Force Protection

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Force Protection
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Definition of terrorism

• the unlawful use or threatened use of force or
  violence against individuals or property to
  coerce, or intimidate governments or societies,
  often to achieve political, religious, or
  ideological objectives.

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Common Characteristics of Terrorist Groups

• They seek to intimidate a population by promoting
  fear
• They are militarily weak
• They do not equate tactical success with mission
  success
• They are usually urban based
• They are highly mobile
• They operate covertly

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Short Range Goals of Terrorist Acts

• Obtain Worldwide, National, or Local Recognition
  for Their Cause
• Cause the Governments to Overreact
• Harass, Weaken, or Embarrass Government Security
  Forces
• Obtain Money and Equipment
• Destroy Facilities or Disrupt Lines of
  Communications

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• Discourage Foreign Investments or Assistance
  Programs
• Influence Government Decisions, Legislation, or
  Elections
• Free Prisoners
• Satisfy Vengeance
• Turn the Tide in a Guerrilla War

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Internal Organization of Terrorist Groups

• Operational Cell-- The action arm of the group.
  In sophisticated groups, these cells may be
  highly specialized with bombers, assassins, or
  personnel performing other specific functions.
  In new or less sophisticated groups, operational
  cells may perform many jobs, including
  intelligence and support. These groups usually
  consist of three to five people.

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Intelligence Cell

• This cell collects information on potential
  targets. It is highly compartmentalized and
  follows very strict security. This means that
  members of the cell may know only the other
  members of their cell. They may not know who
  they take their orders from (receiving orders at
  drop points) or who is in other cells. The size
  of these cells vary greatly

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Auxiliary Cell

• Auxiliary Cells usually perform support functions
  such as raising funds, screening recruits, and
  distributing propaganda. They are often larger
  and less strictly compartmentalized than other
  cells. They can consist entirely of terrorist
  sympathizers and supprters other than the cadre

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Two Characteristics of Terrorist Training

• Internal Training- This is usually conducted
  secretly by members of the group within the
  target country.
• External Training- This is conducted by
  non-group members, often outside the target
  country. Most known international training
  camps are located in the Middle East with Libya
  boasting more than 70.

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Training Program

• Individual Physical and Mental Conditioning
• Weapons and Explosives
• Political Indoctrination
• General Tactics and Combat Techniques
• Intelligence Collecting
• Psychological Warfare
• Survival
• Communications

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Anti-Terrorism Measures

• Anti-terrorism is the preventive stage of
  terrorism. These measures are intended to harden
  potential targets and to develop procedures to
  detect planned terrorist actions before they take
  place, thereby reducing the probability of a
  terrorist event
• Prevention is always the best posture!

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• Criminal Information / Intelligence
• Threat Assessment
• Crime Prevention
• Operational Security
• Personnel Protection
• Physical Security

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Crisis Management Planning

• Who will make decisions and have final authority
  for the team as a whole
• Who will be members of the team and what will
  their responsibilities be
• The missions of the military police, the
  augmentation forces, and the installation staff
• Specialized training of hostage negotiators and
  special reaction teams
• Contingency plans

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Counter-Terrorism Measures

• Counter-terrorism measures are taken in response
  to terrorist incident, including direct contact
  with a terrorist force to end the incident with
  minimum loss of life and property.
• Responding to a terrorist incident requires
  special capabilities and considerations
• The incident must be identified as a terrorist
  event

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• Preparation for multiple incidents or
  diversionary tactics
• Establishment of communication
• Use of think-tank teams
• Preparation for prolonged incidents
• Management of the media
• Preparation of an after-action report

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Personal Protective Measures

• Your attitude towards security is most important.
  You can lessen your chances as well as those of
  your family members of becoming a terrorist
  target by taking some precautions

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At All times!!!!!!

• Encourage security awareness
• Be alert for surveillance attempts
• Vary personal routines
• Let people know where you are and when youll be
  home
• Know how to use the local phone system and have
  extra change and cash on hand
• Have emergency response numbers on hand

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• Know the location of government buildings and the
  American Embassy
• Avoid public disputes
• Know certain phrases to get help!!!
• Set up an emergency signal system for your family
• Carry some sort of ID with blood type
• Keep one weeks worth of Medication on you at all
  times
• Keep a low profile

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• Do not unnecessarily divulge your home address or
  phone number
• Watch for unexplained absences of local citizens
• Maintain your personal affairs in good order
• Do not carry sensitive or potentially
  embarrassing items on you

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At Home

• Have a clear view of approaches to your home
• Install strong doors
• Change locks when you move in or lose a key
• Install windows that are hard to access
• Never leave extra keys with anyone except family
• Have adequate lighting

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While Traveling

• Vary times and routes
• Be alert for suspicious-looking vehicles
• Drive with your widows and doors locked
• Travel with a group of people
• Do not pick up hitchhikers
• Keep your gas tank filled at least half full

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In Hotels

• Keep your room key on you at all times
• Know the location of emergency exits
• Do not admit strangers into your room
• Know how to locate security guards
• Be observant for suspicious persons
• Keep your room orderly to enable you to notice
  tampering

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Air Travel Security

• Use military aircraft when possible
• Avoid high risk areas
• Do not use rank on tickets
• Ensure to take a window seat
• Travel in civilian attire
• Travel with civilian luggage

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Phases of a Terrorist Incident

• There are FIVE basic phases of every terrorist
  operation, they are as follows

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Pre-Incident Phase

• During this phase the terrorist meticulously
  plans the operation. They may conduct
  reconnaissance missions, lengthy periods of
  training, and rehearsals.
• If a primary target is unavailable, or the risk
  is perceived as too great, an alternative target
  is selected.

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Initiation Phase

• This is the start of the operation, when the
  terrorists move to their target in a covert
  manner.
• Perpetrators leave for the target singly or in
  pairs
• Weapons and explosives are pre-staged
• The point of no return unless a mission abort is
  given

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Negotiations Phase

• The negotiation phase is characterized by the
  terrorists demands, deadlines, talks, and
  tradeoffs. The terrorist will prolong this phase
  as long as possible to get the maximum amount of
  news coverage and publicity possible.
• One demand will always be present during this
  phase.

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Climax Phase

• This has no set time schedule, but it may follow
  the initiation phase if there is no negotiable
  item involved, such as an hostage. Security is
  at its peak during this phase, and law
  enforcement radio frequencies and civilian media
  are monitored closely

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Post-Incident Phase

• This is an extremely important phase for the
  terrorists. During this phase, the terrorists
  regroup, discuss, and critique the operation.
• During this phase, they learn from their
  successes and failures.
• In the absence of a negotiation phase, the
  terrorist exploit the media during the
  post-incident phase.

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