Operational and Regulatory Challenges ? Design Challenges

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Introduction

• Operational and Regulatory Challenges ? Design
  Challenges
• Examples
• Cargo Residues
• Excessive Loading Rates
• IMSBC Code

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MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues

• Definitions
• Cargo Residue is defined as garbage in guidelines
• Cargo hold washing water not defined although
  interpreted as garbage
• Requirements
• Must be discharged when greater than 12 nm from
  shore
• Cannot be discharged in a special area
• Special Areas a Problem
• Bulk carriers generally not design to handle
  washing water
• Adequate port reception facilities for washing
  water

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MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues

• Recent special areas
• Gulfs Area became effective in August 2008
• Mediterranean Area became effective May 2009
• Reception Facilities in Special Areas (Gulf and
  Med)
• PRF must be in place before special area becomes
  effective
• MEPC 59 Intercargo and BIMCO paper
• Circular issued (MEPC.1/Circ. 675)
• Next steps
• Continuation of review of Annex V
• Possible IMSBC Code reference to discharge
  requirements?

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Design Issues

• Handling hold washing water
• Can be problematic
• Holding tanks
• Pumps large particles
• Cargo properties
• Coatings (PSPC?)
• Ballast water management systems
• Hold cleaning systems
• Possible treatment systems

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Design Issues
Images courtesy of EMS Ship Supply
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Design Issues
Courtesy of EMS Ship Supply
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Bulk Carrier Loading Rates

• Terminal requirements
• Buoyant market ? queuing ? optimising loading
• Ponta da Madeira - Brazil
• 16 000 t/hr
• Minimum ballast
• 14 hr turnaround

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Intercargo Survey

• Key Findings
• 85 of masters indicated that they considered
  such a rate of loading to be beyond the safe
  operational limits of their vessel
• Manoeuvrability
• Hull structure
• Two thirds of respondents stated they had
  concerns with regard to structural stresses if
  loading at such a rate.

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Validation of Masters Views

• Manoeuvrability Study BMT SeaTech
• Concurred with Masters opinion
• ABS study
• Confirmed many risks
• Submission of paper to IMO MSC 84 (MSC 84/INF.8)
• Referred to DSC 13
• Considered by Correspondence Group reviewing BLU
  Code
• Reports to DSC 14 next week

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Outcome of Correspondence Group

• Reports to DSC 14 (DSC 14/7)
• Proposes an MSC Circular providing guidance
• Time taken for loading
• Arrival Condition
• Loading sequence
• During loading
• Consequences of failure to apply BLU Code
• IACS Recommendation 46

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Design Issues

• De-ballasting capacity
• Typically two 2000-2500 M3/hr pumps (4000-5000
  M3/hr total)
• Should this be increased?
• Pump size
• Power requirements
• Piping systems (water and air)
• BWM treatment systems

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Information

• IACS UR S1A
• Sample sequences often not realistic
• Information provision should be reviewed

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IMSBC Code (formally BC Code)

• Revised and updated
• Voluntary from Jan 2009
• Mandatory from Jan 2011
• New Schedules
• DRI
• Sulphur (formed)
• DSC 14 (next week)
• Coal and hot areas
• DRI
• Survey and certification

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Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

• What is it?
• Iron Ore Pellets subjected to a reducing gas in a
  reactor
• Oxygen chemically removed
• Fe content increased from 65 to 85
• Pellets then formed cold or hot moulded
• What are the dangers?
• Process is reversible Fe re-oxidises
• Oxidisation releases energy as heat possible
  thermal runaway
• Hydrogen also liberated

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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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IMSBC Code Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

• DRI (A) Briquettes, hot moulded
• Monitoring requirements
• DRI (B) Lumps, pellets, cold-moulded briquettes
• Moisture lt0.3
• Hold must be inerted
• Monitoring requirements
• DRI (C) By products
• Moisture lt0.3
• Hold must be inerted
• Monitoring requirements

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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes
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Design Issues

• DRI an extreme example
• Are bulk carrier designed to carry DRI?
• Do we design bulk carriers around cargoes?
• Are we ready for a mandatory IMSBC Code?

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Conclusions

• Operational and Regulatory Challenges ? Design
  Challenges
• Design and regulatory ( rule) development needs
  to consider
• Operational environment loading rates example
• Cargo properties DRI example
• Feedback from designers MARPOL Annex V example
• Co-operation of all parties
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• Ships that are safe and fit for purpose

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Thank you