Title: Genetics
1 Genetics
2Heredity The process in which characteristics or
traits pass from parents to offspring.Think,
Pair, Share some characteristics that you have in
common with either parent
2
3Tracking Down Traits Learning Experience 1
- Review Procedures
- Rule No person may sign the list more than
twice.
4What do you know about DNA?
Where have you heard the term?
What was the context or situation?
5(No Transcript)
6What is DNA?
- The genetic material that carries information
about an organism passed from parent to offspring
- A complete set of instructions necessary to make
and maintain the human body. - A Blueprint of the human body
7Why is DNA Interesting?
- DNA is a nonliving molecule.
- There are 6 feet of it in every cell.
- The human body can have as many as ten thousand
trillion cells, and almost every one of them has
6 feet of densely compacted DNA. - DNA is unique for every individual
- DNA controls all the activities in the cell from
the nucleus. - DNA is a nonreactive chemically inert molecule
8DNA and Crime Solving
- Because DNA is a nonliving, nonreactive chemical
molecule - It can be recovered from mummies over 2000 years
old. - Long-dried blood in murder investigations
- Ancient bones
9Where is DNA?
Cell
Nucleus the Control Center
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of DNA
10Where is DNA?
- Draw and label the location of DNA in the cell
- Draw and label the relationship between DNA and
chromosomes.
Make the Chromosome Model
11Each human Cell have 23 pairs of Chromosomes
Mother
Father
12Chromosomes are made of genes
A gene is a section of DNA that controls a trait
( ex. tall /short) that an organism inherits
13A Model of a Chromosome
Gene
- Chromosomes are made up genes.
- A gene is a section of DNA (section of a
chromosome) that controls a trait that an
organism inherits. - If the string of shapes represents a chromosome
what does each individual shape represent?
14Model of a Chromosome
Gene for the Trait Brown Eye color
Gene for Tall Height
Gene for Brown Hair color
Gene for Attached vs Unattached Earlobes
Gene for the Shape of our Fingers
15Humans Chromosomes
What are the dark lines?
16How important are chromosomes?
- Humans need all 46 chromosomes for normal
development and function. - Humans that are missing even one of the 46
chromosomes do not survive. - Humans with more than two copies of a chromosome
will not develop properly.
17Compared to a real human chromosome, what are
the limitations of the model?
Scientific Picture
Chromosome Model
18 Active Learning
- Write a riddle about one or two of the following
terms - DNA, Genes, traits, chromosomes
- Write a Haiku about the importance of DNA
(5-7-5 syllable pattern)
19One Set of Chromosomes
Mother
Father
One set of chromosomes come from the mother and
one set of chromosomes come from the father. The
entire chain of shapes represent a chromosome -
the individual shapes represent genes. The
offspring inherits a pair of genes for each
trait. When the genes are identical the offspring
is called homozgous or purebred for that trait.
When the genes are different, the offspring is
called heterozygous or hybrid for that trait.
Which gene pairs would make a homozygous
offspring ? (similarities) Which genes pairs
would make a heterozygous? (Differences)
20What are the limitations of our model compared
to the scientific model on the right?
Pair of genes
Scientific Picture
Shapes Model
21Model of a Chromosome
Father
Mother
Gene for the trait Brown Eye color
Gene for Brown Eye color
Gene for Tall Height
Gene for Tall Height
What is the mothers phenotype?
Gene for Brown Hair color
Gene for Black Hair color
Gene for the Shape of your Fingers
Gene for the Shape of your Fingers
Gene for Unattached Earlobes
Gene for Attached Earlobes
Phenotype-The physical characteristics/traits you
can observe
22Model of a Chromosome
Father
Mother
Gene for the trait Brown Eye color
Gene for Brown Eye color
BB or Bb
BB or Bb
Gene for Tall Height
Gene for Tall Height
TTor Tt
TTor Tt
Gene for Brown Hair color
Gene for Black Hair color
BB or Bb
BB or Bb
Gene for the Shape of your Fingers
Gene for the Shape of your Fingers
ff
FFor Ff
Gene for Unattached Earlobes
Gene for Attached Earlobes
ee
EE or Ee
Genotype- The two genes that determine an
organism's (offsprings) traits
23Do Your Earlobes Hang Down?Learning Experience 2
- After each trait is described mark a check
under Yes or No in the Me column. - Collect data for each trait from the entire
class. - Graph class data for each trait
24Vocabulary
- Genotype the two genes that determine an
organisms traits - The genotype of a tall plant that has two genes
alleles for tallness is TT
- Phenotype The physical characteristics of an
organism you can observe. - The phenotype of a tall plant is tall, regardless
of the genes it contains
25Transparent Traits Learning Experience 3
This activity models the random selection of a
egg and a sperm in producing the genotype and
phenotype of offspring. Please model using the
overhead prior to the students conducting the
lab.
26Transparent TraitsFormative Assessment Questions
- What do the colored squares represent?
- Why are the genes always removed in pairs?
- Where does the organism acquire its genes?
- If two colored squares are drawn, what was the
organisms genotype? - Is the trait dominant or recessive in this
organism? - What was the phenotype of this organisms?
- If two clear squares were drawn, what was the
organisms genotype? - If one clear and one colored square are drawn,
what was the organisms genotype? - Is the trait dominant or recessive in this
organism? - What was the phenotype of this organism?
27What are the limitations of the model?
Based on what you know about genetics thus far
- Each square represents one gene on one of the 23
chromosomes. - Each gene is not selected individually they
come in packets called ____? - Human traits like eye color and hair color have
multiple alleles they are the results of one
gene from the mother and one gene from the dad.
28Putting it All Together
- Homozygous
- Heterozygous
- Phenotype
- Genotype
- Dominant
- Recessive
29Processing
- Using the dragon simulation as an example
- What was changed in order to change the
appearance of the dragon? - Therefore, a change in the ____ results in a
change in the _____. - Do you have to change the genes on both
chromosomes to change the phenotype? Explain - How is the phenotype affected by the genes being
homozygous or heterozygous? - How many different dragon combinations are
possible?
30Mastering Terms
- Homozygous
- Heterozygous
- Phenotype
- Genotype
- Dominant
- Recessive
- How can students demonstrate their understanding
of these terms?
Term Def. in own words
Picture Example
31Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics
- The Story of Gregor Mendel
- Mendels Experiments http//www.cccoe.net/geneti
cs/mendel.html - Dominant and Recessive Traits http//www.cccoe.net
/genetics/dom_rec.html
- Activities
- Interactive Guide to Mendels Experiments (7th)
- Some Traits are Dominant- Animation/Activity
- http//www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/4/concept/
32- Write a radio commerical to advertise a visit to
your school by Gregor Mendel. The advertisement
should include - Why his research impacts what we know about
genetics. - Something that would spark the interest of the
students to come to the presentation.
33Genes in Action
34The Punnet Square
- Use To Teach the Punnet Square Mendels Punnet
Square http//www.cccoe.net/genetics/punnett.html
- Activity Living Punnet Square
- Example 2. Two heterozygous for fingers Martians
marry and have four kids. How many of their kids
will have three fingers? How many will have two?
Build the living Punnett square and when youre
ready, call for the teacher. - Punnet Squares and Dominant and Reccessive Genes
- http//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/recessive
.html
35Genetic Crosses and Pedigrees
- Biologica Web Lab, Mendels Peas
- http//biologica.concord.org/webtest1/web_labs_men
dels_peas.htm
36Vocabulary
- Natural occurrence is Natural Selection
- Natural selection is the process by which certain
heritable traitsthose that make it more likely
for an organism to survive and successfully
reproduce become more common in a population
over successive generations.
37Extension of Cody and Codette
- Reflect back on Cody and Codettes offspring.
- Which organisms would live to survive and pass on
their genes in this environment? - Which would not?
- Which organisms would be naturally selected to
survive and which would not?
38Cody and Codette
- Reflect back on Cody and Codettes offspring.
After the entire class has completed their
organism and placed them into an environment. - Which organisms would live to survive and pass on
their genes? - Which would not?
39Vocabulary
- Selective breeding
- The method of breeding certain organisms together
that have desirable traits. - The process of manipulating the phenotype of the
offspring.
40Example of Selective Breeding
Hardy can thrive in hot climates, the beef is
not as good
Tender, tasty beef Does not thrive in hot climates
Heat resistant cattle with tender beef
41Selective Breeding - Ancestry
American Bulldog
Bull Mastiff
American Pit Bull Terrier
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
42Selective Breeding
43 Ethics
- Discuss some possible positive outcomes of
- Selective Breeding
- Cloning
- Genetic Engineering
- Discuss some possible negative outcomes of
- Selective Breeding
- Cloning
- Genetic Engineering
44Putting It All Together
- Sponge Bob
- Make an Acrostic from the word Heredity
- Create analogies using the following pairs of
words - Homozygous/heterozygous
- Phenotype/genotype
- Dominant/recessive
45Sexual Reproduction in Action