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Artificial
Hip Joints
Hassanain Ali
M.Sc. in Medical Engineering
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Hip Joint
is one of the most joints in the Human Body.
It connects the trunk to the lower limbs and it
is capable of
support the entire weight of the body and
transfer this weight in
stable condition during different modes of
movement in many directions.
Hip Joint
is a multi axial ball and socket synovial joint.
This property will allow free degrees of movement
in all
the three planes with marked degree of
interlocking.
1) Sagittal Plane Flexion / Extension.
2) Frontal Plane Abduction / Adduction.
3) Transverse Plane Medial / Lateral Rotation.
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Hip Joint
is one of the major weight bearing joint in the
Human Body.
Following list gives the maximum typical hip
joint forces
multiple of the body weight for different modes
of movement
Standing
0.3
Standing on one Limb
2.6
Normal Walking
4.9
5.1
Down-stairs Climbing
Up-stairs Climbing
5.9
Jogging
7.6
Stumbling
8.7
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(Above) Normal Hips with normal joint spaces.
Osteoarthritis of the right hip (red arrow).
Notice the joint space is thinned because of loss
of cartilage.  The bony margins are white or
sclerotic form bone reaction.  The left hip
(large white hip)  has already been replaced with
a hip prosthesis.
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The basic idea of total hip replacement based on
resurfacing the diseased hip joint through
replacing
it with another one made of synthetic material.
The major design issues of artificial hip joint
are
1) The geometric and material design of the
articulating surfaces.
2) Interface design between the artificial joint
and the surrounding bone.
Typical total artificial hip joints are comprised
of the
same basic parts as the natural hip joint
involved with,
as well as to provide more natural shape and
function.
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It consists of a CUP, a HEAD and a STEM that made
of several
materials selected due to their mechanical
properties and biocompatibilty.
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Design Considerations
Head Size
a configuration and size that fits the anatomical
shape of the femur head.
Neck Length
a length that allows adequate fixation of the
acrylic cement.
Shaft Length and Shape
dimensions that do not exceed narrowest segments
of the shaft.
Stem Tapering Angle
a degree of tapering that facilitates the
long-term fixation.
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The hip joint replacement for human body
is a complex and dynamic field, thus engineers
and orthopedics co-operate to make the
patient's life a normal and painless as possible.
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Total
Artificial
Hip Joints
Hassanain Ali
M.Sc. in Medical Engineering