THE RIPPLE EFFECT OF FISHERY PRACTICES

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• THE RIPPLE EFFECT OF FISHERY PRACTICES
• Leonard Sonnenschein
• Chair, World Ocean Network Concrete Conservation
  Actions Committee
• May 10, 2005

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Concrete Research
Fishery Practices
Coral Reef Sanctuaries
Conservation Practices
Aquaculture Practices
Hydrologic Solution
Farming Practices
Climatology Forecast
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Declining world fish stocks result of our
collective failure, says Canadas Fisheries
Minister.IntraFish 2005
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Stock Recovery

• DEPLETED STOCKS RECOVERY A CHALLENGING NECESSITY
• THE ISSUE
• During the eighteenth and nineteenth century,
  thinkers such as Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and
  Thomas Huxley assumed that the size of the oceans
  and the high fecundity of commercially exploited
  fish and shellfish meant that, under the
  conditions prevailing at that time, the risk of
  extinction of fishery resources was low. These
  scientists overestimated the oceans resilience
  to fishing and underestimated both the future
  demand and the potential progress in fishing
  efficiency. However, the fact that local natural
  renewable resources could be depleted through
  wasteful competition and lack of ownership has
  been known literally for centuries, and by the
  end of the 1960s the tragedy of the commons was
  already common knowledge.

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Oceanics Conference Outline

• The Europe, Africa, Middle East, Russian
  Federation, Iceland and Greenland RCM was held in
  Lisbon associated with the OCEANICS Symposium.  A
  wide variety of participants including science
  communicators, policymakers and managers, NGOs
  and civil society, scientists and researchers,
  media, corporate business and educators attended.
  The workshops assessed the actions already
  completed, under way and to adapt them on a
  regional level and to put forward proposals
  for the 3rd International Meeting. The theme of
  was how to foster European public sustainable
  behavior regarding the ocean.
• The second of the series of regional workshops
  that the World Ocean Network plans to participate
  in 2005. This program will be entitled European
  Workshop on Sustainable Seafood Consumption
  Programme Eating Fish Sensibly. This
  discussion will establish a framework for
  defining a communication strategy, drafting an
  action plan in Europe and planning activities for
  the campaign.

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Science, Society and Fishery

• A regional coordinated meeting (RCM ) was called
  in Ahmedabad, India in association with the
  Education for a Sustainable Future International
  Conference representing the fisheries communities
  which were hard-hit by the tsunami as well as
  other fisheries communities within the India, Sri
  Lanka and other Indian Ocean areas summary
  findings
• Coral reefs and mangroves provide fisheries
  protection
• Reduction in coastal development decreases
  runoff, aiding in fisheries productivity and
  aquaculture product quality
• Fisheries communities need to be assessed for
  educational opportunities toward public awareness
  to engage people to create better environmental
  conditions

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European Regional Coordination Meeting Example

• Zone 1 Europe including Iceland and Greenland
• Zone 2 Caspian Sea countries including Iran
• Zone 3 South America
• Zone 4 North America
• Zone 5 South Asia India, Sri Lanka and the
  Maldives
• Zone 6 Southeast Asia Australia, New Zealand,
  Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia
• Zone 7 Africa and the Middle East
• Zone 8 Asia Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China
  (PRC)
• Day 1 Scientific assessments and Regional policy
  issues
• Keynote Addresses from
• WON Host
• Scientists and Academics
• Government
• Intergovernmental Organizations such as IOC,
  FAO, UN, Unesco
• Industry
• Day 2 Science meets the Public
• Steering Committee Members
• Key participants from Day 1

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Factors Contributing to Unsustainability

• Inappropriate incentives
• High demand for limited resources
• Poverty and lack of alternatives
• Complexity and inadequate knowledge
• Lack of governance
• Interactions of the fishery sector with other
  sectors and the environment
• Rights
• Transparent, participatory management
• Support to science, planning and enforcement
• Benefit distribution
• Integrated Policy
• Precautionary approach
• Capacity building and public awareness raising
• Market incentives
• The End of the Line How Overfishing is Changing
  the World
• and What We Eat
• by Charles Clover, 2004

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Factors Contributing to Unsustainability
(continued)

• Water sewage treatment
• 65,000 chemicals
• Medical waste
• Plastic foam, plastic utensils, pieces of glass
  and cigarette butts
• ghost nets
• Air pollution
• One gram of nitrogen requires 15 grams of oxygen
  to decompose One gram of phosphorus will deplete
  one hundred grams of oxygen
• Mississippi River drains in a 4,000 square mile
  bottom area
• Poisonous algae, cholera and countless plants and
  animals have invaded
• Coral, and by commercial harvesting for sale to
  tourists
• Cruise ship anchor dropped
• Nile Rivers nutrient rich silt
• Overfishing
• Discard up to 20 billion pounds of non-target
  fish each year twice the catch
• Construction in coastal areas
• Use one-third of the worlds processed mineral
  resources about one-fourth of the worlds
  non-renewable energy sources
• Smithsonian Ocean Planet Exhibition

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Current Aquaculture Affects the Ocean Fishery
Best Practice Model
Fish House - Ships Agent
Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Habits
Gilnet/Longline/Aquaculture
Poor/Good
Information Card
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Issues Answers

• Qualitative Ocean and Coastal Farms
• Quantitative Nutrient Loads
• Introduced Species
• Ocean Current Changes
• Fish Meal and Fish Oil
• Feed Lot Productivity
• Biodegradability of Feed
• Micronutrients in Feed as Pollutants (vitamins
  and minerals)

• Field Residues from Aquaculture
• Net Disturbance to Benthic Ecology
• Nitrate Accumulation
• U.S. Organic Standards
• Protection of Coastal Zones
• Establishment of Marine Protected Areas
• Improved Productivity by Cycling Use Areas

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World Ocean Network Concrete Field Action
Committee Members
AmbienteNews
RENACE
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Social Actors and Targets

• Public Aquariums and Zoos
• Conservation Organizations
• Museums and Science Centers
• Government

• Consumers and Youths Moms and Kids
• Fishermen Organizations
• Fish Suppliers/ Processors
• Food Sellers, including restaurants, food service
  and retailers

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Cartoon
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World Ocean Network Stakeholders Recommendation

• Eco-friendly advisories linked to Statewide
  Contamination Advisories
• Promotion of benefits of eating fish safely
• Sustainable Seafood consumption yields ecological
  benefits
• Where to get more information
• Distribution of Wallet Cards in Fish Markets and
  Supermarkets

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2004 Goals of the Concrete Field Actions
Committee

• Encouraging personal, non-polluting,
  non-endangering activities, through Passport
  Committee.
• Supporting institutions in their applied research
  and conservation activities.
• Supporting and initiating legislative actions for
  governmental protection and preservation
  campaigns.
• Promote ecosystem and fishery management
  conservation
• Promote sustainable use and management of
  riverine and aquarium fisheries (like the Marine
  Aquarium Council activities and Marine
  Stewardship Council)
• Promote better practices and organic standards
  and documentation for the seafood industry
• Promote the change in formulation in aquaculture
  and livestock feed, to lessen the need of fish
  oil and fish meal to decrease demand for drift
  net fisheries and decrease nitrogen effluent
  downstream and oceanic effects.

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THANK YOU!