Fats and Oils

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Fats and Oils
Triglycerides Esters of glycerol with fatty
acids
Fats are solids at room temperature Oils are
liquids at room temperature
These biomolecules are comprised solely of
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. They make up 40 of
the calories in the average diet.
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Fats (solid triglycerides) and an oil (a liquid
triglyceride)
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Fatty Acids
General Fatty Acid Structure
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• Saturated Fats
• Contain no CC double bonds
• Generally are solids or semisolids at room temp
• Animal fat is a major source
• Should not make up more than 30 of your total
  fat intake per day

• Unsaturated Fats
• Contain one or more CC double bonds
• Generally are liquids at room temp
• Vegetable oils are major source

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Fatty Acid
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Micelle Formation
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Fatty Acids
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Fatty Acids
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Fatty Acids
Molecular factors affecting Melting Points
Molecular Weight
Myristic Acid 58 oC Palmitic Acid 63
oC Stearic Acid 71 oC
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Fatty Acids
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Fatty Acids

• Degree of unsaturation
• Monounsaturated one CC
• Polyunsaturated 2 or more CC

Oleic Acid 16 oC Linoleic Acid -5
oC Linolenic Acid -11 oC
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Fatty Acids
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Fatty Acids
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Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids
Linoleic Acid and Linolenic Acid
Sources Green leafy vegetables and fish oils
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Triglyceride
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3 Fatty Acids
Triglyceride
Yields a Triglyceride
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Triglyceride
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Triglyceride
Building a triglyceride structure
Lets draw a triglyceride made from palmitic,
stearic and oleic acids.
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Triglyceride
Building a triglyceride structure
Draw backbone
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Triglyceride
Building a triglyceride structure
Put in the correct number of carbons
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Triglyceride
This triglyceride is a fat WHY?
It is comprised of one or less double bonds and
is primarily made from saturated fatty acids.
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Triglyceride
Make another using oleic, linolenic and myristic
acids. Is this triglyceride is a solid or a
liquid at room temp? Is this triglyceride a fat
or an oil?
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Triglyceride
16 Cs 1 CC
16 Cs 3 CC
12 Cs
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Triglyceride
an oil
This Triglyceride is ______________
It contains 4 double bonds therefore it is an
oil at room temp. Oils are liquids at this temp.
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Catalytic Hydrogenation
This is a chemical reaction that decreases the
amount of unsaturation in a fat or oil by the
addition of H2 in the presence of a metal
catalyst.
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Catalytic Hydrogenation
Saturated Fat
Unsaturated fat
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Partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils produces
a mixture of triglycerides that soften and melt
near body temperature
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Steroids
Basic steroid Structure
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Cholesterol
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Cholesterol

• Essential component of cell membranes
• Used as raw material for sex hormones and
  adrenocorticoid hormones
• Used to make bile salts
• High blood levels also associated with heart
  disease, atherosclerosis, arterial plaques

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Cholesterol transported as Lipoprotein complex
(LDL)
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Lipoproteins classified by Density

• HDL High-density Lipoprotein
• LDL Low-density Lipoprotein
• VLDV Very low-density Lipoprotein
• Triglycerides and cholesterol
• Chylomicron
• Mostly triglycerides

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Prostaglandins
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Lipoproteins classified by Density

• HDL High-density Lipoprotein
• LDL Low-density Lipoprotein
• VLDV Very low-density Lipoprotein
• Triglycerides and cholesterol
• Chylomicron
• Mostly triglycerides