International Shipping

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Federal Transportation Officer Training
Session 4 - International Shipments
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International Shipping

• Presented by
• Angela Lauvray
• Office of Logistics Operations (A/LM/OPS)
• 1701 N. Ft. Myer Dr.
• Arlington, VA 22209
• 703-875-6088

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What You Will Learn

• Introduction to some of the regulations and
  requirements involved with international shipment
  of Government cargo
• Basics of shipping Internationally
• Basics of US Flag requirements
• Information sources and an introduction to
  international transportation vocabulary

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International Shipping

• This lesson assumes the user has an understanding
  of commercial shipping and needs to know how that
  fits into the business processes used by civilian
  government agencies for making international
  shipments.
• For the purposes of this Shipping presentation,
  it is recommended that users read through the
  definitions (slide 26 through 47) to get a
  general sense of their meaning and use this as a
  general reference for other material and aspects
  of shipping presented herein.

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International Shipping

• Definition Cargo movement of U.S. government
  goods to foreign destinations.
• Civilian government agencies have a different set
  of rules and business processes than goods moved
  by Department of Defense (military) methods.
• Most Civilian government freight must be cleared
  by the U.S. Embassy upon entry into foreign
  countries
• The State Department has a robust transportation
  capability for civilian agencies to accomplish
  their shipping requirements.

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International Shipping

• Civilian - Military
• Generally, civilian government entities use the
  existing commercial infrastructure of vendors,
  forwarders, and their resources.
• Military transportation offices may use these
  same commercial resources or may use their own
  organic resources (i.e., military planes or
  ships).

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International Shipping

• Phases of International Shipping
• EXPORT Requirements to move it out of the
  origin country
• INTRANSIT International laws regulating the
  commercial air or surface transportation service
  provider (TSP) while in transit, and
• DESTINATION CLEARANCE Requirements and Customs
  regulations to bring goods into the host country
  (import).
• NOTE The U.S. Government also handles import
  shipments into the U.S. which are regulated by
  U.S. Customs, the Department of Agriculture,
  etc., and are unique to each import circumstance
  and commodity.

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International Shipping

• U.S. State Department Shipment Management
• Government agencies may use their own resources
  to execute international shipments, or use the
  services of an established government freight
  forwarder, like the Department of
• The State Department transportation offices
  manage personal effects and general cargo
  shipping to support U.S. Government abroad.
• The State Department has long established
  procedures for managing international logistics,
  to include
• A network of field offices (Despatch Agencies)
  and consolidated receiving point (CRPs)
  warehouses to receive, stage, and export USG
  cargo to global embassy destinations
• A robust transportation management software
  system that provides world-wide intransit
  visibility
• The services of the State Department
  transportation network are available to support
  any U.S. Government funded transportation
  requirements

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Regulations Hierarchy
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Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

• The U.S. Code is a codification of legislation,
  while the CFR serves as administrative law.
• The United States Code (U.S. Code) precedes the
  CFR and contains statutes enacted by Congress.
  The CFR contains regulations, which spell out in
  further detail how the executive branch will
  interpret the law. The two documents represent
  different stages in the legislative process.
• Every regulation in the CFR must have an
  "enabling statute," or statutory authority.
• Administrative law exists because the Congress
  often grants broad authority to executive branch
  agencies to interpret the statutes in the U.S.
  Code (and in un-codified statutes) which the
  agencies are entrusted with enforcing.

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Shipping Regulations

• The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the
  Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) are the primary
  regulatory guides used for government shipping.
• In some instances government shipments are exempt
  from certain regulations that apply to commercial
  shipments
• Export declarations
• In other cases, government shipments must follow
  regulations that do not apply to commercial
  shipments
• American Flag carrier

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U.S. Government International Shipping Regulations

• Transportation Management 41 CFR 102-117
• Transportation Payment Audit 41 CFR 102-118
• Acquisition of Transportation 48 CFR  47
• Cargo Preference is regulated by 46 CFR 381
• Fly America is implemented in 48 CFR 47.4
• Foreign Affairs Manual FAM (applies only to
  Foreign Affairs Agencies)

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Governing Regulations U.S. Export
Following are laws and regulations which may apply to an export shipment Following are laws and regulations which may apply to an export shipment
Exemption from Export Declarations CFR 15, Para. 30
State Department Regulations (To include Foreign Service Regulations) CFR 22
Export License CFR 22
Use of GBL's CFR 41, Para. 102 118
Coast Guard and DOT Regulations CFR 46
Federal Maritime Commission Regulations CFR 46, Para. 500 to End
Federal Acquisition Regulation System CFR 48
Use of Freight Forwarders ( Definition of Carriers) CFR 49
HAZMAT Regulations CFR 49
International Air Transportation Association Code, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Public Law 88-205 Anti-deficiency
United States Flag Use and Exceptions (Ocean) Cargo Preference Act of 1954 and Merchant Marine Act of 1936
United States Flag Use and Waivers (Air) International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Act of 1974
Use of Commercial BL in Lieu of GBL Comptroller General's Circular Letter B-150556
Packing ISPM-15
Foreign Affairs Manual For Foreign Affairs Agencies Only FAM
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Governing Regulations Transportation Service
Provider
Following are laws and regulations which may apply to a Transportation Service Provider handling an export shipment for the U.S. Government Following are laws and regulations which may apply to a Transportation Service Provider handling an export shipment for the U.S. Government
United States Flag Use and Exceptions (Ocean) Cargo Preference Act of 1954 and Merchant Marine Act of 1936
United States Flag Use and Waivers (Air International Air Transportation Fair Competitive Act of 1974
Exemption from Export Declarations CFR 15, Para. 30
Export License CFR 22
Coast Guard and DOT Regulations CFR 46
Federal Maritime Commission Regulations CFR 46, Para. 500 to End
Use of Freight Forwarders ( Definition of Carriers) CFR 49
HAZMAT Regulations CFR 49 International Air Transportation Association Code, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
Use of Commercial BL in Lieu of GBL Comptroller General's Circular Letter B-150556
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American Flag Requirements Cargo Preference Act

• Cargo Preference Act 46 USC 55303 et. seq.
• USG Personal Effects 100 on US Flag carriers
• USG Supplies Equipment 50 on US Flag carriers
• Military Cargo Preference Act 10 USC 2631
• 100 on US Flag Vessels
• In accordance with Section 901 of the Merchant
  Marine Act of 1936, travel and transportation of
  effects shall be on ships registered under the
  laws of the U.S. where such ships are available,
  unless the necessity of the mission requires
  the use of a ship under a foreign flag.
• The Maritime Administration (DOT/MARAD) requires
  the USG to report US flag usage.

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American Flag RequirementsCargo Preference Act

• The Cargo Preference Act of 1954 applies to the
  following types of cargoes
• Supplies owned by the U.S. Government and in the
  possession of
• The US Government
• A contractor of the U.S. Government
• subcontractor at any tier
• Supplies for the use of the U.S. Government that
  are contracted for, and require subsequent
  delivery to a U.S. Government activity but are
  not owned by the U.S. Government at time of
  shipment
• Supplies not owned by the U.S. Government at the
  time of shipment that are to be transported for
  distribution to foreign assistance programs, but
  only if these supplies are not acquired or
  contracted for with local currency funds.

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American Flag Requirements Fly America Act

• Fly America (International Air Transportation
  Fair Competitive Practices Act of 1974), 49 USC
  40118, applies to both government passengers and
  cargo to and from the US and between foreign
  points.
• Open skies agreements (i.e., exceptions) with EU,
  Australia, Japan, and Switzerland allow these
  nations carriers to carry USG passengers and
  freight.
• Exceptions
• no US flag carrier can provide needed
  transportation
• Cannot accomplish mission using USG carrier

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International Standard for Phytosanitary
Measures No. 15

• ISPM-15 is the global program requiring all wood
  packing products used in international shipping
  to be heat treated or fumigated with methyl
  bromide and marked accordingly, or face penalties
  for non-compliance.
• Penalties can include seizure of cargo or return
  to origin at the shippers expense.
• NOTE manufactured wood like plywood or OSB is
  exempt from ISPM-15.

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The Shipping Process

• Cargo handled by the U.S. Government falls into
  two main categories Personal Effects and
  General Cargo.
• Personal Effects Household goods and private
  vehicles owned by U.S. government personnel
• General Cargo Supplies and equipment shipped on
  behalf of the United States
• Note Applicability of regulations can be
  commodity driven.

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The Shipping Process

• Acquiring Shipping
• Direct Procurement Method (DPM)
• The Government arranges for the export packing,
  local transportation, ocean shipment, and other
  services involved in the shipment to destination
  port or post. Each of these individual segments,
  or services, are typically ordered and paid for
  separately.
• International Through Government Bill of Lading
  (ITGBL)
• A complete origin to destination package of
  services for a door-to-door shipment wherein all
  services (e.g., pack-out, pick-up, transport,
  delivery out, unpacking, etc.) are bundled
  together, using one forwarder to perform all
  services and generally paid on one billing
  document.

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Best Places to Find Country Specific Information

• 1. Contact the local Embassy
• www.state.gov
• 2. Contact your preferred freight forwarder and
  ask for assistance

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If you need Help

• US Department of State Transportation Resources
• http//www.state.gov/m/a/c8018.htm
• or
• Email  TransportationQuery_at_state.gov
• Please put in the subject line International
  Shipping Assistance

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Transportation Terminology

• Transportation terminology is often confusing to
  those outside the industry. Following are some
  of the commonly used logistics terms used by the
  Department of State (DoS) in shipment management.
  Some terms are universal to the transportation
  industry and some are specific to DoS and other
  foreign affairs agencies. Additionally, the
  Department of Defense has terms specific to their
  logistics requirements.

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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
BOL A Bill of Lading is the contractual document by which services are requested by DoS and procured from a handler. It is the authorizing document for payment and can be an Ocean bill of Lading, Airway bill, Government bill of lading, Work Order, etc.
Break Bulk Freight (usually manufactured goods) transported in packages. Most embassy supplies are break bulk.
BTA Bioterrorism Act is designed to protect the food and drug supply from terrorist intervention. This act applies to all food, including canned goods, being imported or offered for import into the U.S. for human or animal consumption. This regulation includes any consumables, including medications and alcohol/wine brought into the U.S. in a personal effects shipment.
Bulk Freight that is transported unpackaged and in large volumes in the hull of a ship. USAID and Agriculture arrange for bulk shipments of wheat and corn.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor) A surcharge on freight charges by a carrier to offset foreign currency fluctuations.
Carrier A carrier is a company that operates its owned or leased equipment and issues a bill of lading.
CBP Customs and Border Protection The United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), known as U.S. Customs and Border Protection, is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.S. trade laws. Its other primary mission is preventing terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States.
CNS Consumables are an entitlement in an employees TA which authorizes a shipment of grocery items to augment local market products for specifically designated posts. CNS are available from various U.S. sources or overseas.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Container Ships Cargo ships that carry break bulk loads in truck-size intermodal containers.
CRP Consolidated Receiving Point (CRP) Refers to a warehouse where freight is received from multiple suppliers, consolidated into containers or trailers, and then shipped to another point.
CRP Receipt Notification A system generated e-mail message that a supply item has been received at the CRP. Posts should use this as notification of receipt of cargo by the U.S. Government and make payment to the vendor in order to comply with Prompt Payment Act requirements.
Cubic Feet or CUF The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Demurrage A separate freight charge, in addition to ordinary shipping costs, which is imposed according to the terms of a carriage contract upon the person responsible for unreasonable delays in loading or unloading cargo. It is a penalty for exceeding free time (usually 72 hours) allowed for taking delivery of a shipment from the shipping or transporting company for delay in loading or unloading of a shipping vessel or for undue detention (usually over 48 hours) of the transportation equipment. This is also called a detention charge.
Destination This is the local agent for a door-to-door (ITGBL) shipment and the one that provides the receipt and delivery-out functions at the gaining or destination location.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Dimensional weight Dimensional weight calculates the volumetric weight for packages. Freight carriers utilize the greater of the actual weight or dimensional weight to calculate shipping charges. In the USA, domestic air shipments are calculated as Length times Width times Height in inches, divided by194. This is approximately 8.9 pounds to a cubic foot. For international freight, dimensional weight is calculated as Length times Width times Height in inches, divided by 166. This is approximately 10.4 pounds to a cubic foot
DOT The mission of the Department of Transportation (DOT) is to develop and coordinate policies that will provide an efficient and economical national transportation system, with due regard for need, the environment, and the national defense. The Department of Transportation includes the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Maritime Administration, the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the Research and Innovative Technologies Administration, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, and the Surface Transportation Board.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
DPM Direct Procurement Method is the movement of cargo from origin to destination where each leg of the process (e.g., pack-out, pick-up, transport, delivery out, unpacking, etc.) is managed individually (e.g., the non-ITGBL method of shipping by a DA or post) and the billing for services provided is done separately for each vendor/handler in a specific leg.
DPM Liability DPM liability through DoS under the Military Personnel and Civilian Employees Claims Act of 1964, as amended. The maximum recovery allowed in most cases is the depreciated value, based on acquisition cost, of the lost or damaged item.
DTW Door-to-warehouse is a move wherein the origin services include pre-move survey, pack-out, and shipment via a forwarder to an intermediate warehouse point (usually a DA location) where the shipment is held pending a call forward to destination post. The use of this mode is dependent on the costs involved and shipping requirements. It could be used with either an ITGBL or a DPM move.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Dunnage is the preparation of a product or commodity for proper storage and/or transportation. It may entail blocking, bracing, cushioning, marking, sealing, strapping, weather proofing, wrapping, etc.
Enroute Notification is a computer generated notification sent for each shipment as soon as the shipping details (e.g. Sail date, voyage, bill of lading number) are known. These messages are "one way" communications to the post to advise that the shipment is on its way. Typically, posts use this information to prepare customs clearance documentation and arrange for final delivery.
Export Packing For our purposes, export packing usually means the freight is packed in wooden boxes and banded.
FDA Food and Drug Administration The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for the safety regulation of most types of foods, dietary supplements, drugs, vaccines, biological medical products, blood products, medical devices, radiation-emitting devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
FEU means forty foot equivalent units, or the amount of freight that would normally fit into a 40 sea container. Carriers often describe the size of their container ships by the capacity of TEUs or FEUs.
Flat Rack Type of equipment that allows for odd or over sized freight to be stacked on conventional sea containers aboard a container vessel.
Freight Forwarder A company that arranges to pack, store, or move shipments using a carrier or NVOCC. Freight forwarders may or may not issue their own bill of lading, called a house bill.
FUR Shipment type furniture and is used to describe shipments of residential or office furniture procured through DoS contracts.
General Average If circumstances during a voyage causes the crew to jettison cargo or if the ship is damaged in some way (e.g. a fire) then all the customers who have freight aboard that ship must pay a portion of the loss based on the amount of cargo they have aboard that ship.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
General Order If U.S. Customs seizes a shipment at the air or sea port because it has exceeded the free time (time freight can sit at a port without accruing storage charges), the shipment is turned over to a bonded storage company and held until it is cleared. The bonded company usually charges a steep storage rate, so you dont want your shipments going into General Order.
Gross Weight This is the weight obtained by adding to the shipment net weight the weight of lift vans, outside shipping containers, and the weight of dunnage or bracing material used to secure articles in such vans or containers.
Harmonized Tariff This is a U.S. Customs reference that describes items and the amount of duty that must be paid to import them into the United States.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
HAZ MAT (hazardous or dangerous goods) A dangerous good is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. An equivalent term, used almost exclusively in the United States, is hazardous material (hazmat). Dangerous goods may be radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, bio-hazardous, an oxidizer, an asphyxiate, a pathogen, an allergen, or may have other characteristics that render it hazardous in specific circumstances.
HHE Household Effects, also synonymous with Personal Effects (PE).
Hidden Damage When the contents of a shipment are damaged, but there is no indication of damage or rough treatment on the outside of the container, we call it hidden damage. Hidden damage is almost always a result of poor packing or poor bracing of the contents in a container or trailer.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
High Cube Container Usually refers to a 40 sea container that has a height greater than standard containers and therefore holds more cube than a standard container. Realistically 2,000 CUFT can be loaded into a 40 and probably 2,200 into a high cube. High cubes are often used for shipments when the freight exceeds the capacity of the 40 and using a high cube will be less expensive than using a separate 20 container to meet the need.
Inducement When a customer has a large volume of freight going to a port where a particular ocean carrier does not normally call, and the carrier agrees to call that port based on the revenue received from the decision.
ISPM-15 International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 is the global program requiring all wood packing or bracing products to be heat treated or fumigated with methyl bromide and marked accordingly when moved across international boundaries. Penalties apply for non-compliance. Manufactured wood like plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) are exempt.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
ITGBL International Through Government Bill of Lading is the term for a door-to-door shipment wherein all services of pre-move survey, pack-out, pick-up, transport, delivery out, unpacking, etc. are bundled together, using one forwarder to perform all services and generally billed on one paying document.
ITGBL Liability replacement for losses or damage up to the maximum liability of 8.50 times the net weight of the shipment up to shipment weight maximums.
JIT (Just in time) A term to describe getting an item to a destination exactly when it is needed, thus eliminating the need for inventory and storage.
Land Bridge (also referred to as mini land bride) means transportation from one seaport to another by railway across continents instead of by ocean ship. The rail mode is considered an extension of the ships voyage over in land instead of on water.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
LAY A layette shipment consists of clothing, blankets, crib, baby chair, playpen, car seat, etc., directly related to the care and feeding of a child. Foodstuffs, with the exception of milk, formula, and commercial baby food, may not be shipped under this provision.
Letter of Agreement (LOA) Similar to a tender of service, except on a far smaller scale, and usually for a very short period of time.
Light Load A cost effective load for a standard 20 sea container may be anywhere between 800 to 1000 cuft. When the freight being containerized is less than 800 cuft, we refer to it as a light load. Since most containers are priced on a flat rate, the more freight we can get into a container, the lower the cost per cube or pound. Light loads may be used when small amounts of freight have accumulated for longer than 30 days. Light loads differ from LCL (less than container load) shipments because LCL shipments are export packed and usually not containerized.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
MARAD The Maritime Administration (MARAD) is the agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation dealing with waterborne transportation. The Maritime Administration works in many areas involving ships and shipping, shipbuilding, port operations, vessel operations, national security, environment, and safety. For shippers like DoS, MARAD monitors use of American Flag vessels for shipping in accordance with Section 901 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 travel and transportation of effects shall be on ships registered under the laws of the U.S. where such ships are available, unless the necessity of the mission requires the use of a ship under a foreign flag.
Mode indicates if the shipment is going by air, sea, rail, or truck. Surface may also be referred to as a mode. When more than one mode is used (e.g. truck and ship), the shipment is referred to as intermodal.
Net Weight This weight is a total of actual effects plus cartons, barrels, fiber drums, crates and boxes, as well the necessary wrapping and cushioning material, used to pack small or fragile articles for shipment or storages.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
NVOCC (Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier) This type of company does not lease or own its own equipment, but uses the equipment of a carrier. The NVOCC issues its own bill of lading, often called a house bill. NVOCCs (or NVOs as they are often called) will consolidate the shipments of multiple customers into a sea container and then pass back part of the container discount to the customer. If you have a shipment that is less than a container load (LCL), this method can save you money over the LCL cost or light load cost.
OFV Shipment type Official Vehicle and designates a government owned vehicle as a supply shipment to destination.
ORIGIN AGENT This is the local agent for an ITGBL forwarder and the one that provides the pre-move survey and pack out functions from the losing post/location.
OTO One-Time-Only is a shipment movement with a specifically negotiated cost, generally done on a case-by-case basis because negotiated rates do not exist.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Panamax A term used to describe the size of ship that will fit through the Panama Canal.
PBO Packed by Owner is not allowed either for ITGBL or DPM effects shipments because of the liability involved.
PE Personal Effects is the general term to describe an employees personal possessions which may include UAB, HHE, CNS, LAY, or POV. Also know as household effects (HHE).
POC Point-of-Contact is a designated person or entity to be contacted in reference to a problem or issue.
POV Privately Owned Vehicle is the vehicle owned by an employee which is authorized by a Travel Order for shipment at USG expense. Only one vehicle is authorized for shipment at government expense per 14FAM.
Project Rate A project rate is similar to a service agreement except it usually involves lower volumes of freight over a shorter period of time and requires only an estimated or projected number of containers without a contractual guaranteed minimum.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
RDD Required Delivery Date is the date or transit days by which a forwarder must move a shipment from origin to destination without incurring a monetary penalty.
Ready to Ship Notification This is a computer generated e-mail message that informs posts that supplies have been consolidated or a shipment of personal effects and/or supplies has is preparing to ship at the earliest practical moment. No action is required on the post's part for the shipment to occur.
Reefer Term used to describe a container that is refrigerated. The refrigeration unit protrudes into the freight area of the container, lessening the cargo capacity. Because of that restriction, these can sometimes be used for light loads of dry cargo for less money than using a standard dry container.
Ro-Ro Vessel (Roll on, Roll off) This is a ship that is built like a large parking garage. Trucks literally drive the freight onto the ship. Ro Ro vessels are very flexible for loading and unloading cargo, and are especially useful for oversized cargo and vehicles.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
Routing The path freight takes from the point of origin to the destination.
SDN (Specially Designated Nationals) A list of persons and companies that the U.S. Government is forbidden to use for transportation. The list is maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).
Service Agreement agreement or Contract If a 3PL agrees to ship a large number of containers per year with a carrier, the carrier will provide a discounted rate to the 3PL. The 3PL then passes part of that discount to the customer.
SIT Storage-in-Transit is temporary storage initiated by a forwarder during a shipment move. SIT may occur at any point in a move and is billed as a separate item from other move costs.
Slot Charter When a carrier charters part of a ship belonging to another carrier, its called a slot charter. Slot charters predated code-share flights in the aviation industry, but just like with code shares, if an American carrier charters part of the foreign vessel, that freight is considered to be on an American flag carrier for purposes of complying with the American Flag laws.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
SOW Statement of Work is the packing and shipping requirements of a tender of service (TOS) or contract. The forwarder must meet these terms and conditions in order to be in compliance with the Tender/contract and receive payment for services rendered.
Tender of Service (TOS) A rate and service agreement under 41 CFR for the purchase of transportation services. The agreement does not become a contract until a government bill of lading or other paying document is issued to move a shipment. Most tenders are re-competed every 6 months or every year, depending on the circumstances.
TEU means twenty foot equivalent units, or the amount of freight that would normally fit into a 20 sea container. Carriers often describe the size of their container ships by the capacity of TEUs or FEUs.
Through Bill of Lading Usually referred to as a Thru Bill. When a shipment is paid all the way to the inland destination city, we say that it is on a thru bill.
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Transportation Terminology Transportation Terminology
TSP Transportation Service Provider which is the general term to describe the commercial entity providing requested logistics services.
WTD Warehouse-to-door is an export packed shipment that a forwarder/handler receives from a warehouse facility and transports to a residence for delivery and unpacking.
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INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LESSON REVIEW

• All USG cargo for DoS, DOD, and other
  civil/foreign affairs agencies is handled
  identically, using the same rules and
  regulations?
• True or False
• What percentage of USG supplies must move on US
  flag carriers?
• 100
• 37.2
• 50
• 75

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INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LESSON REVIEW

• What statistics do agencies have to report to
  MARAD?
• What is the hierarchical order for the following
  laws or regulations?
• Code of Federal Regulations Transportation
  Management 41 CFR
• Public Law 88-205
• Agency Specific Regulations
• United States Code
• Are there any USG established freight forwarders?
  If so, who?