APA Basics for FSEHS Students

1

APA Basics for FSEHS Students
2
FSEHS Resources

• Format for FSEHS written assignmentshttp//www.f
  gse.nova.edu/oaa/pdf/fsehs_standard_format.pdf
• Use Style Guide for format for FSEHS
  dissertations
• http//www.schoolofed.nova.edu/arc/pdf/sgad.pd
  f
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological
  Association (5th ed.)

3
Hot off the press!

• http//www.nova.edu/library/dils/teachinghandouts/
  APAchanges.htm

4
What Students Need to KnowAbout APA
Title
by Laura Lucio Ramirez CUR 526 24022 Educational
Research for Practitioners
Students NameCourse code and CRN Title of
course
Institution Month day, year
Nova Southeastern University April 1, 2008
5
Title
Students Name
Info on Applied Dissertation
Institution Year
6

• Page s
• 12 pt font
• Times New Roman or Courier
• Double spaced
• Indented
• Left justified
• No bolding
• No underlining
• No bullets

2
APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments
Use double-spacing throughout the paper
including the title page, abstract, body of the
document, reference list, appendixes, tables,
and figure captions.  APA does permit single
spacing within references but double spacing
between references (see Publication Manual, p.
323). Major headings are centered. The
first word of the heading is capitalized as
well as all major words. Articles, short
prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions,
however, are not capitalized (Falcao, 2005).
Other issues also need to be considered.
Students and teachersalike need to pay
attention to using subheadings. For example,

7

• 1 inch margins
• Exception
• 1 ½ inch left margin for dissertation.

2
APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments
Use double-spacing throughout the paper
including the title page, abstract, body of the
document, reference list, appendixes, tables,
and figure captions.  APA does permit single
spacing within references but double spacing
between references. (See p. 326 of the
Publication Manual.) Major headings are
centered. The first word of the heading is
capitalized as well as all major words. Articles,
short prepositions, and coordinating
conjunctions, however, are not capitalized
(Falcao, 2005). Other issues also need to
be considered. Students and teachersalike need
to pay attention to using subheadings. For
example,
8
Headings
Use Level 1 Headings for Title
Level 3 Flush Left, Italicized, Upper andLower
Case Side Heading
APA manual, p. 113
9
APA Headings
2
APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments
Use double-spacing throughout the paper
including the title page, abstract, body of the
document, reference list, appendixes, tables,
and figure captions.  APA does permit single
spacing within references but double spacing
between references. (See p. 326 of the
Publication Manual.) Issues to Consider
Major headings require specific formatting (a)
The first word of the heading is capitalized as
well as all major words (b) articles, short
prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions are
not capitalized and (c) the heading is not
italicized. There are exceptions for
dissertation. Other issues also need to be
considered. Students and teachers need to know
how to use
Issues to Consider
APA manual, p. 113
10
APA Headings
APA headingsshould not be confused with Words
formatting levels.
2
APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments
Use double-spacing throughout the paper
including the title page, abstract, body of the
document, reference list, appendixes, tables,
and figure captions.  APA does permit single
spacing within references but double spacing
between references. (See p. 326 of the
Publication Manual.) Issues to Consider
Major headings require specific formatting (a)
The first word of the heading is capitalized as
well as all major words (b) articles, short
prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions are
not capitalized and (c) the heading is not
italicized. There are exceptions for
dissertation. Other issues also need to be
considered. Students and teachers need to know
how to use
Issues to Consider
APA manual, p. 113
11
Two types of citations - Parenthetical and
Reference
12
Parenthetical text citation The article by
McPherson (2007) raised issues of motivation in
reading.
13
Parenthetical text citation The article by
McPherson (2007) raised issues of motivation in
reading.
Parenthetical text citation with direct quote
McPherson (2007) coined the phrase goblet of
motivation (p. 71).
14
Parenthetical citation in text McPherson
(2007) raised issues of motivation in reading.
Parenthetical citation with direct quote in
text McPherson (2007) coined the phrase
goblet of motivation (p. 71).
Reference citation -- used in reference
list McPherson, K. (2007). Harry Potter and the
goblet of motivation. Teacher
Librarian, 34(4), 71.
15
Parenthetical citation in text McPherson
(2007) raised issues of motivation in reading.
Parenthetical citation with direct quote in
text McPherson (2007) coined the phrase
goblet of motivation (p. 71).
Reference citation -- in reference
list McPherson, K. (2007). Harry Potter and the
goblet of motivation. Teacher
Librarian, 34(4), 71. doi
10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
16
Parenthetical citations in the text are by
author and year of publication
Research confirmed the results of cloning
(Fink, 2007). A couple of experiments
(Eifrig, 1976 Skinner, 1956) found....
The Web site did not support the data (Wienhorst,
n.d.) .

n.d. no date
See APA manual, pp. 207-213.
17
When citing a specific part of a resource or
using a direct quote, provide the page
number victims of cyberterrorism
(Windhorst, 2004, p. 237) .
Krankenstein (2006)
reported that "empirical research verified
compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007)
stated, The findings are not valid (p. 22) but
later maintained that other studies reached
different conclusions.
See APA, pp. 213-214
18

• The theory (Smith, Brown and Jones, 2002)
• or
• The theory (Smith, Brown, Jones, 2002)

?
?

• Two experiments (Riggs, 2002 Barnes, 2007)
  
• or
• Two experiments (Riggs, 2002, Barnes, 2007)
  

• MacDougall (2004, p. 34) stated that the
  Information Literacy Model needed to be
  implemented.
• or
• MacDougall (2004) stated that the Information
  LiteracyModel needed to be implemented (p. 34).
  
• or
• 3. MacDougall (2004) stated that the
  Information LiteracyModule need to be
  implemented. (p. 34)

?
19
APA manual, pp. 117,118,121
Direct quote for less than 40 words
The abstract is a one-paragraph summary or
overview of the paper and should summarize the
essential content of the paper (Tunon, 2008, p.
34).
Block quote (more than 40 words)
Note where the periods go!
Students at Nova Southeastern University
have faced challenges in learning how to use
APA formatting. When discussing the challenges,
Strunk (1922) stated Use quotes around an
article title or book chapter, but italicize the
title of a book, journal, brochure, or
report when used in the body of the paper.  Use a
short title in the parenthetical citation
or complete title if the title is short. NOTE
Non-periodical titles like books and book
titles have all the important words capitalized
in the text citations, but these same book
titles do not have all the important words
capitalized in the reference list. (p.
342) Callahan (2001), however, says .
(NOTE FSEHS uses single space, but APA uses
double spacing.)
20
Paraphrasing
Direct quote

• Signed into law in January 2002 by President
  George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB)
  Act signaled the nations most sweeping education
  reform of federal education policy in decades.
  NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms
  and the presidents attempt to strengthen
  Americas education system (Smith, 2008, p. 212).

APA manual, p. 349
21
Paraphrasing
Direct quote

• Signed into law in January 2002 by President
  George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
  Act signaled the nations most sweeping education
  reform of federal education policy in decades.
  NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms
  and the presidents attempt to strengthen
  Americas education system (Smith, 2008, p. 212).

Paraphrased
When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was
signed into law in January of 2002 by President
Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing
reform in education the United States in decades
and provided a foundation for strengthening
educational policy at the national level for
years to come (Smith, 2008).
APA manual, p. 349
22
Abbreviations
Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) American
Library Association (ALA) Southern Association
of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Fischler School of
Education and Human Services (FSEHS) Nova
Southeastern University (NSU)
Once defined, you must use the abbreviation
throughout the rest of your paper. NOTE If
possible, do not start a sentence with an
abbreviation or acronym.
APA manual, pp. 104-111
23
Numbers See APA pp. 122-125

• Use figures for numbers 10 and above
  343 students in 26
  classes
• The numbers between one and nine should be
  spelled out
• A total of six experiments went awry.
• Exceptions
• Numbers above and below 10 grouped for
  comparison 3 of 15 students The school
  needs 4 teachers and 11 staff people.

24
Numbers See APA pp. 122-125

• Use figures for all times years, months, days,
  hours, minutes The teachers take 3 hours to
  complete the work. 3 months ago 2
  weeks later 1130 a.m.
• Numbers representing dates, age, exact sums of
  money April 16, 2007 2-year-olds
  reimbursed 5
• Exception --Use word when a number is the first
  word in the sentence. Two hours is more
  than enough time.
• Exception -- school yearsThe students spent
  three years in school.

25
Numbers, cont.
More exceptions

• Numbers denoting a specific place in a series,
  book, or table Table 5Session 3Grade 7
• Use words for numbers below 10 that do not
  represent precise measurements eight
  itemsnine pages
• Percentages, fractions, ratios, percentiles,
  quartilesTwenty-four percent replied but 76 did
  not.

APA manual, pp. 122-125
26

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)

27

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)
• In first grade, the students (APA, p. 125f)
  butIn 12th grade, the
  students

28

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)
• In first grade, the students (APA, p. 125f)
  butIn 12th grade, the
  students
• (Note Do NOT use superscript --
  12th grade)

29

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)
• In first grade, the students (APA, p. 125f)
  butIn 12th grade, the
  students
• (Note Do NOT use superscript --
  12th grade)
• Twelfth grade presents.

30

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)
• In first grade, the students (APA, p. 125f)
  butIn 12th grade, the
  students
• (Note Do NOT use superscript --
  12th grade)
• Twelfth grade presents.
• The first-grade students (hyphenated compound
  adjective APA, p. 91)
  but
• The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45)

31

• In Grade 1, the students (APA, p. 125f)
• In first grade, the students (APA, p. 125f)
  butIn 12th grade, the
  students
• (Note Do NOT use superscript --
  12th grade)
• Twelfth grade presents.
• The first-grade students (hyphenated compound
  adjective APA, p. 91)
  but
• The 12th-grade students (APA p. 128, 3.45)
• The 6th graders did better than the 10th graders.

32

• Tenth-grade students ate in the cafeteria.
• or
• 2. 10th-grade students ate in the cafeteria.

?

• The seventh grade went on a field trip.
• or
• 2. The 7th grade went on a field trip.

?
?

• Students in Grades 4 and 5 took the test.
• or
• Students in grades 4 and 5 took the test.
• or
• 3. Students in grades four and five took the
  test.

?

• The 7th grade did better than the 10th grade.
• or
• The seventh grade did better than the tenth
  grade.
• or
• 3. The seventh grade did better than the 10th
  grade.

33
Compound-Adjectives

• Role playing
• High anxiety
• Seventh grade

• Role-playing technique
• High-anxiety situations
• Seventh-grade students

• but
• Type II error
• Post hoc comparisons

APA manual, pp. 89-94
34
Commas
Use commas

• Between independent clauses
• Jane went to school, but Dick stayed home.

APA manual, pp. 78-79
35
Commas
Use commas

• Between independent clauses
• Jane went to school, but Dick stayed home.
• Series of three or more
• Jane, Dick, and Harry argued about money.

APA manual, pp. 78-79
36
Commas
Use commas

• Between independent clauses
• Jane went to school, but Dick stayed home.
• Series of three or more
• Jane, Dick, and Harry argued about money.
• Nonessential or nonrestictive clauses
• Direct TV, which is available in south
  Florida, offers some nice features.

APA manual, pp. 78-79
37
Commas
Use commas

• Between independent clauses
• Jane went to school, but Dick stayed home.
• Series of three or more
• Jane, Dick, and Harry argued about money.
• Nonessential or nonrestictive clauses
• Direct TV, which is available in south
  Florida, offers some nice features.

But

• Comma are not used to separate a compound
  predicate Jane baked a cake and worked
  on her homework.

APA manual, pp. 78-79
38

• Tenth-grade students ate in the cafeteria, but
  the seventh gradersgot to play outside.

Correct
2. Jung and Skinner used different models of
human behavior.
Correct
3. Freud, Piaget and Dewey all had profound
effects on thinking in the 20th century.
Incorrect
4. First-year students in the Ed.D. program must
complete theDSO, and attend the summer
conference.
Incorrect
39
Only One Space after Punctuation

• Periods at the end of a sentence
• Students scores improved. The study
  demonstrated that
• Between initials in citation in reference list
• Brown, J. D. (2003). The
• Exception internal periods in abbreviations
  9 a.m. e.g. i.e. U.S.

APA manual, pp. 290-291
40
Only One Space after Punctuation

• Periods at the end of a sentence
• Students scores improved. The study
  demonstrated that
• Between initials in citation in reference list
• Brown, J. D. (2003). The
• Exceptions no spaces for internal periods in
  abbreviations 9 a.m.
  e.g. i.e. U.S.

APA manual, pp. 290-291
41
Pitfalls

• No first person I, we, my
• No second person you, your
• Use the plural with the word data
• Data are available on a variety of topics.
• These data can be found .
• Use exact dates rather than relative phrases like
  three years ago, in 2008, or last five years.
• Do NOT (dont) use contractions.

42
Using Microsoft Words formatting for Hanging
Indentations

• Example in MSWord 2003
• Go to Format.
• Select Paragraph.
• In Indents and Spacing
• Go to the Special section.
• Select Hanging.

43
Hanging Indentations in Word 2007
44
How to Cite a Journal Article Retrieved Online
45
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Author(s)
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• Initials, not first names. No title
• Ampersand (), not the word and
• Comma before the ampersand.
• Space between initials

See APA manual, p. 279, 91
46
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Year of publication
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• Enclosed in parentheses
• Period after the parentheses
• No month or day if the publication is a
  journal, not a magazine, newsletter, or
  newspaper article.

See APA manual, p. 279, 91
47
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Article title
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• Only first word in title and subtitle should be
• be capitalized as well as any proper names.
• A period at the end of the title.
• Only one space after the period, not two.

See APA manual, p. 279, 91
48
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• Journal title should have all important words
  capitalized.
• It is italicized
• The journal title is followed by a comma

Journal title
See APA manual, p. 279, 91
49
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• The volume number is italicized
• There should be no space betweenthe volume
  number and issue number
• Enclose issue number in parentheses
• and follow by a comma
• Do not use p. or pp. for journal articles.

Volume, issue, and page number(s)
See APA manual, p. 279, 91
50
Journal Citations(Change in 2007)

• Always include the volume and issue number
  regardless of whether the journal is paginated by
  issue number or continuous throughout the volume.

APA manual (5th ed.) p. 240 1 and 2
Journal of Reading Volume 16 2004
51
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text
Online Using APA (5th ed.)
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• If pagination is continuous, do NOT include issue
  number.
• If pagination starts with page 1 in each issue,
  include issue number.

52
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text
Online Using Style Guide (2007)
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.

• Always include volume and issue number
  regardless of pagination.

53
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text
Online Using APA (5th ed.)
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.
Retrieved July 11, 2008, from Education Full
Text database.
Retrieval statement

• The retrieval date is not included because this
  article is not likely to be changed or
  updated. However, changeable documents should
  include the retrieval date.
• Include the word database after the proper name
  of the database.

54
Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text
Online Using 2007 Style Guide
Watkins, R., Schlosser, C. (2000). Its not
about time A fresh approach to educational
equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47.
doi10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
DOI number

• Preferred If the database has a Digital Object
  Identifier that functions as a unique
  identifier of the content and a link to the
  content, then use that.
• Do not capitalize doi, and do not include a
  space before or after the colon.
• Do not put a period at the end of the doi number.

55
Examples of a DOI
56
Examples of a DOI
57
DOI in ERIC Database
58
doi10.1088/0031-9120/43/3/007
59
DOIs found in the abstract
60
Non-DOI numbers from other vendorsDO NOT
INCLUDE THESE!
61
To Find a Document Using a DOI

• Copy the DOI of the document you want to open.
• The correct format for citing a DOI is as
  follows doi10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
• Open the following DOI site in your browser
  http//dx.doi.org
• Enter the entire DOI citation in the text box
  provided, and then click Go. The document that
  matches the DOI citation will display in your
  browser window.
• To link to journals provided in full text by
  vendors, you will have to go to the Alvin Sherman
  Librarys Electronic Resources page and log into
  the appropriate database.

62
Names

• Do not include titles
• Arguellos, S., Ph.D. (2007).Bucher, J., Dr.
  (2005).
• If authors first name is hyphenated, retain
  hyphen
• Chin, E.-F., Barry, B., Wilson, H. W.
• Use comma to separate initials and suffices
• Johnson, R. F., Jr. Altilio, D. S., III

APA manual, p. 224
63
Corporate author
American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC Author.

• Period after the corporate author

See APA manual, p. 248
64
Year of publication
American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC Author.
See APA manual, p. 248
65
Book title
American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC Author.
See APA manual, p. 248
66
Book title
American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC Author.

• Use (5th ed.), not (5th ed.) and do not
  italicize
• Period goes after the edition number and page
  numbers, if any

See APA manual, p. 248
67
American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC Author.
Place and publisher

• Use DC, not D.C. (U.S. postal abbreviation
  for states)
• Use Author if the name of the publisher is
  the same as the author

68
Location and Publisher Info

• Use state abbreviations
• FL, TX, NY, CA, DC
• Cities that do not includestate abbreviation
• Baltimore
• Boston
• Chicago
• Los Angeles
• New York
• Philadelphia
• San Francisco

• Leave off superfluous terms
• Publishers
• Co. or Company
• Inc.
• Retain the words
• Books
• Press
• For example
• Erlbaum, John Wiley, University of Toronto
  Press,Penguin Books

69
Citing a Web Site
http//www.ala.org/acrl/acrlstandards/informationl
iteracy.htm
70
Citing a Web Site
Corporate author
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm
See APA manual, p. 274
71
Citing a eb Site
Citing a Web Site
Year of publication
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm
See APA manual, p. 274
72
Citing a Web Site
Web title
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm

• Web title is italicized.

See APA manual, p. 274
73
Citing a Web Site Using APA (5th ed.)
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm
Retrieval statement
Include the retrieval date Include http// in the
Web address No period after the URL
74
Citing a Web Site Using APA Style Guide (2007)
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm
Retrieval statement
Do not include the retrieval date if the document
is in the archivalversion Include http// in
the Web address No period after the URL
75
Citing a Web Site Using APA (5th ed.)
Citing a Web Site Using APA Style Guide (2007)
Association of College and Research Libraries.
(2003). Information literacy competency
standards for higher education. Retrieved
February 12, 2008, from the American Library
Association Web site http//www.ala.org/acr
l/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm
Retrieval statement
Include the retrieval date if the document is
likely to be changed or updated Include http//
in the Web address No period after the URL
76

• Page entitledReferences
• Hanging indentations
• Single space in citations
• Double space between citations
• Use italics, do not underline
• Alphabetical order, Then by date

Reference Page
centered
32
References
Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A.,
García, E. O., Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation
mining Integrating text mining and
bibliometrics for research user profiling.
Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology, 52,
1148-1156. Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's
and doctoral thesis citations Analysis and
trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3,
459-479. doi10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482 Kushkowsk
i, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core
journal titles for music libraries A
dissertation citation study. College Research
Libraries, 60(2), 153-163. Kushkowski, J. D.
(1999b). Measuring the use and value of
electronic journals and books. Issues in
Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved
from Expanded Academic Index database.
Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library
research skills of education doctoral students.
In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity
transformation The promise of confluence.
Proceedings of the Seventh National
Conference of the Association of College and
Research Libraries, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp.
381-391). Chicago Association of College
and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2007).
Introductory concepts in information science.
Medford, NJ Information Today. O'Connor,
D. O., Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory
construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith
B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web.
Springfield, MA Springer Verlag.
77
Reference Page
32

• Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
• Retrieval statements
• Use retrieval dates when content
  changes

References
Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A.,
García, E. O., Ramírez, A. M. (2001). Citation
mining Integrating text mining and
bibliometrics for research user profiling.
Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology, 52,
1148-1156. Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's
and doctoral thesis citations Analysis and
trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3,
459-479. doi10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482 Kushkows
ki, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core
journal titles for music libraries A
dissertation citation study. College Research
Libraries, 60(2), 153-163. Kushkowski, J. D.
(1999b). Measuring the use and value of
electronic journals and books. Issues in
Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved
May 26, 2008, from Expanded Academic Index
database. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the
library research skills of education doctoral
students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity
transformation The promise of confluence.
Proceedings of the Seventh National
Conference of the Association of College and
Research Libraries, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp.
381-391). Chicago Association of College
and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2000).
Introductory concepts in information science.
Medford, NJ Information Today. O'Connor,
D. O., Voos, H. (2005). Empirical laws, theory
construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith
B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web.
Springfield, MA Springer Verlag.
78

• Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee.
• or
• 2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.

?
Nothing precedes something

• Schroeder, L. (2008). Water rights in Oregon.
• or
• 2. Schroeder, L. (2004). Fighting for water
  rights.

Arrange chronologically
?
(2001a)

• Jones, F. T. (2008). Birth of a nation.
• or
• Jones, F. T. (2000). Fourth-grade students.
• or
• 3. Jones, F. T. (2008). Winning the war.

?
(2001b)
?

• Palgreaves, D. J. (2001). Economics today.
• or
• Palgreaves, D. J., Baber, J. (1999). Dictionary
  of

One-author entries precede multiple-author entries
APA manual, pp. 219-221
79
Test Yourself How Many Mistakes?
Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life
on the Run -- todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Can you find 18 mistakes? (Using APA 5th ed.)
80
Identifying Formatting Problems
Identify First Formatting Problem
Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life
on the Run -- todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
81
Authors
Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life
on the Run -- todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005, spring/summer) Life on the
Run --todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
82
Date of Publication
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run --todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005) Life on the Run -- todays
administrator Journal of management 24 (4).
pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
83
Punctuation after Date of Publication
Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life
on the Run -- todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the Run -- todays
administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp.
323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
84
Capitalization of Article Title
Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life
on the Run -- todays administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run -- Todays
administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp
323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
85
Punctuation of Article Title
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of management 24 (4). pp.
323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
86
Capitalization of Journal Title
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management 24 (4). pp.
323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
87
Punctuation after Journal Title
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24 (4).
pp. 323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
88
Volume Number
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4). pp.
323-9. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
89
Issue and Page Number
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24(4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4),
323-329. Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
90
Date in Retrieval Statement
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
APA (5th ed.)
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4),
323-329. Retrieved February 3, 2008, from
FirstSearch Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.o
rg.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetect
javascripttruescreensize10
91
Database in Retrieval Statement
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
APA (5th ed.)
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4),
323-329. Retrieved February 3, 2008, from ERIC
Database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
92
Formatting of the Word Database
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
APA (5th ed.)
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4),
323-329. Retrieved February 3, 2008, from ERIC
database http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.n
ova.edu/WebZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascriptt
ruescreensize10
93
URL in Retrieval Statement
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
APA (5th ed.)
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24,
323-329. Retrieved February 3, 2008, from ERIC
database.
94
DOI in 2007 APA Formatting
Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on
the Run -- Todays Administrator Journal of
management 24 (4). pp. 323-9. Retrieved
2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database
http//0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/We
bZ/FSPrefs?entityjsdetectjavascripttruescreen
size10
APA Style Guide (2007)
Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run Todays
administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4),
323-329. doi10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
95
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96
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