Wireless communications

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Wireless communications

• Prof. Sheldon Lou
• College of Business Administration
• CSU San Marcos

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What will be covered?

• Fundamentals
• How is information (voice, data) sent and
  received without wires?
• What are Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMax, GPS, and RFID?
• How do they work?
• How to set up a Wi-Fi network?
• What is GPS? How is it used?
• What is a Radio Frequency ID?
• How do cell phones work?
• What is CDMA?
• What is GSM?
• What is 3G?
• What is 4G?
• Business opportunities

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Wired and Wireless Communications

• The main difference the medium usedwire vs. air
• This difference gives rise to the most attractive
  feature of wireless communications the mobility.
• But it often results in colossal implementation
  issues and inferior performance for wireless
  communications.
• Bandwidth number of uses
• Security
• reliability

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Comparison of wired and wireless communications
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Basics for Wireless Communications

• How are signals transmitted wirelessly?
• How can many users make calls simultaneously (the
  limited bandwidth problem, TDMA, CDMA, etc.)?
• How can interference be reduced (the spread
  spectrum technology)?
• How can security be enhanced?
• Voice and data transmissions

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What is Wi-Fi?

• Wi-Fi (or WiFiWireless Fidelity) is actually
  802.11, which is a set of standards established
  by IEEE on wireless local area networks.
• The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance
  started the Wi-Fi certification program to ensure
  that equipment claiming 802.11 compliance was
  genuinely interoperable.

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Municipal WiFi Networks

• Cover outdoor street level or inside buildings
• Large un-served market for Wi-Fi
• Public access and municipal government
  applications
• Fast emergency response networks

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How will cities use WiFi?

• Emergency response network
• The Wi-Fi cloud can be dedicated to the fire
  department or other emergency response teams
• When not used for emergencies, the system can
  provide high speed internet access to the public
• Homeland security or police applications
• Remote security cameras
• Database access from the field
• Intelligent traffic control
• Use the high bandwidth network to monitor and
  control traffic
• Internet access for underprivileged areas
• Wi-Fi could be a cost-effective way to deliver
  broadband internet access
• City owns and controls the infrastructure that
  beams Wi-Fi

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Other WiFi Applications

• Hospitality
• Complete large hotel coverage
• Practical coverage of sports arenas and
  convention centers
• Education
• Wi-Fi ready, but many un-served venues on
  campuses
• Coverage for large venues and areas between
  buildings.
• Transportation/Logistics
• Fleets, manufacturing, railways, large
  warehouses, shipping yards, train stations and
  railways
• Critical applications already in place

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What are business opportunities?

• Hardware Access Point (AP), wireless media
  center, etc.
• Providing Wi-Fi servicehot spots
• Installing and managing WLANs

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What is WiMax?

• It is actually the so-called 802.16 standard set
  by IEEE.
• Acronym for Worldwide Interoperability for
  Microwave Access
• It was designed as a wireless alternative to
  cable and DSL for last mile (last km) broadband
  access.
• Use a tall antenna to cover a relatively large
  area to provide two-directional wideband (high
  speed) connections wirelessly. Multiple users can
  be served by one base station.
• The new 802.16e amendment can also serve mobile
  users.

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What is Bluetooth?

• It is actually the so-called IEEE 802.15 standard
• Wire replacement to connect a PC or laptop to its
  keyboard, mouse, microphone, printer, and
  notepad.
• It handles both voice and data.
• Ad hoc networking of several users at short
  range, e.g., in a conference room

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Cellular Systems

• The main features of a cell phone system
  multiple cells to address the limited bandwidth
  problem
• FDMA, TDMA and CDMA
• GSM
• 3G and 4G

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Some symbols

• k (kilo) 1,000
• kbps one thousand bits per second
• M (mega) 1 million
• Mbps one million bits per second
• MHz one million Hertz per second
• G (giga) 1 billion (1,000 million)
• Gbps 1 billion bits per second

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More terms

• Cellular systems WWAN (Wireless Wide Area
  Network)
• WiMax WMAN (Wireless Metro Area Network)
• WiFi WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
• Bluetooth WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)

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Compare Wireless Technologies
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The future of cell phones

• 1G to 3G and 4G
• From voice only to data transmission, video, the
  Internet, etc.
• GPS
• TV broadcast
• Games
• Satellite radio