Preview

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Revolution and Change in France

• Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• The Revolution of 1830
• Birth of a Republic
• The Dreyfus Affair

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Revolution and Change in France
Main Idea During the 1800s opposing groups in
France struggled to determine what kind of
government France would havea republic, a
constitutional monarchy, or an absolute monarchy.

• Reading Focus
• What happened during the Revolution of 1830?
• What were the results of the birth of the French
  republic?
• How did the Dreyfus affair reveal divisions
  within French society?

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The Revolution of 1830
At the end of the Napoleonic era, the Congress of
Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the French throne.
The French had a constitution and a legislature,
but most power remained with the king. The French
people would not remain content with their
government for long.
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• Repressive Rule
• Louis Philippe became more like king, less like
  citizen over time
• Increased number of voters, but only extended
  vote to more wealthy citizens
• Limited freedom of press, rule became
  increasingly repressive, silenced most who
  opposed him

• Economic Depression
• During Louis Philippes reign, working people
  grew poorer, middle class and aristocracy became
  more prosperous
• Popularity deteriorated rapidly with economic
  depression of 1846
• Life became difficult for all but wealthiest
  people
• Discontent would lead to revolution again

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Identify Cause and Effect What were the effects
of the Revolution of 1830?
Answer(s) King Charles X abdicated and was
replaced by King Louis Philippe, the citizen
king.
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Birth of a Republic
The economic troubles and general unhappiness
simmered until 1848. Then revolution exploded
again and another republic was born.
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Napoleon III and the Second Empire
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The Third Republic

• War with Prussia
• 1870, Napoleon III drew France into war with
  Prussia
• Napoleon III captured, surrendered to Prussians

• Deposed
• Shameful defeat led French Assembly to depose
  Napoleon III
• Proclaimed Third Republic

• Siege of Paris
• New republic immediately faced crisis
• Prussians invaded France, began siege of Paris

• Important Reforms
• Primary education available for children between
  6 and 13
• Trade unions legalized, working hours reduced,
  workers got one day off per week

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Draw Conclusions Why did the French elect Louis
Napoleon as their president?
Answer(s) possible answerbecause of his famous
name and family legacy
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The Dreyfus Affair

• Reforms did not solve all of Frances problems
• Divisions continued to split French society
• 1894, divisions came to head over controversial
  Dreyfus Affair, revealing extent of French
  anti-Semitism, prejudice toward Jews

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Defending Dreyfus

• Zola
• 1898, French writer Émile Zola defended Dreyfus
• Published letter accusing French government of
  anti-Semitism
• Letter set off riots, led French courts to reopen
  Dreyfuss case

• Effects
• Many political groups united into twothose for
  Dreyfus and those against
• Theodor Herzl began Zionism movement, called for
  re-creation of a Jewish state in original homeland

• Zionism
• Herzl believed root of anti-Semitism was that
  Jews did not have own nation
• 1900s, many Jews had settled in eastern
  Mediterranean area, Palestine
• Settlements caused other Jews to follow, Zionist
  movement strengthened

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Identify Cause and Effect What were two major
effects of the Dreyfus affair?
Answer(s) polarized the French into two groups
inspired Theodor Herzl to begin the movement
called Zionism, with the objective of creating a
Jewish state in Palestine