Health Situation in the Western Pacific Region

1
Health Situation in the Western Pacific Region

• Health Sector Development Division
• WHO/WPRO
• Manila

2
Health status

• IMR/under 5 mortality rate
• WPR has a range of countries with very low IMR to
  a few countries with still high IMR
• Cambodia, Lao PDR, and PNG
• IMR
• Cambodia 95 Lao PDR 93 PNG 73
• Under 5 mortality
• Cambodia 135 Lao PDR 105 PNG - 112

3
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1 000 live births)
60
20

60
No data
Hong Kong
Lao PDR
(2.90)
(93.00)
Cambodia
(95.00)
Papua
Kiribati (53.00)
New
Papua New Guinea
Singapore
Guinea
(73.00)
(2.20)
4
Health status

• MMR
• Several countries still have very high MMR
• Cambodia, Lao PDR, PNG
• Cambodia 437 Lao PDR 650 PNG - 370
• Mongolia, Philippines and some Pacific Islands
  Countries still have high MMR (above 100)

5
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100 000 live
births)
Mongolia
100
40
-
100
Micronesia
No data
Lao PDR
(650.00)
Philippines
Cambodia
(437.00)
Papua New Guinea
(370.00)
Solomon
Islands
American
Samoa
6
Health status

• Life expectancy at birth (2001)
• Range from a high of 84.7 for females and 77.9
  for males in Japan to
• 59.0 for females and 53.3 for males in Cambodia
• 55.6 for females and 53.5 for males in Lao PDR
• 61.3 for females and 58.4 for males in PNG
• Apart from Cambodia, Lao PDR and PNG, the rest of
  WPR countries have LE at birth above 60

7
Health status

• TB
• High burden countries in the WPR are Cambodia,
  Mongolia, PNG, Philippines, Viet Nam, Lao PDR and
  China
• STB special project
• Population with access to DOTS is steadily
  increasing
• Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM)

8
TB situation
9
TB situation
10
TB situation
11
TB situation
12
Health status

• Malaria
• Mekhong countries, China (Yunan), Lao PDR,
  Cambodia, Viet Nam
• PNG, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
• Malaysia, Philippines and Korea
• Declining incidence and mortality rates

13
Malaria situation
14
Malaria situation
15
Malaria situation
16
Malaria situation
17
Malaria situation
18
Malaria situation
19
Health status

• HIV/AIDS
• Cambodia
• Malaysia, Viet Nam, China
• Reported cases are steadily increasing up to 2000
• Sign of stabilization in Cambodia
• Importance of heterosexual transmission in PICs

20
HIV/AIDS situation
21
HIV/AIDS situation
22
HIV/AIDS situation
23
HIV/AIDS situation
24
HIV/AIDS situation
25
HIV/AIDS situation
26
Health status

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Highest prevalence rates in the world in some of
  the PICs
• Ranges from 10 to 40
• More of an urban problem than rural in PICs
• Costly tertiary care and overseas referral
• Increasing in China, and Mongolia

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29
Health status

• Risk factors
• WHR 2002
• WPR countries are divided into very low adult,
  very low child mortality strata of WPR (A) and
  low adult, low child mortality of WPR (B)
• Double burden of diseases in most of the WPR
  countries
• Rapid epidemiological transition

30
Risks situation
31
Risks situation
32
Risks situation
33
Health status

• Total Burden of disease in DALYs
• Communicable diseases
• WPR-A (1,064) WPR-B (56,205)
• Noncommunicable conditions
• WPR-A (13,720) WPR-B (150,556)
• Injuries
• WPR-A (1,646) WPR-B (34,677)
• Total DALYs
• WPR-A (16,430) WPR-B (241,438)

34
Health status

• of population aged 60 years (2001)
• Australia 16.5
• Japan 23.8
• New Zealand 15.7
• Singapore 10.8
• China 10.0
• Cambodia 4.4
• Lao PDR 5.6
• PNG 4.2

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Demographic transition

• Australia, Japan, New Zealand
• Republic of Korea, Singapore
• China
• Developing countries from the WPR will have more
  rapid demographic transition
• Together with epidemiological transition, health
  consequences will be enormous

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Demographic dividend

• 1/3 of East Asias economic achievements has been
  contributed to this demographic dividend
• Increasing working adult population with good
  education
• Good policy, infrastructure, and opportunity
• Economic development
• Improved standard of living
• WPR developing countries should capitalize on
  these health and population changes into economic
  opportunity