Agroforestry and carbon sequestration: A global scenario

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Analysis of Land Uses especially Agroforestry in
Saharanpur district of North-western India using
Geospatial Technologies
R.H. Rizvi, Deepak Maurya, R.S. Yadav, Ramesh
Singh S.K. Dhyani National Research Centre for
Agroforestry, Jhansi-284003 Email
rhrizvi72_at_icar.org.in, rhrizvi_at_mailcan.com
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Introduction

• The prominent agroforestry systems practiced by
  farmers in Saharanpur district in western U.P.,
  are agri-silviculture, agri-horticulture and
  agri-horti-silviculture.
• Dominant woody perennials prevailed in this
  district are Eucalyptus hybrid, E. tereticornis,
  Populus deltoides (Poplar), inter-sparse
  plantations of Sizygium cumini (Jamun), Dalbergia
  sissoo (Shisham).
• Mangifera indica (mango) is the dominanat fruit
  tree in agri-horticulture. Wheat, mustard,
  sugarcane, paddy are the dominant crops grown by
  the farmers (Sharma and Dadhwal, 1996).
• In Saharanpur district, majority of the farmers
  prefer to plant both eucalyptus and poplar trees
  on field boundary.
• Sources Pathak et al. (2000) Sharma Dadhwal
  (1996)

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Introduction

• GIS and remote sensing applications in
  agroforestry research include estimating areas
  for agroforestry, suitability assessment for
  agroforestry systems, monitoring of agroforestry
  parks. However these technologies have to be
  extensively utilized in agroforestry research.
• Although FSI (2005) gave an estimate of trees
  outside forest cover, but that includes trees
  alongside roads, canals and in orchards, yet it
  does not give exact figures of area under
  agroforestry.
• In order to estimate area under Saharnpur
  district, a DST sponsored project was initiated
  at NRCAF, Jhansi in 2007. Under this project,
  methodology for estimating areas under
  agroforestry has been standardized.
• Sources Unruh and Leferbvre, 1995 Rizvi et
  al., 2009 Bentrup and Leininger, 2002 Bernard
  and Depommier, 1997

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Methodology

• Satellite remote sensing images of Resourcesat-1
  (IRS-P6/ LISS III) with spatial resolution of
  23.5 m for the year 1998 and 2007 were procured
  from National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad.
• Spectral analysis for land uses/ land covers
  (LU/LC) and delineation of areas under
  agroforestry systems was done using Arc Info 9.3
  and IDRISI Andes software.
• Forest area in the district was digitized with
  the help of FCC and toposheets, used for masking
  this area from total district area. Land use/land
  cover classification was done by supervised
  techniques.
• Remote sensing data of three spectral bands viz.
  green, red and near-infra red was subjected to
  PCA transformation before classification.

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Methodology

• Training sites for six classes viz. agriculture,
  builtups, fallow/wastelands, plantation,
  agroforestry, water/water bodies were created
  with the help of FCC and NDVI images.
• Field data on agroforestry systems collected
  through GPS from the farmers fields was used as
  training sites for agroforestry class.
• Maximum likelihood and minimum distance to mean
  classifiers were used in case of supervised
  classification. Accuracy of classification
  methods was done by error matrix analysis.
• The area under agroforestry so obtained by
  different methods was extracted from the
  classified images of 1998 and 2007. Thereafter
  change detection analysis was done for assessing
  the change in area under agroforestry over this
  period.

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Results/ Findings
Area under land uses/ land covers in Saharanpur
district for year 2007
LU/LC classes Max. likelihood classifier Max. likelihood classifier Min. distance to mean classifier Min. distance to mean classifier
LU/LC classes Area (ha) Area (ha)
Agroforestry 77260.10 21.4 60857.50 16.8
Agriculture 134479.00 37.2 161727.00 44.7
Plantation 43141.90 11.9 45322.10 12.5
Builtups 20350.50 5.6 28589.20 7.9
Water/ water bodies 3046.70 0.8 2301.78 0.6
Fallow/ wastelands 52458.30 14.5 31938.90 8.8
Natural Forest 31000.00 8.6 31000.00 8.6
Total 361736.50 361736.50
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Contd.
Error matrix of classification for maximum
likelihood classifier (2007)
AG BU WB FW AF PL TOT Er C ()
AG 911 10 0 6 5 20 952 4.31
BU 12 929 23 1 0 0 965 3.73
WB 0 0 811 35 0 0 846 4.14
FW 14 15 5 927 0 0 961 3.54
AF 11 0 2 15 1106 74 1208 8.44
PL 14 0 0 0 31 923 968 4.65
TOT 962 954 841 984 1142 1017 5900
Er O () 5.30 2.62 3.57 5.79 3.15 9.24 4.97
AG- agriculture, BU- builtups, WB- water bodies,
FW- fallow/wastelands, AF- agroforestry, PL-
plantation, TOT- total, Er C- error of
commission, Er O- error of omission Overall
accuracy 95.03 Overall Kappa 0.94
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Contd.
Error matrix of classification for minimum
distance to mean classifier (2007)
AG BU WB FW AF PL TOT Er C ()
AG 768 20 4 0 0 1 793 3.15
BU 94 809 0 0 0 0 903 10.41
WB 95 2 809 22 12 39 979 17.36
FW 0 0 144 933 0 31 1108 15.79
AF 2 8 5 0 942 0 957 1.57
PL 25 2 0 62 0 1071 1160 7.67
TOT 984 841 962 1017 954 1142 5900
Er O () 2.19 3.80 1.59 8.26 1.26 6.22 9.63
AG- agriculture, BU- builtups, WB- water bodies,
FW- fallow/wastelands, AF- agroforestry, PL-
plantation, TOT- total, Er C- error of
commission, Er O- error of omission Overall
accuracy 90.37 Overall Kappa 0.88
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Agroforestry area in different climatic and
edaphic conditions
Land use Area (ha)
Arable land (Irrigated) 70370.10 91.9
Arable land (Un-irrigated) 6630.72 8.6
Forest land 259.28 0.3
Total 77260.10
Soils group Area (ha)
Aquent-Fluvents 14103.01 18.2
Ochrepts-Psamments 48806.83 63.2
Udalfs-Ochrepts 14350.26 18.6
Total 77260.10
Rainfall zone Area (ha)
Low (below 800 mm) 21319.15 27.6
Medium (800-1000 mm) 50607.31 65.5
High (above 1000 mm) 533.64 6.9
Total 77260.10
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Area under poplar and eucalyptus based
agroforestry systems

• The total agroforestry area was further
  classified into poplar and eucalyptus based
  systems with the help of ground truth data.
• Poplar and eucalyptus based systems accounted
  for 49193.80 ha (63.7) and 28066.30 ha (36.3),
  respectively.
• It clearly indicated that poplar based systems
  are more dominant than eucalyptus based systems
  in Saharanpur district.

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Temporal change in agroforestry area in
Saharanpur district
Area under land uses/ land covers in Saharanpur
district (1998)
LU/LC classes Max. likelihood classifier Max. likelihood classifier
LU/LC classes Area (ha)
Agroforestry 84918.80 23.5
Agriculture 127230.00 35.2
Plantation 26101.18 7.2
Builtups 19535.90 5.4
Water/ water bodies 7312.61 2.0
Fallow/ wastelands 66190.90 18.3
Natural Forest 30446.11 8.4
Total 361736.50

• Area under agroforestry decreased from 84918.80
  ha in 1998 to 77260.10 ha in 2008.
• There was decline in agroforestry area of about
  7658.70 ha (9.0).
• This decline in area is attributed to decrease
  in poplar wood prices in the market since 2001
  till 2005.

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Conclusions

• Out of two methods applied, maximum likelihood
  classifier was found more accurate than minimum
  distance to mean classifier.
• Agroforestry is an important land use in
  Saharanpur district as it covers considerable
  area of the district.
• Poplar based agroforestry systems was
  predominant in Saharanpur district.
• Agroforestry area declined over a period of ten
  years due to decrease in wood prices in the
  market.
• Methodology standardized under this study may be
  replicated for estimating areas under
  agroforestry in other part of the country.

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Thank you