Industrial Furnaces

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Industrial Furnaces

• Muhammad Tahir 2006-chem-07
• Muhammad Azeem 2006-chem-09

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• Industrial furnace is an equipment that provides
  heat for a process or chemical reaction.
• Sometimes the term furnace refers to direct-fired
  heaters, used in boilers applications in chemical
  industries.

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Essential Parts

• Burner
• Radiant section
• Convection section
• Shield section
• Damper
• Stack
• Insulation

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Burners

• The burner in a vertical, cylindrical furnace is
  generally located in the floor and fires upward.
  Some furnaces have side-fired burners.
• The burner tile is made of high-temperature
  refractory material that contains the flame.

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Radiant section

• The tubes receive almost all their heat by
  radiation from the flame.
• Tubes can be vertical or horizontal, placed along
  the refractory wall or around the middle, or
  arranged in cells. Studs are used to hold the
  insulation together and on the wall of the
  furnace.

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Convection section

• The convection section is located above the
  radiant section, where it is cooler to recover
  additional heat.
• In this section, heat transfer takes place by
  convection, and the tubes are finned to increase
  heat transfer.

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• The area of the radiant section just before the
  flue gas enters the shield section and then the
  convection section is called the "bridge zone.
• The term "crossover" is used to describe the
  tube that connects from the convection section
  outlet to the radiant section inlet.

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Shield section

• The first two tube rows at the bottom of the
  convection section and the top of the radiant
  section form an area of bare tubes (without fins)
  and are known as the
• "shield section.

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Damper

• It works like a butterfly valve and regulates the
  draft (pressure difference between air intake and
  air outflow) in the furnace. The draft pulls the
  flue gas through the convection section.
• It also regulates the heat lost through the
  stack.

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Stack

• The flue gas stack is a cylindrical structure at
  the top of the heat transfer chamber. The
  breeching directly below it collects the flue gas
  and releases it high in the atmosphere where it
  will not endanger personnel.

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Insulation

• Insulation is an important part of the furnace
  because it prevents excessive heat loss.
• Refractory materials such as firebrick, castable
  refractories, and ceramic fiber are used for
  insulation.

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Applications

• Metal Industries
• Glass Industries
• Chemical Plants
• Chemical Industries
• Steel Industries
• Aluminum Industries
• Petrochemical plants