Hemorrhagic stroke

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Hemorrhagic stroke
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Alternative names   

• brain bleeding
• brain hemorrhage
• stroke hemorrhagic
• hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease

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Definition

• Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel
  bursts inside the brain.
• 20 of strokes are hemorrhagic

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Types of hemorrhagic stroke

• intracerebral hemorrhage
• subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Worldwide statistics

• WHO 15 million people suffer a stroke each year
• 5 million die
• 5 million permanently disabled.
• high blood pressure contributes to over 12.7
  million strokes worldwide
• Europe approximately 650,000 stroke deaths each
  year
• risk of stroke in blacks almost twice that of
  whites
• in developed countries incidence of stroke
  declining due to efforts to lower blood pressure
  and reduce smoking
• overall rate of stroke high due to the aging of
  the population

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Causes

• high blood pressure- hypertension (ICH)
• trauma
• infections
• tumors
• blood-clotting deficiencies
• abnormalities in blood vessels (arteriovenous
  malformations)
• Aneurysm (SAH)
• accumulation of amyloid
• drugs - cocaine

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Warning signs and symptoms

• sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
  understanding
• sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
  balance or coordination
• sudden severe headache with no known cause
• sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg,
  especially on one side of the body

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Think FAST
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Exams and tests

• neurologic exam
• CT scan
• MRI
• angiography
• CBC
• bleeding time
• prothrombin/partial thromboplastin time(PT/PTT)
• CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) examination

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Treatment

• IMMEDIATE TREATMENT
• SURGERY
• LONG-TERM TREATMENT

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Possible complications

• permanent loss of movement or sensation of a part
  of the body
• joint contractures
• muscle spasticity
• permanent loss of cognitive or other brain
  functions
• disruption of communication, decreased social
  interaction
• decreased ability to function or care for self
• decreased life span
• urinary and respiratory tract infections

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Prevention

• Risk factors
• high blood pressure
• smoking
• cocaine
• alcohol

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Did you know

• turmeric, the active ingredient of the Indian
  curry spice, may help reduce the size of a
  hemorrhagic stroke
• stroke - leading cause of adult disability
• up to 80 of all strokes preventable
• every 45 seconds someone suffers a stroke
• every three minutes someone dies from a stroke
• more women than men die from stroke
• third most common cause of death globally
• (Which are first two?)
• Almost half of the people with a subarachnoid
  hemorrhage die before reaching the hospital.

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References

• www.strokecenter.org
• www.nlm.nih.gov
• www.emedicine.medscape.com
• www.mayoclinic.org