircraft to a ground
  system. The aircraft provides the information to
  the ground system in four ways, namely -
• on demand
• when triggered by an event
• on a periodic basis
• in an emergency (when initiated by the pilot)

ATSDL_003_403
15
Elements Of An ADS System
NAVIGATION SATELLITES
COMMUNICATION SATELLITES
POSITION INFORMATION
SATCOM LINK
GROUND BASED NAVIGATION AIDS
VHF COM LINK
EFFECTIVE REPORTING
GROUND EARTH STATION
ATSU
ATSDL_003_404
16
ADS Functional Overview

• The ADS application allows-
• the implementation of reporting agreements,
  established exclusively by the ground (except in
  emergency - see below)
  
• information to be exchanged between the ground
  system and the aircraft
  
• aircraft originated emergency reporting agreements

ATSDL_003_405
17
Contract Transmission....
The ground system will transmit the appropriate
contracts
to the aircraft.....
SATCOM LINK
VHF COM LINK
The controller will be aware of the contracts r
equested

ATSU
ATSDL_003_406
18
....and Acknowledgement
The flight deck will be unaware of the contrac
ts requested
x
SATCOM LINK
The aircraft will confirm acceptance of theADS
contract to the ground system (by sending the
information requested, in the case of a demand
contract)
VHF COM LINK
ATSU
ATSDL_003_407
19
Basic Report Contents
Position Accuracy (FOM)
Time
POSITION (Lat/Long)
Altitude/ Level
ATSDL_003_408
20
Aircraft Compliance - Most Recent Information
The controller must be provided with the most up
to date ADS derived information
AIRCRAFT LOG
1000 5200N01000W 1001 5207N01000W 1002 5214N0
1000W
1003 5221N01000W 1004 5228N01000W
Most up to date information
ATSDL_003_409
21
Figure of Merit (FOM) Change
ACCURACY DEPENDENT ON RANGE FROM START OR UPDAT
E
X
POSITION HIGHLY ACCURATE USING GNSS
GNSS fails - FOM changes
POSITION ACCURACY DECREASES WITH TIME USING ON
-
BOARD INS/IRS
and
Event Report sent
ATSDL_003_410
22
Pilot Initiated Emergency Mode
ADS Emergency
PRESS
The system should provide for a pilot-initiated
emergency indication.
.
..
ATSDL_003_411
23
ADS Contract Requirements - Ground Station
Operations
The aircraft will be capable of supporting
contracts with at least four ATS ground systems
simultaneously.
FIR B
FIR A
FIR C
AIRCRAFT TRACK
FIR D
ATSDL_003_412
24
ADS Event Contract Examples
Slowing to
M 0.78
M 0.82
50N
Waypoint Change Event
Speed Change Event
20W
Heading or Track Change Event
Threshold
Cleared Level
Level Change Event
ATSDL_003_413
25
Flight Conformance (Lateral, Longitudinal and
Vertical Deviation Monitoring)
Longitudinal Limits
Vertical Limits
Lateral Limits
ATSDL_003_414
26
Benefits from the use of ADS

• Provides surveillance in remote and oceanic
  areas
  
• Facilitates reduction of separation minima
• Better accommodates user-preferred trajectories
• Enhances flight safety
• Enhances pilot and controller productivity
• Reduces R/T traffic and frequency congestion
• Enables a greater degree of ATS automation

ATSDL_003_415
27
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATION

(CPDLC)
ATSDL_004_401
28
Generic Operational Requirement
A data link based Air Traffic System must
include the capability to exchange messages
between the pilot and the controller.
(Manual of ATS Data Link Applications - ICAO Doc
9694)
ATSDL_004_402
29
What does CPDLC Do?
CPDLC allows two way communication between pilot
and controller, but using data link rather th
an voice
Data Link
ATSDL_004_403
30
Elements Of A CPDLC System
SATCOM LINK
VHF COM LINK
EFFECTIVE CONTROL
GROUND EARTH STATION
ATSU
202_1008
31
Compatibility with Voice Phraseology

• The CPDLC Application must include a set of
  clearance/information/request message elements
  which correspond to voice phraseology employed by
  ATC procedures

ICAO CPDLC Message Set
ICAO Doc 4444 PANS/RAC
ATSDL_004_404
32
Complementary to Voice Operations
Non-routine Messages
Controllers and Pilots will use CPDLC in
conjunction with existing voice
communications

Routine Messages
ATSDL_004_405
33
CPDLC Message
A CPDLC Message is composed of -
a. The Message Header, plus b. Message Element
1, plus (optionally) c. Message Element 2, plus (
optionally) d. Message Element 3, plus (optionall
y) e. Message Element 4, plus (optionally) f. Me
ssage Element 5.
202_1007
34
CPDLC Message Element
The Message Element consists of -
a. The message element identifier (from ICAO lis
t) b. Data (with parameter values, if applicable
) c. Message attributes (Urgency, Alert Respons
e) What is actually sent is just the message el
ement number and parameters, e.g. 28-280-1158,
which the pilot sees as - Descend to reach FL2
80 by 1158Z
ATSDL_004_410
35
CPDLC Functionality
CPDLC is merely a means of communication
between a controller and a
pilot, using data link technolo
gy, in order to facilitate better Air Traffic
Management
SATCOM LINK
VHF COM LINK
ATSU
ATSDL_004_407
36
What is a Data Authority?
Pilots (People)
SATCOM LINK
Data Authority (DA) a ground system permitted to
exchange CPDLC messages with an aircraft
GROUND EARTH STATION
Controllers (People)
Telecommunications and data processing (Systems)
ATSDL_004_408
37
Benefits from the Use of CPDLC

• To improve SAFETY by -
• Reducing risk of controller-aircrew
  misunderstandings
  
• Reducing congestion on voice channels
• Reducing risk of failure in the transfer of
  information
  
• To improve ATM EFFICIENCY by -
• Increasing controller/aircrew productivity
• Enabling automation
• Providing concise and precise exchanges between
  controller and aircrew
  
• Reducing the voice communication workload

ATSDL_004_409
38
DATA LINK FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICES DFIS
ATSDL_005_401
39
What Does DFIS Do?

• Flight Information Services (FIS) are provided
  to the pilot to increase flight awareness and to
  enhance safety of flight
  
• The Data Link FIS (DFIS) application allows the
  pilot to request and receive FIS from ground
  systems via data link

ATSDL_005_402
40
Elements of a DFIS System
SATCOM LINK
DFIS is a pilot initiated application
VHF COM LINK
GROUND EARTH STATION
Met Office
ATSU
Airfield
ATSDL_005_403
41
DFIS Functions

• The DFIS application is the route through which
  many flight-related services, currently supplied
  to the pilot by voice, may be provided in digital
  form.
• This includes information which -
• may currently be provided to the crew at the
  flight briefing stage and is presently not
  updated,or
  
• may not be updated as often as both user and
  provider would wish

ATSDL_005_404
42
DFIS User Services

• Services making use of the DFIS application could
  include -
  
• Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
• Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR)
• Windshear Advisory Service
• Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM)
• Runway Visual Range Service (RVR)
• Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF)
• Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET)

ATSDL_005_405
43
Independent Access of Service
Each Service of the DFIS should be capable of b
eing accessed separately, used independently of
others, and
at the pilots discretion.


ATSDL_005_406
44
Current DFIS Services

• Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
• Future DFIS Services will include
• Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR)
• Windshear Advisory Service
• Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM)
• Runway Visual Range Service (RVR)
• Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF)
• Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET)

ATSDL_005_407
45
What is ATIS (Voice or Data Link)?

• ATIS broadcasts are a service provided at
  aerodromes where there is a requirement to reduce
  the communications load on the ATS VHF air-ground
  communications channels.
• ATIS information may be supplied for arriving, or
  departing aircraft, or both.
  
• Dissemination of ATIS information is an ATS and
  not a Met Office responsibility

ATSDL_005_408
46
D-ATIS - Compatibility with Voice
SATCOM LINK
The contents of voice and data link ATIS will be
identical,
and updated at the same time
VOICE COM LINK
DATA COM LINK
GROUND EARTH STATION
ATSDL_005_409
47
Benefits from the Use of DFIS

• The benefits arising from the use of a data link
  based FIS include -
  
• Improved Flight Safety
• Improved Flight economy
• Increased aircrew/controller productivity
• Reduced ambiguity in transmitted information
• Enhanced automation - e.g. Contract
  functionality
  
• Increased accessibility to updated information
• Reduced voice traffic congestion

ATSDL_005_410
48
Main Applications Covered

• The applications which have been covered in this
  presentation are -
  
• Data link Initiation Capability (DLIC)
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)
• Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
  (CPDLC)
  
• Data Link Flight Information Service (DFIS)

ATSDL_007_401
49
ATS AIR/GROUND DATA LINK APPLICATIONS
THANK YOU FOR VIEWING THIS PRESENTATION
ATSDL_007_402