Video 101

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(No Transcript)
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Video 101

• From Chris at Sony

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Video 101

• Chris Soltesz
• SSE-DS
• Sony Electronics, Dallas
• 972-915-3200

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Video 101 Itinerary

• Introduction
• Signal Acquisition
• Video Signals
• Recording and Playback
• Video Formats
• Display
• Editing
• Transmission/Distribution
• Conclusion

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Video 101 Introduction

• It has been my experience that the dissemination
  of a little knowledge will achieve one of two
  possible outcomes. It will either prompt the
  person learning to gather even more information
  on the subject, or give them a sense of false
  security and make them a very dangerous source of
  misinformation.

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Video 101 Introduction

• Uses of Video
• Communication of ideas and opinions
• Tell stories (dramatic or comedic)
• Archival of historic events (News)
• Sell and market products
• Educational uses
• Public information
• Etc.

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Video 101 Introduction
Live or Tape Delayed Broadcast
Camera
Lens
Television Receiver
Transmitter
Video Recorder
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Video 101 Introduction

• Camera Lens
• Focuses light onto imager in Camera
• Camera
• Translates light information into electrical
  signal
• Video Recorder
• Records and plays back electrical signal
• Transmitter
• Turns electrical signal into RF signal
• Television Receiver
• Translates RF signal into Video Image Display

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Video 101 Acquisition

• Cameras
• Analog
• Tube Cameras
• CCD
• Single or Multi-Imager
• Digital (DSP)

• Camera Types
• Studio
• EFP
• ENG
• Image Capture

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Video 101 Cameras

• Analog tube and CCD cameras
• Early cameras used Vacuum Tube Imagers that
  translated the optical image focused on the
  photosensitive surface of the tube into an
  electrical signal. Image orthicons, saticons,
  vidicons and plumbicons were all types of imagers
  that were used. Starting in the late 1980s,
  charge coupled devices or CCDs replaced vacuum
  tubes.

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Video 101 Cameras

• Single or multi-imager cameras
• Cameras come in two flavors. One uses a single
  pickup device and a optical filter to divide the
  light into red, green and blue to capture the
  different electrical signals from the three color
  channels. This type is known as a single CCD (or
  one chip) camera.
• The second uses three separate imagers and a
  prism to separate the light and capture the
  corresponding channel. This type is now known as
  a 3CCD (or three chip) camera.

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Video 101 Cameras

• Digital (DSP) Cameras
• Digital cameras maintain higher image quality by
  processing the signals digitally. The use of
  Digital Signal Processing allows complex signal
  manipulation that would not be possible in an
  analog design. This gives the operator greater
  creative control over the image he or she is
  trying to capture. An example of DSP is the Skin
  Tone Detail, TrueEye or DynaLatitude functions in
  the Sony DSR-500WSL.

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Video 101 Cameras

• Camera types
• Studio Cameras are meant to be kept in the
  studio. This traditionally would be a large, high
  performance broadcast camera with a lens
  specifically designed for close up work.
• EFP stands for Electrical Field Production. This
  camera would have the same performance
  characteristics as the previous type, but may be
  of a more portable Camcorder design.

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Video 101 Cameras

• ENG stands for Electronic News Gathering. This
  type of camera was developed for the rough and
  tumble Broadcast News industry. It has a robust,
  Camcorder design and is meant to operate under
  all types of weather and lighting conditions.
• Image Capture cameras do just that and only that.
  This type of camera is used in Security, Image
  Magnification, Copy Stand, Industrial, Medical,
  Remote Control, and Educational use to name just
  a few.

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Video 101 Video Signals

• Analog Signal Transmission
• Composite
• YC or S. Video
• Component
• Digital Signal Transmission
• Digital Composite
• Digital Component
• Compressed Digital Component

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Video 101 Analog Signals

• Composite Video
• Combination of Synchronizing signals and Video
  Luminance and Chrominance information. Signal
  transported all at once, all down one cable. Also
  known as VBS or Video, Black and Sync. Signals
  can be sent up to 100down a coaxial cable
  without amplification or EQ, depending on the
  quality of the cable. Consists of one 6Mhz signal.

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Video 101 Analog Signals

• Y/C or S. Video
• Signal broken up into two pieces Synchronizing
  signals and Video Luminance information, and
  Video Chrominance information. Signals are
  transported at the same time down two wires (of
  exact equal length to keep the signals in time).
  Signals can be sent up to 100 without
  amplification or EQ, depending on the quality of
  the cable. Consists of one 5.5Mhz and one 3.58Mhz
  signal.

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Video 101 Analog Signals

• Component Video
• Signal broken up into at least three parts. Known
  as RGBS, RGB, YUV(R-Y, Y, B-Y).
• RGBS is individual Red, Blue and Green video
  information and an additional Synchronizing
  signal. Signals are transported at the same time
  down four wires (of exact equal length). Signals
  can be sent up to 100 without amplification or
  EQ, depending on the quality of the cable.
  Consists of four 6Mhz signals.

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Video 101 Analog Signals

• Component Video
• RGB is the same as RGBS with the Sync information
  added to the Green Channel. Signals are
  transported at the same time down three wires (of
  exact equal length). Signals can be sent up to
  100 without amplification or EQ, depending on
  the quality of the cable. Consists of three 6Mhz
  signals.

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Video 101 Analog Signals

• Component Video
• YUV (also known as R-Y, Y, B-Y). Y is Luminance
  video and Sync information, R-Y is Red video
  information minus Luminance, and B-y is Blue
  video information minus Luminance. Signals are
  transported at the same time down three wires.
  Since the Red and Blue Chroma information can be
  derived mathematically, this method takes up less
  bandwidth, and also the timing of the signals is
  less critical. Consists of one 6Mhz Luminance
  signal, and two 3.5Mhz Color difference signals.

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Video 101 Digital Signals

• Composite Digital (SMPTE-244M, SMPTE 259M)
• Composite Signal information digitized into an 8
  or 10 bit, 143Mhz signal. Can be distributed in
  both Parallel and Serial forms. In serial
  transmission, all information is sent down one
  coaxial cable and can be sent up to 300 meters
  without amplification. In parallel transmission,
  the information is broken up into 25 different
  individual signals that can be sent up to 150
  feet.

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Video 101 Digital Signals

• Component Digital (SDI, CCIR-601, SMPTE 244M,
  SMPTE 259M)
• Also known as 422 digital. Component R-Y, Y,
  B-Y information digitized in either an 8 or 10
  bit 270Mhz signal. Can be sent by parallel or
  serial transmission, with the same transport
  specifications as composite digital. Also can
  carry embedded digital audio.

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Video 101 Digital Signals

• Compressed Component Digital (SDTI, SMPTE 305M)
• Component digital information (R-Y, Y, B-Y)
  distributed in its compressed form. Can also
  carry the compressed digital audio, and machine
  control embedded into the signal. Serial
  interface only. Signals can be distributed up to
  300m down a single coaxial cable.

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Video 101 Digital Signals

• Compressed Component Digital
• SDTI, SMPTE 305M (Continued)
• There are four sub-types of compressed signals
  that are under this standard. They are
• SX Native Stream (SDDI)
• DVCAM Native Stream (QSDI)
• DVCPRO Native Stream (CSDI)
• SDTI-CP (MPEG-_at_ Native Stream _at_ 30, 40 or 50
  MBPS)
• Of these, only SDTI-CP is an open interface (
  i.e. Not Proprietary)

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Video 101 Digital Signals

• Compressed Component Digital (IEEE-1394, i.Link,
  Firewire)
• Component digital information (R-Y, Y, B-Y)
  distributed in its compressed form. Also carries
  the compressed digital audio, time code
  information and machine control embedded into the
  signal. The signal is a serial interface that is
  sent down a single multi-conductor cable no more
  than 16 in length.

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Video 101Recording and Playback

• Video Tape Recorders (VTRs)
• Video Cassette Recorders (VCRs)
• Digital Disk Recorders (DDRs)
• Virtual Recorders
• Servers
• Hybrids

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Video 101Recording and Playback

• All of these devices should do the same thing.
  There purpose is to record the incoming signal
  and duplicate it as closely as possible upon
  playback.
• The VTR and VCR are slightly different in their
  design. One uses open reels, while one uses a
  cassette to hold and store the tape.
• DDRs record their information onto a Magnetic
  disk instead of Magnetic tape.

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Video 101Recording and Playback

• Virtual Recorders are DDRs with a VCR user
  interface (a jog shuttle knob, edit buttons,
  etc.).
• Servers store information and allow multiple
  playback streams, even while recording.
• Hybrids are units that have multiple functions,
  like a VCR and DDR combination. This allows them
  to edit to and from either the VCR part or the
  DDR part internally, all in one unit.

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Video 101 Formats

• A Format is a standardized method of recording
  and playing back the information off the tape.
  The format ensures that tapes recorded by one
  machine will be able to be played back
  successfully in other tape machines of the same
  format type. Various organizations (like SMPTE
  and IEEE) govern format rights to electronics
  manufacturers.

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Video 101 Formats

• Analog Formats
• 2 Quadruplex
• 1 Type C
• 3/4 Umatic
• Umatic SP
• Beta (1/2)
• Beta SP (1/2)

• MI (1/2)
• MII (1/2)
• VHS (1/2)
• SVHS (1/2)
• 8MM, Hi8

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Video 101 Formats

• Digital Formats
• D-2 (3/4)
• D-1 (3/4)
• Digital Beta(1/2)
• Beta SX (1/2)
• DV (1/4)
• DVCAM (1/4)
• DVCPRO (1/4)

• DVCPRO-50 (1/4)
• DVCPRO-HD (1/4)
• Digital S (1/2)
• D-5 (1/2)
• HDCAM (1/2)
• MPEG-IMX (1/2)
• etc.

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Video 101 Formats

• Composite based Formats
• Quad, 1,3/4, VHS, SVHS, 8mm, Hi8
• D-2, D-3
• Component based Formats
• Beta, BetaSP, MII, D-1, DigiBeta, BetaSX
• D-5, Consumer DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO, Digital S
• MPEG-IMX, HDCAM

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Video 101Display

• Display video signal transmission accurately for
  viewing or critical signal evaluation or edit
  decision making (i.e. creative content).
• Monitor/Receiver (traditional CRT design)
• Can be color or BW
• Projector (CRT or LCD)
• Depends on audience size, room lighting etc.
• Plasma Flat Panel Device

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Video 101 Editing

• Editing is the actual piecing together of the
  recorded video. This is when the project has
  graphics, effects and titles added in to help
  finish the production.There are two types of
  editing.
• Linear Editing
• Non Linear Editing

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Video 101 Editing

• Linear Editing
• Traditional method of editing starting at the
  beginning and working until the end
• Machine based, multi- source, multi-format
  editing
• Can start editing right away with no upload or
  download time
• Digital effects are done in real time
• Walk out with your Master tape

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Video 101 Editing

• Non Linear Editing
• Disk based, so can cut and paste like a word
  processor for video
• Dont have to start at the beginning
• Can have multiple versions of the same program,
  spot, promo, etc.
• Can have more creative control
• Effects may need to be rendered
• Must first upload material before editing begins
• Then download to master tape when finished

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Video 101Transmission and Distribution

• Transmission Systems
• Terrestrial Broadcast
• Satellite Broadcast
• Land Based (or Cable) Broadcast
• Distribution Systems
• Mass Duplication

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Video 101Transmission and Distribution

• Transmission Systems
• Terrestrial Broadcast is the RF broadcast of the
  television signal into our homes
• Satellite Broadcast is the RF broadcast from
  satellites down to the receivers in our homes
• Land Based (or Cable) Broadcast is the RF
  distribution from the cable Head End through a
  network of cables and amplifiers into our homes

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Video 101 Transmission and Duplication

• Duplication
• Sprinters
• Real Time (Machine based)
• Faster than real time (Machine based)

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Video 101 Conclusion

• Questions???

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Video 101 Conclusion

• Thanks!!!