MICROQUASARS

1
ARTIST VIEW OF BLACK HOLES by Jean-Pierre
Luminet
2
ACCRETION/JET CONNECTION IN MICROQUASARSAS IN
AGN THE JETS COME IN DIFFERENT TYPES
1) DOUBLE-SIDED RADIO SOURCE WITH STATIONARY
LOBES ASSOCIATED TO PERSISTENT X-RAY SOURCES
2) DOUBLE OR SINGLE SIDED MOVING JETS THAT APPEAR
AT TRANSITIONS FROM LOW-HARD TO HIGH-SOFT X-RAY
STATES. FORMATION OF TERMINAL LOBES AT RADIO
X-RAYS.
3) TRANSIENT BABY-JETS DURING FAST TRANSITIONS
FROM LOW-HARD TO HIGH SOFT STATES. FLUENCE-DT
CONNECTION ?
4) COMPACT STEADY JETS DURING LONG LOW-HARD
STATES SEEN IN ALL STEADILY ACCRETING BHs
Cyg X-1 Sgr A
IN mQSOs ASSOCIATED TO SPECIFIC X-RAY STATES
3
X/GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA OF BLACK HOLE BINARIES

GRO (Grove et
al 98)

DIFFERENT FROM SPECTRA OF NEUTRON STAR X-RAY
BINARIES
4
Low/Hard and High/Soft states in Black Holes

Grebenev et al. 93
Compact jet Corbel et al. 2001

• Accretion disk structure and spectrum described
  by Shakura Sunyaev 73

5
The Power-Evolution of Black Hole XRBs
Accretion Disk
Radio X-ray Spectrum
Radio Jet
Fender (2001)
6
X-RAY STATES AND JETS
Microquasar GRS 1915105
(Pooley with Ryle)
RXTE

• MAJOR EJECTIONS TAKE PLACE DURING X-RAY
  TRANSITION FROM LOW-HARD TO HIGH-SOFT STATE
  (Mirabel et al. 1994, 1998 Fender et al. 2002).

VLBA ALLOWS ASTROMETRY AND PROPER MOTIONS WITH
SUB-MAS PRECISION !
7
MICROQUASARS AS PROBES OF BLACK HOLE FORMATION
HOW ARE STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES FORMED ? IS
IT BY PROMPT COLLAPSE OR DELAYED/FAILED COLLAPSE
? ARE BLACK HOLES BORN WITH NATAL KICKS AS
NEUTRON STARS ? IS THIS A FUNCTION OF THE
PROGENITOR AND BLACK HOLE MASS ? ANSWERS ARE
IMPORTANT TO 1) CONSTRAIN THE PHYSICAL MODELS,
2) FOR ASTRONOMY PROJECTS THAT USE GRBs FOR
COSMOLOGY. IS THE FORMATION OF BHs ALWAYS
ASSOCIATED TO SN AND GRBs ? THE BIRTH PLACE AND
MECHANISM OF FORMATION CAN BE INFERRED FROM THE
KINEMATICS. BUT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO KNOW THE
SPACE VELOCITY OF SOLITARY BLACK HOLES.
8
MULTIWAVELENGTH TOOLS TO TRACK THE PATH OF
MICROQUASARS
1) RADIAL VELOCITY OF THE CENTRE OF MASS
FROM SPECTROSCOPY OF THE DONOR STAR
2) PROPER MOTION FROM ASTROMETRY OF
COMPACT JETS (VLBI) OR DONOR STAR (OPTICAL)
3) DISTANCE BY CLASSIC METHODS IN ASTRONOMY
THE GALACTOCENTRIC ORBIT CAN THEN BE COMPUTED
USING A GALACTIC MASS MODEL
9
BLACK HOLE IN THE HALO
Mirabel , Dhawan , Rodrigues,
Mignani, Guglielmetti (Nature, September 13,
2001) XTE J1118480 MBH7 M? _at_ l158o
b62o D1.9 kpc


Proper Motions Radio with VLBA Optical on 43
years POSS
Vpec150 km/sec

DRIFTING AT A VELOCITY OF 150 km/sec
10
Animacion
11
POPULAR VIEW OF BLACK HOLES AS CANNIBAL
STARS
12
Irapuan
13
THE PATH OF SCORPIUS X-1
A GALACTIC BULGE X-RAY BINARY WITH A CHAOTIC
ORBIT
14
THE RUNAWAY BLACK HOLE GRO J1655-40

(Mirabel, Rodrigues, et al. 2002)
PROPER MOTION WITH HST
DISTANCE 1-3 Kpc RUNAWAY VELOCITY 116 /- 12
km/sec LINEAR MOMENTUM 550 /- 100 MSUN km/s
as neutron stars BH FORMED IN A SN Consistent
with (Israelian et al. Nature 2001)
15
THE BIRTH SITES OF HMXBs
Rodrigues Mirabel 2003
LSI 61 303
Cygnus X-1
THE AGES, RUNAWAY VELOCITIES, PROGENITOR MASS
LIMITS ETC CAN BE CONSTRAINED
16
RESULTSIn proceedings of 4th Microquasar
workshop

• ON 7 INDIVIDUAL SOURCES. THE RUNAWAY KINETIC
  ENERGY OF
• X-RAY BINARIES IS lt 1 OF THE KINETIC ENERGY OF
  SUPERNOVAE.
• ALTHOUGH THE SAMPLE IS STILL NOT STATISTICALLY
  SIGNIFICANT
• TO DRAW MUCH GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
• IN THE FUTURE IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO CONSTRAIN
  WITH MORE
• PRECISION WHICH BLACK HOLES ARE FORMED IN THE
  EXPLOSION
• OF MASSIVE STARS AND WHICH ARE FORMED BY
  IMPLOSION,
• AS A FUNCTION OF THE PROGENITOR AND BLACK HOLE
  MASSES.
• CAVEAT SELECTION EFFECT IN THE SAMPLE BECAUSE
  THE MOST
• ENERGETIC NATAL EXPLOSIONS MAY UNBOUND THE
  BINARIES,
• AND THEREFORE NOT ABLE TO SEE THOSE HIGH SPEED
  REMNANTS.